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==1 Title, abstract and keywords<!-- Your document should start with a concise and informative title. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. Capitalize the first word of the title.
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==1 The four motors initiative: cooperation and governability, amid energy resources scarcity and climate change dynamics (Daniel Rajmil, Lucía Morales, Bernadette Andreosso O'Callaghan and Josep Lladós Masllorens), Abstract proposal eix 1 L’economia catalana dins el nou marc geoestratègic global ==
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==Keywords: Climate Change, four motors, Energy resources, hydric stress, Governability,==
  
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Provide a maximum of 6 keywords, and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field should be used. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
 
  
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An abstract is required for every document; it should succinctly summarize the reason for the work, the main findings, and the conclusions of the study. Abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, references and hyperlinks should be avoided. If references are essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. -->==
 
  
  
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Since 1988, the four motors initiative has offered a joint cooperative framework to the territories of Catalonia, Baden-Württemberg (BW), Lombardy and Rhône-Alpes (currently Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, AURA). In this, the paradiplomacy means of non-state actors and regions has been evolving to a more diverse political participation of regional territories in what was once a traditional matter. The network has expanded from purely economic aspects to a diverse portfolio of activities. The complexity of the regions and the cooperative elements that have emerged from the working framework will be examined in a comparative framework that will explore the regions' energy needs during times when the transition towards sustainable energy models is generating significant pressures due to the growing speed of environmental deterioration and its implications for climate change as a result of global warming. This paper proposes a research framework that will examine how the different regions are developing energy resource management and related policies, their interlinked dynamics with careful consideration given to their implications for water management as a critical resource for economic development and progress.
  
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==2 The main text<!-- You can enter and format the text of this document by selecting the ‘Edit’ option in the menu at the top of this frame or next to the title of every section of the document. This will give access to the visual editor. Alternatively, you can edit the source of this document (Wiki markup format) by selecting the ‘Edit source’ option.
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The beginning of the Four Motors initiative was defined by an initial distinction between regionalization being the outcome of a natural location phenomenon, which led to closer economic ties and regionalism, which intended to create preferential- trading arrangements (Lorenz, 1992). This remained true for most of the advanced industrialized regions in Europe, Asia and America. Nonetheless, the development of globalization paradigms pushed regional and local actors to integrate within international geopolitical dynamics and decisions that are hand in hand with financial and economic development. Since the 1970s, financial markets have evolved towards a gradual state of globalization, stirring further structural change and transformation including developments in information processing technologies and governments' deregulation policies that have implications and spillover effects on how economic and political systems functions (Allen 2023:1).
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The paper seeks to explore and define a correct link between the governability of energy and water resources management policies, based on the comparative performance of the regions conforming to the Four Motors initiative. By doing this, the project will analyse the positioning of those regions in global value chains, in the context of supply restructuring and reallocation and facing the risk of decoupling.<!-- You can enter and format the text of this document by selecting the ‘Edit’ option in the menu at the top of this frame or next to the title of every section of the document. This will give access to the visual editor. Alternatively, you can edit the source of this document (Wiki markup format) by selecting the ‘Edit source’ option.
  
 
Most of the documents in Scipedia are written in English (write your manuscript in American or British English, but not a mixture of these). Anyhow, specific publications in other languages can be published in Scipedia. In any case, the documents published in other languages must have an abstract written in English.
 
Most of the documents in Scipedia are written in English (write your manuscript in American or British English, but not a mixture of these). Anyhow, specific publications in other languages can be published in Scipedia. In any case, the documents published in other languages must have an abstract written in English.
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2.4 Supplementary material
 
2.4 Supplementary material
  
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Supplementary material can be inserted to support and enhance your article. This includes video material, animation sequences, background datasets, computational models, sound clips and more. In order to ensure that your material is directly usable, please provide the files with a preferred maximum size of 50 MB. Please supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. -->==
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Supplementary material can be inserted to support and enhance your article. This includes video material, animation sequences, background datasets, computational models, sound clips and more. In order to ensure that your material is directly usable, please provide the files with a preferred maximum size of 50 MB. Please supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. -->
  
  
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==3 Bibliography<!--  
 
==3 Bibliography<!--  
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Citations in text will follow a citation-sequence system (i.e. sources are numbered by order of reference so that the first reference cited in the document is [1], the second [2], and so on) with the number of the reference in square brackets. Once a source has been cited, the same number is used in all subsequent references. If the numbers are not in a continuous sequence, use commas (with no spaces) between numbers. If you have more than two numbers in a continuous sequence, use the first and last number of the sequence joined by a hyphen
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Alzankawi, A., Morales, L., Andreosso-O’Callaghan, B., & Rajmil, D. (2023). Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Dynamics of Water Scarcity in Oil-Rich Economies: The Case of Kuwait. Peace Review, 35(4), 683-694.
  
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You should ensure that all references are cited in the text and that the reference list. References should preferably refer to documents published in Scipedia. Unpublished results should not be included in the reference list, but can be mentioned in the text. The reference data must be updated once publication is ready. Complete bibliographic information for all cited references must be given following the standards in the field (IEEE and ISO 690 standards are recommended). If possible, a hyperlink to the referenced publication should be given. See examples for Scipedia’s articles [1], other publication articles [2], books [3], book chapter [4], conference proceedings [5], and online documents [6], shown in references section below. -->==
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Allen, R. E. (2023). Financial crises and recession in the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  
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Andreosso-O'Callaghan, B & Rajmil, D (2024). Crises and Globalization: the delineation of a new path, included in Geopolitical Uncertainty and International Business: Shaping our Future World, Edward Elgar (2024, forthcoming)
  
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Antràs, P (2021), De-globalisation? Global value chains in the post-COVID-19 age, NBER Working Paper 28115.
  
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Atkinson, A. B., & Morelli, S. (2011). Economic crises and inequality. UNDP-HDRO occasional papers, (2011/6).
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Baldwin, R, R Freeman & A Theodorakopoulos (2022), Horses for Courses: Measuring Foreign Supply Chain Exposure, NBER Working Paper 31820.
 +
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Borras, S. (1993). The 'four motors for Europe'and its promotion of R&D linkages: Beyond geographical contiguity in interregional agreements. Regional & Federal Studies, 3(3), 163-176.
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 +
Casadei, P., Comotti, S., Crescenzi, R. & Iammarino, S. (2022). Where Global Value Chains go local: EU regions, global value chain creation and local upgrading. Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. European Commission.
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Espinosa-Gracia, A., Almazán-Gómez, M.A. & Jiménez, S. (2023). CO2 emissions and global value chains indicators:new evidence for 1995–2018, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 343, 118239,
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Gaál, N., Nilsson, L., Perea, J.R., Tucci, A. & Velazquez, B. (2023) Global trade fragmentation. An EU perspective. Chief Economist Notes. Issue 4. Directorate-General for Trade, European Commission,
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Keating, M (1999) Regions and international affairs: Motives, opportunities and strategies, Regional & Federal Studies, 9:1, 1-16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13597569908421068
 +
 +
Keating, M. (2013). Regions and international affairs: Motives, opportunities and strategies. In Paradiplomacy in action (pp. 1-16). Routledge.
 +
 +
Lorenz, D. (1992). Economic geography and the political economy of regionalization: the example of Western Europe. The American Economic Review, 82(2), 84-87.
 +
 +
Quevauviller, P. (2011). Adapting to climate change: reducing water-related risks in Europe–EU policy and research considerations. Environmental science & policy, 14(7), 722-729.
 +
 +
Steffek, J. (2010) 'Public Accountability and the Public Sphere of International Governance.' Ethics & International Affairs, 24, pp. 45-68.
 +
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Victor, D.G. (2011) Global Warming Gridlock: Creating More Effective Strategies for Protecting the Planet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  
 
==4 Acknowledgments<!-- Acknowledgments should be inserted at the end of the document, before the references section. -->==
 
==4 Acknowledgments<!-- Acknowledgments should be inserted at the end of the document, before the references section. -->==
  
 +
Alzankawi, A., Morales, L., Andreosso-O’Callaghan, B., & Rajmil, D. (2023). Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Dynamics of Water Scarcity in Oil-Rich Economies: The Case of Kuwait. Peace Review, 35(4), 683-694.
 +
 +
Allen, R. E. (2023). Financial crises and recession in the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
 +
 +
Andreosso-O'Callaghan, B & Rajmil, D (2024). Crises and Globalization: the delineation of a new path, included in Geopolitical Uncertainty and International Business: Shaping our Future World, Edward Elgar (2024, forthcoming)
 +
 +
Antràs, P (2021), De-globalisation? Global value chains in the post-COVID-19 age, NBER Working Paper 28115.
 +
 +
Atkinson, A. B., & Morelli, S. (2011). Economic crises and inequality. UNDP-HDRO occasional papers, (2011/6).
 +
 +
Baldwin, R, R Freeman & A Theodorakopoulos (2022), Horses for Courses: Measuring Foreign Supply Chain Exposure, NBER Working Paper 31820.
 +
 +
Borras, S. (1993). The 'four motors for Europe'and its promotion of R&D linkages: Beyond geographical contiguity in interregional agreements. ''Regional & Federal Studies'', ''3''(3), 163-176.
 +
 +
Casadei, P., Comotti, S., Crescenzi, R. & Iammarino, S. (2022). Where Global Value Chains go local: EU regions, global value chain creation and local upgrading. Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. European Commission.
  
 +
Espinosa-Gracia, A., Almazán-Gómez, M.A. & Jiménez, S. (2023). CO2 emissions and global value chains indicators:new evidence for 1995–2018, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 343, 118239,
  
 +
Gaál, N., Nilsson, L., Perea, J.R., Tucci, A. & Velazquez, B. (2023) Global trade fragmentation. An EU perspective. Chief Economist Notes. Issue 4. Directorate-General for Trade, European Commission,
  
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==5 References<!--[1] Author, A. and Author, B. (Year) Title of the article. Title of the Publication. Article code. Available: http://www.scipedia.com/ucode.
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<nowiki>Keating, M (1999) Regions and international affairs: Motives, opportunities and strategies, Regional & Federal Studies, 9:1, 1-16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13597569908421068</nowiki>
  
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[2] Author, A. and Author, B. (Year) Title of the article. Title of the Publication. Volume number, first page-last page.
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Keating, M. (2013). Regions and international affairs: Motives, opportunities and strategies. In ''Paradiplomacy in action'' (pp. 1-16). Routledge.  
  
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[3] Author, C. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle (edition.). Volume(s). Place of publication: Publisher.
+
Lorenz, D. (1992). Economic geography and the political economy of regionalization: the example of Western Europe. ''The American Economic Review'', ''82''(2), 84-87.
  
−
[4] Author of Part, D. (Year). Title of chapter or part. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title: Subtitle of book (edition, inclusive page numbers). Place of publication: Publisher.
+
Quevauviller, P. (2011). Adapting to climate change: reducing water-related risks in Europe–EU policy and research considerations. ''Environmental science & policy'', ''14''(7), 722-729.
  
−
[5] Author, E. (Year, Month date). Title of the article. In A. Editor, B. Editor, and C. Editor. Title of published proceedings. Paper presented at title of conference, Volume number, first page-last page. Place of publication.
+
Steffek, J. (2010) 'Public Accountability and the Public Sphere of International Governance.' ''Ethics & International Affairs'', 24, pp. 45-68.
  
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[6] Institution or author. Title of the document. Year. [Online] (Date consulted: day, month and year). Available: http://www.scipedia.com/document.pdf.  
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Victor, D.G. (2011) Global Warming Gridlock: Creating More Effective Strategies for Protecting the Planet. Cambridge: ''Cambridge University Press.''
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Latest revision as of 08:26, 8 June 2024

1 The four motors initiative: cooperation and governability, amid energy resources scarcity and climate change dynamics (Daniel Rajmil, Lucía Morales, Bernadette Andreosso O'Callaghan and Josep Lladós Masllorens), Abstract proposal eix 1 L’economia catalana dins el nou marc geoestratègic global

Keywords: Climate Change, four motors, Energy resources, hydric stress, Governability,

2

Since 1988, the four motors initiative has offered a joint cooperative framework to the territories of Catalonia, Baden-Württemberg (BW), Lombardy and Rhône-Alpes (currently Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, AURA). In this, the paradiplomacy means of non-state actors and regions has been evolving to a more diverse political participation of regional territories in what was once a traditional matter. The network has expanded from purely economic aspects to a diverse portfolio of activities. The complexity of the regions and the cooperative elements that have emerged from the working framework will be examined in a comparative framework that will explore the regions' energy needs during times when the transition towards sustainable energy models is generating significant pressures due to the growing speed of environmental deterioration and its implications for climate change as a result of global warming. This paper proposes a research framework that will examine how the different regions are developing energy resource management and related policies, their interlinked dynamics with careful consideration given to their implications for water management as a critical resource for economic development and progress.

The beginning of the Four Motors initiative was defined by an initial distinction between regionalization being the outcome of a natural location phenomenon, which led to closer economic ties and regionalism, which intended to create preferential- trading arrangements (Lorenz, 1992). This remained true for most of the advanced industrialized regions in Europe, Asia and America. Nonetheless, the development of globalization paradigms pushed regional and local actors to integrate within international geopolitical dynamics and decisions that are hand in hand with financial and economic development. Since the 1970s, financial markets have evolved towards a gradual state of globalization, stirring further structural change and transformation including developments in information processing technologies and governments' deregulation policies that have implications and spillover effects on how economic and political systems functions (Allen 2023:1).

The paper seeks to explore and define a correct link between the governability of energy and water resources management policies, based on the comparative performance of the regions conforming to the Four Motors initiative. By doing this, the project will analyse the positioning of those regions in global value chains, in the context of supply restructuring and reallocation and facing the risk of decoupling.



3 Bibliography

Alzankawi, A., Morales, L., Andreosso-O’Callaghan, B., & Rajmil, D. (2023). Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Dynamics of Water Scarcity in Oil-Rich Economies: The Case of Kuwait. Peace Review, 35(4), 683-694.

Allen, R. E. (2023). Financial crises and recession in the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Andreosso-O'Callaghan, B & Rajmil, D (2024). Crises and Globalization: the delineation of a new path, included in Geopolitical Uncertainty and International Business: Shaping our Future World, Edward Elgar (2024, forthcoming)

Antràs, P (2021), De-globalisation? Global value chains in the post-COVID-19 age, NBER Working Paper 28115.

Atkinson, A. B., & Morelli, S. (2011). Economic crises and inequality. UNDP-HDRO occasional papers, (2011/6).

Baldwin, R, R Freeman & A Theodorakopoulos (2022), Horses for Courses: Measuring Foreign Supply Chain Exposure, NBER Working Paper 31820.

Borras, S. (1993). The 'four motors for Europe'and its promotion of R&D linkages: Beyond geographical contiguity in interregional agreements. Regional & Federal Studies, 3(3), 163-176.

Casadei, P., Comotti, S., Crescenzi, R. & Iammarino, S. (2022). Where Global Value Chains go local: EU regions, global value chain creation and local upgrading. Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. European Commission.

Espinosa-Gracia, A., Almazán-Gómez, M.A. & Jiménez, S. (2023). CO2 emissions and global value chains indicators:new evidence for 1995–2018, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 343, 118239,

Gaál, N., Nilsson, L., Perea, J.R., Tucci, A. & Velazquez, B. (2023) Global trade fragmentation. An EU perspective. Chief Economist Notes. Issue 4. Directorate-General for Trade, European Commission,

Keating, M (1999) Regions and international affairs: Motives, opportunities and strategies, Regional & Federal Studies, 9:1, 1-16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13597569908421068

Keating, M. (2013). Regions and international affairs: Motives, opportunities and strategies. In Paradiplomacy in action (pp. 1-16). Routledge.

Lorenz, D. (1992). Economic geography and the political economy of regionalization: the example of Western Europe. The American Economic Review, 82(2), 84-87.

Quevauviller, P. (2011). Adapting to climate change: reducing water-related risks in Europe–EU policy and research considerations. Environmental science & policy, 14(7), 722-729.

Steffek, J. (2010) 'Public Accountability and the Public Sphere of International Governance.' Ethics & International Affairs, 24, pp. 45-68.

Victor, D.G. (2011) Global Warming Gridlock: Creating More Effective Strategies for Protecting the Planet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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