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==1 Title, abstract and keywords==
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==Abstract==
  
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Your document should start with a concise and informative title. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. Capitalize the first word of the title.
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Brash ice is the accumulation of floating ice made up of blocks no larger than two meters across. Navigation in brash ice is becoming more usual as new navigation routes are being opened in the Artic regions. This navigation brings new concerns regarding the interaction of ice blocks with the ship. Developments are presented towards the simulation of this navigation condition including the interaction among the ship and the ice blocks.
  
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Provide a maximum of 6 keywords, and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field should be used. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
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This work presents the advances in the development of a computational tool able to simulate this problem, based on the coupling of a Semi-Lagrangian Particle Finite Element Method (SL-PFEM) with a multi rigid-body dynamics tool. The Particle Finite Element Method [<span id='cite-9'></span>[[#9|9]]] is a versatile framework for the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems. The PFEM combines Lagrangian particle-based techniques with the advantage of the integral formulation of the Finite Element Method (FEM).
  
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An abstract is required for every document; it should succinctly summarize the reason for the work, the main findings, and the conclusions of the study. Abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, references and hyperlinks should be avoided. If references are essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
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It has been shown [<span id='cite-9'></span>[[#9|9]]][<span id='cite-10'></span>[[#11|11]]] to successfully simulate a wide variety of complex engineering problems, e.g. free-surface/multi-fluid flows with violent interface motions, multi-fluid mixing and buoyancy-driven segregation problems etc.  
  
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==2 The main text==
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The latest development within the framework of the PFEM is the X-IVAS (eXplicit Integration along the Velocity and Acceleration Streamlines) scheme [<span id='cite-10'></span>[[#10|10]]][<span id='cite-12'></span>[[#11|11]]]. It is a semi-implicit scheme built over a Semi-Lagrangian (SL) formulation of the PFEM.
  
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You can enter and format the text of this document by selecting the ‘Edit’ option in the menu at the top of this frame or next to the title of every section of the document. This will give access to the visual editor. Alternatively, you can edit the source of this document (Wiki markup format) by selecting the ‘Edit source’ option.
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In this work, the SL-PFEM model has been coupled with a multibody dynamics solver, able to handle the interactions between thousands of bodies, representing the different ice blocks. The interaction between the fluid flow and the ice blocks is performed by enriching the finite element space at the boundaries of the different blocks.
  
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Most of the documents in Scipedia are written in English (write your manuscript in American or British English, but not a mixture of these). Anyhow, specific publications in other languages can be published in Scipedia. In any case, the documents published in other languages must have an abstract written in English.
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This work is part of the research project NICESHIP sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N62909-16-1-2236.
  
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===2.1 Subsections===
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==Presentation==
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This presentation was held at the ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE) in Madrid on June 19th, 2018.
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[[File:Draft_Garcia-Espinosa_669105798_6813_presOMAE2018.png | link=https://prezi.com/nxr5hwgguovd]]
  
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Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc. and then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ... Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Capitalize the first word of the headings.
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==References==
  
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===2.2 General guidelines===
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[[#cite-1|[1]]] Kelly S. Carney, David J. Benson, Paul DuBois, Ryan Lee, A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice. International Journal of Solids and Structures 43 (2006) 7820–7839
  
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Some general guidelines that should be followed in your manuscripts are:
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[[#cite-2|[2]]] Trisha Sain , R. Narasimhan, Constitutive modeling of ice in the high strain rate regime. International Journal of Solids and Structures 48 (2011) 817–827
  
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:*  Avoid hyphenation at the end of a line.
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[[#cite-3|[3]]] A Combescure , Y. Chuzel-Marmot , J. Fabis, Experimental study of high-velocity impact and fracture of ice, International Journal of Solids and Structures 48 (2011) 2779–2790
  
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[[#cite-4|[4]]] Mostafa Shazly, Vikas Prakash, Bradley A. Lerch. High strain-rate behavior of ice under uniaxial compression. International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 1499–1515
  
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[[#cite-5|[5]]] H. L. Schreyer,D. L. Sulsky, L. B. Munday,1 M. D. Coon,3 and R. Kwok. Elastic-decohesive constitutive model for sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, C11S26, doi:10.1029/2005JC003334, 2006
  
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:*  Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions. In particular use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
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[[#cite-6|[6]]] J Heinonen, Constitutive modelling of ice rubble in first year ridge keel, Doctor of Technology Dissertation. Univ of Helsinki, 2004
  
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===2.3 Tables, figures, lists and equations===
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[[#cite-7|[7]]] Becker, P. A. (2015). An enhanced Particle Finite Element Method with special emphasis on landslides and debris flows. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
  
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[[#cite-8|[8]]] Idelsohn, S.R., Oñate, E. Marti, J. and Limache, A. Unified Lagrangian formulation for elastic solids and incompressible fluids: Application to fluid–structure interaction problems via the PFEM Comp. Meth. App. Mech. and Eng. 197, 1762–1776 (2008)
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<span id='_Ref382560620'></span>
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[[#cite-9|[9]]] P Nadukandi, B Servan-Camas, PA Becker, J Garcia-Espinosa, Seakeeping with the semi-Lagrangian particle finite element method. Computational Particle Mechanics 4 (3), 321-329
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[[#cite-10|[10]]] Idelsohn, S., Oñate, E., Del Pin, F. “The particle finite element method: a powerful tool to solve incompressible flows with free‐surfaces and breaking waves”. International journal for numerical methods in engineering, vol. 61-7, pp. 964-989, 2004.
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[[#cite-12|[11]]] Idelsohn, S.R., Marti, J., Becker, P., Oñate, E.: Analysis of multifluid flows with large time steps using the particle finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 75, No 9, 2014, pp. 621–644.
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<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Table 1: Material properties</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Figure 1. Scipedia logo.</span></div>
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Latest revision as of 18:10, 14 January 2021

Abstract

Brash ice is the accumulation of floating ice made up of blocks no larger than two meters across. Navigation in brash ice is becoming more usual as new navigation routes are being opened in the Artic regions. This navigation brings new concerns regarding the interaction of ice blocks with the ship. Developments are presented towards the simulation of this navigation condition including the interaction among the ship and the ice blocks.

This work presents the advances in the development of a computational tool able to simulate this problem, based on the coupling of a Semi-Lagrangian Particle Finite Element Method (SL-PFEM) with a multi rigid-body dynamics tool. The Particle Finite Element Method [9] is a versatile framework for the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems. The PFEM combines Lagrangian particle-based techniques with the advantage of the integral formulation of the Finite Element Method (FEM).

It has been shown [9][11] to successfully simulate a wide variety of complex engineering problems, e.g. free-surface/multi-fluid flows with violent interface motions, multi-fluid mixing and buoyancy-driven segregation problems etc.

The latest development within the framework of the PFEM is the X-IVAS (eXplicit Integration along the Velocity and Acceleration Streamlines) scheme [10][11]. It is a semi-implicit scheme built over a Semi-Lagrangian (SL) formulation of the PFEM.

In this work, the SL-PFEM model has been coupled with a multibody dynamics solver, able to handle the interactions between thousands of bodies, representing the different ice blocks. The interaction between the fluid flow and the ice blocks is performed by enriching the finite element space at the boundaries of the different blocks.

This work is part of the research project NICESHIP sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N62909-16-1-2236.

Presentation

This presentation was held at the ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE) in Madrid on June 19th, 2018. 

Draft Garcia-Espinosa 669105798 6813 presOMAE2018.png

References

[1] Kelly S. Carney, David J. Benson, Paul DuBois, Ryan Lee, A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice. International Journal of Solids and Structures 43 (2006) 7820–7839

[2] Trisha Sain , R. Narasimhan, Constitutive modeling of ice in the high strain rate regime. International Journal of Solids and Structures 48 (2011) 817–827

[3] A Combescure , Y. Chuzel-Marmot , J. Fabis, Experimental study of high-velocity impact and fracture of ice, International Journal of Solids and Structures 48 (2011) 2779–2790

[4] Mostafa Shazly, Vikas Prakash, Bradley A. Lerch. High strain-rate behavior of ice under uniaxial compression. International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 1499–1515

[5] H. L. Schreyer,D. L. Sulsky, L. B. Munday,1 M. D. Coon,3 and R. Kwok. Elastic-decohesive constitutive model for sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, C11S26, doi:10.1029/2005JC003334, 2006

[6] J Heinonen, Constitutive modelling of ice rubble in first year ridge keel, Doctor of Technology Dissertation. Univ of Helsinki, 2004

[7] Becker, P. A. (2015). An enhanced Particle Finite Element Method with special emphasis on landslides and debris flows. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain

[8] Idelsohn, S.R., Oñate, E. Marti, J. and Limache, A. Unified Lagrangian formulation for elastic solids and incompressible fluids: Application to fluid–structure interaction problems via the PFEM Comp. Meth. App. Mech. and Eng. 197, 1762–1776 (2008)

[9] P Nadukandi, B Servan-Camas, PA Becker, J Garcia-Espinosa, Seakeeping with the semi-Lagrangian particle finite element method. Computational Particle Mechanics 4 (3), 321-329

[10] Idelsohn, S., Oñate, E., Del Pin, F. “The particle finite element method: a powerful tool to solve incompressible flows with free‐surfaces and breaking waves”. International journal for numerical methods in engineering, vol. 61-7, pp. 964-989, 2004.

[11] Idelsohn, S.R., Marti, J., Becker, P., Oñate, E.: Analysis of multifluid flows with large time steps using the particle finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 75, No 9, 2014, pp. 621–644.

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