Abstract

The relevance: during the period 2000–2020 in the Russian Federation, there were serious changes in terms of taxation. An assessment of the tax burden on individuals is important in order to answer the question to which degree tax reforms are in line with the initially stated goals, primarily from the fairness criteria point of view. The consequences of these changes for both the budgetary system and the Russian population are still poorly understood, in particular, how changes in social contributions, VAT, and the introduction of various tax incentives and/or spending contributed to reducing income inequality. Such studies are needed both in terms of determining the extent to which various incentives are distorted by tax policy measures, and in terms of assessing the effectiveness of these measures. The object: taxation systems and features of tax administration in world practice and the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is distribution of the tax burden on taxpayers in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to assess the distribution of the tax burden by groups of taxpayers and types of taxes in the Russian Federation. When forming the work, such methods as the hypothetical-deductive method, grouping and comparison methods, analysis of international and Russian experience, econometric and statistical analysis, case methods were used. The study used data from the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Rosstat and the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population of the Higher School of Economics. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the assessment of the distribution of tax burdens of personal income tax, social contributions and VAT by individuals and households, as well as in assessing the degree of regressivity/progressivity of taxation using regression analysis. The result of the work was a report containing: 1. International experience in determining and assessing the tax burden. 2. Generalization of empirical and theoretical approaches to assessing the distribution of the tax burden. 3. Russian experience in terms of the main changes that determine the tax burden on taxpayers. 4. The results of the assessment of the tax burden by categories of taxpayers and various types of taxes. The results allowed us to conclude that when analyzing the tax burden of personal income tax and social contributions on the basis of RLMS data, the distribution of the share of tax payments in the payroll by net labor income is almost identical to the distribution by the total disposable income of an individual. It is important to note, however, that in both cases the share drops sharply when people employed in the informal sector are included in the analysis. For the officially employed, on average for the period under review, the share of tax payments in the payroll ranged from 26.9% to 30%, and for the full sample from 21.3% to 26.3%. When analyzing the distribution of the VAT tax burden, a weaker degree of regressivity was found compared to taxes on labor income. In the future, the authors plan to continue the study of the distribution of the tax burden on individuals in Russia and in the world.

Abstract

Relevance of the research: at the present time, a new round of competitive technological race, spurred on by the United States and China, is clearly visible. Even today, the budget for research and development in China and the United States is 20 times higher than the budget for R&D in Russia, which creates the risk of losing national technological sovereignty. The answer to this challenge could be the creation of super-regions territories of scientific and technological breakthrough, in which intelligence, research and innovation infrastructure are concentrated, where there are world-class campuses with high quality conditions, and effective interaction between business, science and education is organized. The aim of the study is to analyze the best world practices for creating technological super-regions in order to form an effective national innovation system and to develop conceptual proposals for creating technological super-regions in Russia. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: the work contains a comprehensive analysis of the factors and mechanisms of formation of 10 global super-regions of the world with different spatial formats and genesis, which include: Silicon Valley (USA), urban innovation ecosystems of Boston (USA) and Cambridge (UK), Raleigh Research Triangle Durham Chapel Hill (Research Triangle Park, USA), Sophia Antipolis (France), Silicon Allee (Germany), Tsukuba (Japan), Bangalore-Karnataka (India), Shenzhen (China) and Guangzhou (China). An author's model of a super-region has been developed, as well as criteria for choosing locations for creating superregions. Results: based on the analysis of foreign practices, it was revealed that among the mechanisms for the formation of super-regions, a hybrid model prevails: government intervention is combined with the initiative of business and academic circles. The authors have developed a model of an innovative super-region, where in the center there are two equivalent factors the 'place' factor (everything that is created in a given location by a person) and the 'climate' factor (nature and climate that cannot be changed), as well as a set of selection criteria for potential locations. On the basis of the developed model, recommendations are proposed for choosing territories for creating innovation centers in Russia: in the short term, these include Greater Sochi (Adler, Krasnaya Polyana), New Moscow; in the medium term the southern coast of Crimea, Primorsky Krai and the Kaliningrad region.

Abstract

Under the conditions of the inflation targeting regime, monetary policy decisions have an impact on the economy through the financial sector. Given the significant dependence of the Russian economy on the export of oil, it is actual to study the specifics of the financial sector of resource economies and identify bottlenecks that reduce the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia In this study, using the example of 109 countries for the period 1980-2019, we assessed the degree of influence of resource dependence on the depth and structure of the financial sector. It is revealed that for a group of developing countries, the hypothesis of the "resource curse" of the financial sector is not rejected. This means that in conditions of resource dependence, the depth of the banking sector is decreasing, and the financial sector is more focused on stock markets. In the second part of the study, we investigated the degree of influence of financial sector development indicators on the effectiveness of monetary policy of commodity exporting countries which are also inflation targeters. The results of estimates obtained by the system generalized method of moments indicate that for resource economies, stock market development indicators play an important role in reducing inflation, whereas for non-resource economies, the influence of banking sector parameters prevails. In addition, in the period after the global financial crisis, as a result of increased volatility of world commodity prices there is an increasing role of financial stability indicators in ensuring the effectiveness of monetary policy in a group of developing resource countries. In the future, the study can be supplemented by taking into account, within the framework of econometric models, the sanctions episodes that affect the development of the financial sector in the oil-exporting countries.

Abstract

Currently, there is a growing need to develop unified analytical approaches and methodological solutions for a thorough and complete assessment of the state of the civil service. Accordingly, the current interest from a sociological point of view in this institution is expressed in the analysis of various aspects of its activities, prospects and barriers to development, which will allow to achieve an effective organization of the civil service. The main purpose of the study: organizing and conducting an annual sociological survey in the field of civil service. To achieve the goal, the following fundamental and applied tasks were solved: defining the conceptual foundations of sociological research on the issues of the civil service and assessing the possibilities of applying the results in managing the development of the civil service, substantiating directions for improving the methodology and technology for conducting sociological research that characterizes the state and development of the state civil service , the possibility of assessing the managerial potential of civil servants in the management of the personnel of the civil service of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of practical recommendations for the development of the civil service. Research methods or methodology: scientific and methodological analysis, comparative analysis, generalization, expert assessment, surveys of civil servants, public opinion research on issues of the civil service. It is substantiated that regular sociological monitoring requires an appropriate level of infrastructure functioning and, in particular, the adoption of a separate regulatory legal act. As a means of social diagnostics, sociological monitoring makes it possible to successfully solve the problems of both collecting and systematizing data characterizing the processes of change in the public service and tracking the dynamics of these processes, allowing timely corrective action, as well as improving the process of developing strategic decisions in this area, and increasing the targeting of impact. and optimize resources. At the same time, the monitoring system itself needs to be fine-tuned, taking into account the differentiation of the civil service system itself. At the same time, it is important to provide two focuses of research: self-assessment and public opinion. In the methodology of sociological monitoring, the development of situational indicators and indicators is of no small importance, in this regard, it is important, within the framework of the directions of the cooperation plan, to develop a methodology for sociological monitoring as an integral element of the strategy and tactics of managing changes in the civil service of the Russian Federation. The implementation of a comprehensive sociological study will allow not only to accumulate resources in achieving the strategic goals of the development of the state civil service and increase the targeting of relevant activities, but can also largely help reduce the risks caused by the preservation of traditional and the formation of new social stereotypes regarding civil servants and the state civil service in in general.

Abstract

The unified system is the basic state information resource in the field of civil service management. However, the capabilities of the Unified System outside the functionality that ensures the passage of the state civil service (including in terms of informing internal and external users of the system, as well as organizing information interaction between users) are used to a small extent. At the same time, the basic functionality of the Unified System in terms of the implementation of personnel processes is formed without taking into account user experience, and the communication capabilities of the Unified System as an information resource are not taken into account. External clients (citizens) and a significant part of internal clients (civil servants) do not use the Unified System due to insufficient awareness of its capabilities, lack of relevant content for them, as well as difficulties in using the existing functionality. In this regard, the analysis of user experience and the development of recommendations for improving the structure and content of the Unified System and its official website are of particular importance. The main purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the Unified System, as well as its official website. To achieve the goal, the following research tasks were solved: providing information and analytical support for information resources of public authorities (including support for network forms of interaction), as well as methodological support for users; preparation of proposals for improving the information resources of public authorities based on the analysis of the results of methodological user support; development of recommendations and methodological materials aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of users' work with information resources of public authorities. The potential of information, communication and digital technologies in the public administration system is used very limitedly, already implemented solutions and products require serious rethinking and “remodeling”. The basic functionality of the Unified System (including in terms of the implementation of personnel processes) is formed without taking into account user experience, and the communication capabilities of the Unified System as an information resource are not taken into account. The analysis of the user request and expert assessment of the Unified Information Resource made it possible to identify key problem areas and areas for improvement, to substantiate possible scenarios for the development of the Unified Information Resource of public authorities. The civil service portal requires restructuring and changing the emphasis content and content, focused not only on attracting the attention of candidates, but also on becoming a full-fledged platform for representatives of personnel services, experts, educational organizations. The solution of this ambitious task is impossible within the framework of the existing functionality and will require the development of a new site Unified system - the portal of the civil service as a single entry into the system of the domestic civil service.

Abstract

The relevance of the work undertaken in RANEPA in 2022 is due to the fact that the national goals of socio-economic development of Russia for the period up to 2030, defined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 21.07.2020 N 474, are formulated taking into account the tasks of achieving the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN. A prerequisite for their implementation is participation of the regions in the process. Localization of the SDGs in line with the new international approaches will strengthen the sustainability of regional policies and cooperation. The subject of the study is new methodology for assessing the achievement of the SDGsfor the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the achievement of the UN SDGs by the regions of Russia to clarify the priority areas of regional policy and is based on the following tasks undertaken: analysis of the experience of developed countries in developing an approach and assessing the achievement of SDGs at the level of regions of the second territorial level (according to the OECD classification); analysis of domestic experience in assessing the achievement of SDGs at different levels (national and regional); substantiation of the composition of indicators and methodological approach to assessing the achievement of SDGs at the regional level; formation of an information base for assessing the achievement of SDGs in the regions of the Russian Federation; approbation of the methodology; development of recommendations on priorities for the implementation of Russia's regional policy, based on estimates of indicators for achieving the SDGs. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that for the first time a new composite index has been developed to assess the achievement of the SDGs in the regions of Russia, based on a system of indicators, consistent with the national goals of Russia until 2030. On its basis, experimental assessments have been obtained that allow for interregional comparisons. Research methods applied: system, factor and statistical analysis of the distribution of indicators; index method, etc. Research results can be used to: clarify priorities and develop regional policy mechanisms that ensure the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the regions of Russia, as well as the achievement of the country's national development goals until 2030 in territorial dimension. The application of the authors’ approach is recommended for information and methodological support of the state regional policy development to increase its effectiveness.

Abstract

Improving the efficiency of firms is one of the most important factors in economic growth. There are studies pointing to a possible increase in the productivity of firms as a result of their involvement in international trade. Partly, these differences are due to the fact that more efficient firms initially enter the international market (selection effect), but beyond this effect there is a direct effect on the productivity of participation in international trade. In addition, there is reason to believe that simultaneous participation in both exporting and importing activities (e.g. as a result of being embedded in value chains) may have a greater effect. Using econometric and analytical methods of data analysis, the heterogeneity of causal relationships between the increase in productivity of enterprises and their export and import status was revealed. However, the paper developed a methodology to identify enterprises whose potential involvement in international trade can contribute most to the growth of their productivity. The results of this research can be used for: the patterns established, as well as quantitative estimates of the magnitude of the effects corresponding to them, can be used to refine the forecasts of the effects of economic policy in the scenario analysis. Estimates of the effects of lowering the barriers to firms' export market entry on the productivity of Russian enterprises.

Abstract

National development goals achievability analysis, as well as the impact of national projects on the achievement of these goals, has been conducted on an ongoing basis since the signing of Presidential Decree No. 204 of 7.05.2018 and represents a complex task. This study presents an attempt to build such a model based on machine learning methods. Several important points need to be taken into account while building such model: the ability to effectively take into account nonlinear dependencies between factors, the possibility of using large arrays of heterogeneous incoming data, taking into account the influence of macroeconomic factors, as well as the direct results of national projects on indicators of national development goals. With the help of the constructed model, a short-term forecast for 2022 was built for several indicators of national goals. As a part of the model this paper also analyzes the mutual impact of expenditures on national projects, as well as their contribution to the achievement of national development goals.

Abstract

The subject of the research work is legal relations in the fields of regulation of datacirculation; of the use of disruptive digital technologies (for example, blockchain, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), of the development of the platform economy, of the development of digital interaction between economic entities. The relevance of the study is prompted by the implementation of the federal project “Legal regulation of the digital environment”, which provides for the development and adoption of several legal acts aimed at removing the primary barriers against development of the digital economy in such areas as civil circulation, financial technologies, intellectual property, telecommunications, legal proceedings and notaries, standardization, etc. At the same time the project does not set the ambitious goals to remove the existing barriers in the field of the data regulation, which drive the digitalization of the economy, and which are related to, for example, the requirement for total data localization and to the binary approach to the definition of personal data, to create legal conditions for the large-scale implementation of breakthrough digital technologies, with regard to new regulatory requirements (for example, the functioning of artificial intelligence systems) and Russia's leadership in the development of the platform economy. Without solving these problems, it is impossible to ensure the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The novelty of the study is in that it suggests solutions to the tasks of creating a digital economy regulation system in Russia that consider the latest recommendations in this area and current challenges. The objective of the research work is to form proposals for eliminating legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation; the use of breakthrough digital technologies (for example, blockchain, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), the development of platform economy, the development of digital interaction between economic entities. The research methodology includes methods of logical, systemic, and comparative analysis using Russian and foreign legal acts, and analytical materials of competent authors and international organizations. To achieve the objective, the following tasks are to be solved: − analysis of the impact of legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms on creating conditions for digital transformation of the economy. − analysis of the OECD standards for data circulation regulation, use of breakthrough digital technologies (for example, blockchain, internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), development of the platform economy, and development of digital interaction between economic entities. − analysis of the approaches of the OECD member states to the task of removing legal barriers to the digital transformation of the economy. − proposals for the elimination of legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms that impede the digital transformation of the Russian economy, also in the context of the application of restrictive economic measures against Russia, as well as retaliatory measures that may create risks for the development of the digital economy. The research resulted in the development of proposals for the elimination of legal barriers in the circulation regulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms that impede the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The contribution of the study is prompted by the need to improve Russian legislation on the digital economy.

Abstract

The paper analyzes how the geopolitical events of 2022 influenced plans for the energy transition in the EU, and how they affected the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in the current conditions, the intention of the EU to carry out the energy transition has not only not weakened, but, on the contrary, has strengthened. The Russian renewable energy industry, which until 2022 developed with a significant lag compared to both developed and developing countries, after February 2022, was in limbo, because a number of Western partners left the industry or intend to leave it, and the search for Eastern partners is complicated by risks, which potential new partners may face when cooperating with Western partners, as well as by the small size of the Russian RES market, which makes potential cooperation meaningless, especially in light of the identified risks. The research methodology consists in the use of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.). The results of the study contain recommendations for Russia's energy transition policy, which could contribute to the establishment of new economic partnerships between Russia and other countries in the field of modern energy in the long term. One of the most important components of such a policy is to strengthen the nationally determined contribution to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. However, new partnerships are out of the question as long as hostilities continue.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the most important tools of modern customs administration: authorized economic operator, customs audit, financial guarantees for payment of customs duties. Based on the analysis carried out and taking into account international practice, proposals have been developed for the further development of these institutions.

Abstract

The subject of the study is the procedure for financial accounting and audit of digital assets, which in recent years have become significant distribution as objects of current business activity. The aim of the study was to analyze Russian and international practice to select the possible approaches of reliable and uniform reflection in the corporate reporting of digital assets and audit methods. The study was carried out during 2022 based on the department of accounting, economic analysis and audit of the Russian Academy of National Economy and the Presidential Service of the Russian Federation (RANEPA). Relevance. The absence of the rules for identifying and classification of digital assets in financial accounting does not allow to correctly reflect in the reports of organizations significant objects. No jurisdiction in the world has accounting standards for digital assets, and the IFRS Foundation only in 2022 set a priority task for developing the rules for accounting for digital assets. The research methodology is based on theoretical and practical methods. An inductive research approach is the desire to understand the nature of the problem related to digital assets. High -quality research method is a subjective assessment of attitudes, expert opinions in the field of digital assets. Practical research methods follow from theoretical and are mainly data collection and their analysis. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need: — for financial accounting for the clarification of the term “digital currency”, established by law, to divide the concepts of decentralized digital currency and the digital ruble of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; — development of the federal standard of accounting of operations with crypto actures; — distinguish between the issues of accounting for crypto acts for commercial organizations of the real sector of the economy and professional participants in the financial market. Recommended: — before the development of the federal standard, use a single approach to identify crypt-toactics as intangible assets in accordance with the accumulated practice; — creation of publicly accessible terminological reference books in relation to digital assets with regular actualization; — Creating an information resource about digitalization risks.

Abstract

Features of the of construction projects implementation sphere (especially in a crisis period associated with force majeure) require the development and implementation of effective disputes resolution methods at all stages of the project life cycle to ensure its sustainability, which forms the relevance of the topic, and the approach to its development - forms scientific novelty. Thus, the purpose of this scientific work is to develop a system of alternative methods and mechanisms for dispute resolution in the investment and construction sector of the national economy at various stages of the construction projects implementation, taking into account the best foreign experience for subsequent implementation in the practical activities of economic entities. To achieve this goal, the authors set tasks that include analysis of features of specialized methods for resolving construction disputes, identification the most popular of them, systematization of the problematic aspects of implementation of such methods potential and development of recommendations for its introduction at various levels. The methodological basis of the study constituted the following methods of scientific knowledge: holistic approach, project-oriented approach, system-dynamic method. Based on the results of its conduct, the authors made conclusions about the need to take measures, both legislative and organizational and managerial in nature, to overcome the crisis in the construction industry. On this basis, the authors, for recommendatory purposes, outlined the directions for reforming existing approaches to project management, taking into account the need for a targeted focus on Dispute management. Prospects for research on this science topics are associated with the introduction of conciliation mechanisms in the practical activities of state bodies and business entities, as well as with the development of additional competencies of all project participants.

Abstract

The processes of population concentration in Russian cities lead to a decrease in the population in certain territories, the depopulation of rural settlements and in some cases conflicts with national interests. In this regard, the development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hardto-reach areas seems to be an urgent research task. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas. Among the main tasks to be solved in the course of this study, one can single out: a review of the retrospective and forecast dynamics of the population of Russia in a spatial context; review of theoretical and practical research approaches to the analysis and evaluation of the effects of urbanization processes; development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas; empirical assessment of socio-economic effects from documents implemented in Russia on the development of individual territories; development of evidence-based recommendations on economic policy. Research method or methodology -systematization and analysis of international literature, economic modeling, econometric analysis. The main results of the study: developed a scientifically based approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the regulation of migration processes based on the econometric model and the model of spatial equilibrium; an empirical assessment of the socio-economic effects of measures affecting migration flows was carried out, including the following scenarios: expansion of preferential mortgage programs, cash transfers, development of transport infrastructure, changes in the cross elasticity of urban amenities, a scenario of increasing or decreasing the elasticity of substitution for workers of different qualifications. The results obtained allow us to draw a number of conclusions. According to the estimates obtained, a positive effect on migration is exerted by: the size of the population in the region, consumer spending per capita and the availability of transport infrastructure; negative effect - prices in the primary housing market, unemployment rate, crime rate. The greatest magnitude effect (in modulus) falls on consumer spending. Due to the introduction of an optimizing transfer, about 15.7% of the economically active population (11.8 million people) are resettled. This type of migration provides an increase in general welfare by 10.06%. At the same time, the most mobile category of workers, on average, is highly qualified personnel who move from large industrial zones. the population of regions in medium and sparsely populated areas. Low-skilled personnel have limited mobility. The main direction of resettlement for highly skilled workers is from the South-West to the North and East, for low-skilled workers - from the East to the South-West. Preferential mortgage increases the migration inflow in the target regions by 11.6-4.3 thousand people per year, which ensures an increase in GVA by 1.6-4.2 billion rubles, an increase in output by 3.1-8.2 billion rubles. and 1.5-3.8 thousand jobs. An increase in consumer spending may increase the migration inflow in the target regions up to 50 thousand people per year (depending on the conditions of the policy), which ensures an increase in GVA to 18.2 billion rubles, an issue of 35.1 billion rubles. and employment by 16.3 thousand people. The development of road infrastructure reduces the migration outflow in the target regions by 2-7 thousand people per year, which saves the regions 0.7-2.5 billion rubles. GVA, RUB 1.4-5 billion output and 0.7- 2.3 thousand jobs. Further work can be aimed at decomposing the obtained regional results at the municipal level, as well as developing the complexity of the factors taken into account by the proposed models.

Abstract

Relevance of the research: modern urban planning policy in Russia creates significant risks in the long term, which include spatially inefficient urban zoning, an increase in the number of personal vehicles and the displacement of public transport, uncontrolled suburbanization and reactionary urban planning policy, a microdistrict approach, etc. In this regard, it becomes especially important to search for effective responses to environmental, social, spatial, economic and other challenges and risks caused by modern urban development trends. The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the long-term risks of the current urban planning policy in Russia, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the best world practices of strategic urban planning, and the development of proposals for Russia's transition to a sustainable (in relation to long-term risks) urban planning policy. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: the paper attempts to carry out comprehensive qualitative and value-content analysis of theoretical approaches to sustainable urban development, identify key risks of long-term urban development in Russia and create a mega-index to assess the sustainability of urban development. Results: it was found that by sustainable urban policy we can understand the implementation of such regulatory measures, urban planning solutions, transport solutions, etc. which have a positive impact on the economy, the environment and the social sphere at the same time. However, in the Russian cities, there is a degradation of urban planning and spatial policy, the formation of micro-district multi-storey buildings, within which there is an alienation of a person from the environment and a “reduction of living space”. The fundamental reason is the short-term planning horizon of both city and regional administrations, businesses, and the population. On the basis of the study, the authors propose recommendations for changing the existing urban planning policy in Russia to mitigate the risks of long-term development: gradual implementation of obligatory character for the Standard for the integrated development of territories developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia and DOM.RF together with KB Strelka; introduction of the urban planning principle -'compact city'; a ban on the development of fields in the suburbs, restrictions on infill development and the transition to complex development; introduction of a moratorium on the construction of high-rise buildings in Russia, with the exception of their construction in special business districts (“city”), within walking distance of high-speed rail transport systems; raising the status and role of urbanists and architects in urban development planning; introduction of a procedure for assessing the long-term impact of construction projects, etc.

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that suburban agricultural enterprises are becoming innovative ‘locomotives’ of rural development and form the epicenter of the agrarian and economic contradictions in contemporary Russia. The study aims at a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the scale, forms and branches of the suburban and urban agriculture in Russia, and at identifying the technological and social-ecological vectors of its development. The subject of the study is social transformations determined by the technological schemes and industrial-agricultural clusters in the suburban areas of Russian regions. The study combines methods of quantitative (statistical data, secondary analysis) and qualitative approaches (observations, semi-formalized expert interviews) within the case study. The results of the study include the typology of social transformations taking place in cities and their suburban areas with the intensive development of new agricultural practices and enterprises; the demographic characteristics of the employed in such industries; and the most important sectoral and institutional forms of urban and suburban agriculture. The paper concludes that the projects for the creation of new technologies and branches of agricultural production in suburban areas are not so much focused on the immediate commercial goals as motivated by the interests of establishing a system of smallscale agricultural ‘cells’ designed to provide urban families with quality local products. Such a diversification of food production can provide non-standard employment for citizens and increase their level of food security. The novelty of the study is determined by the analysis of the suburban phenomenon not as a reserve-serving territory but as a multifunctional social-economic entity capable of performing both economic-auxiliary and such non-standard functions as the production and organization of social-cultural phenomena in a special rural, social-ecological space. The paper provides some recommendations such as closer links between rural and urban food systems; and a system of special seminars and courses on the basis of agricultural universities in the interests of innovative agricultural enterprises in the suburbs.

Abstract

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic have affected all existing forecasts of socioeconomic development. At the same time, a number of new support measures have appeared, both at the federal level and at the regional level. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current support measures aimed at the development of economic sectors, taking into account risks and opportunities, which seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of industry support measures in a crisis caused by non-economic reasons. The subject of the study is the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of the economic activity of the Russian Federation. The research method or methodology is to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis, a review of research literature (Russian and foreign), an analysis of foreign practices in providing business support, an assessment of financial stability and the effectiveness of support measures in a pandemic As a result of the work carried out, the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of economic activity, both in foreign countries and in federal and regional support measures for Russia, were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis and application of the experience of foreign countries in Russian realities and the study of the contribution to the Russian economy of the impact of existing support measures. The recommendations obtained as a result of the study indicate the need to calculate the effectiveness of support measures before its introduction. The project was carried out as part of research work by the Laboratory for Structural Research of the IPEI RANEPA under the President of Russian Federation in 2022.

Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the need for intensive implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, the formed demand from large non-core industrial companies, investments of which are attracted for the implementation of these science and money-intensive areas. Subject of research: non-core investment activities of large industrial companies in innovative biotechnology projects. Objective: formation of approaches to the management of the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech healthcare and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by Russian companies. Scientific novelty is determined by the development of new methods, technologies and approaches to managing the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by large non-core industrial companies. The research was conducted in 2022, at RANEPA, using a set of analytical methods, questionnaires and programming. Methods: observation; surveying, system analysis, socio-economic analysis; comparative legal analysis; multi-agent systems theory; formal analysis of historical phenomena; elements of expert systems theory, database creation. Results: The results of the analysis of the existing situation with the real practice of organizing the work of large non-core industrial companies in the search, selection, examination and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology: a summary classifier of the main scientific and practical disciplines in the field of "biotechnology"; a database of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology; a form of a Project Sheet submitted for expert evaluation for investment. a base of regulatory normative legal acts; the methodology of the sociological research of organizational approaches of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the development of noncore investments by large industrial companies into innovative projects in the field of development and implementation of medical materials, including biotechnologies. The first results of the sociological research with the proposals from several regions were received. Proposals for the formation of a screening program for preventive laboratory biochemical examination of workers; a business planning procedure for the creation of a multidisciplinary laboratory in the field of biotechnology; methodological recommendations for the examination of the investment project. Database "Electronic base of terms and definitions in the sphere of biotechnology and medicine". Encyclopedic dictionary reference book "Biotechnology: Medical Aspects". Conclusions: In recent years, the biotechnology industry of various kinds has been actively developing in Russia. However, investment by a large industrial company in biotechnology projects as a non-core activity, especially under conditions of a pandemic and when using the mechanism of sanctions, requires the creation of a special methodological apparatus. In this connection, a number of necessary methodological tools were developed in relation to the tasks of non-core activities of a large industrial company. The results of the implementation by a large industrial company of projects in the field of biotechnology, selected from the position of social efficiency and investment attractiveness, will undoubtedly have a pronounced socio-economic effect. Recommendations: The results obtained within the framework of this research can be used in the process of functioning of legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation, implementing their powers in the social sphere for the formation of new mechanisms of state policy in the field of health care and market economy in the conditions of pandemic and restrictive measures of economic nature.

Abstract

The problem of differentiation of HEIs by quality of educational, research and international activities and, as a consequence, of regional educational systems is relevant for Russia. To form a strong network of regional HEIs and to produce personnel whose competences meet the demands of the real sector of economy in the regions requires taking into account the spatial distribution of educational and postgraduate labour migration, specifics of location and quality of HEIs. The study obtained new statistical findings on the impact of the quality of regional educational systems on the volume of postgraduate migration and the propensity of university graduates to migrate to other regions in order to find employment. In addition, the contribution of universities to socio-economic development of regions ("third mission" of universities) has been empirically verified. It has been determined that improving the quality of universities has a positive impact on the propensity of graduates stay in regions where they receive their education, especially from "non-capital" regions. Universities can mitigate migration outflow of graduates and enhance human capital levels in regions by not only improving the quality and efficiency of education, but also by strengthening links with local labour markets through an active traineeship referral policy. Improving the quality of universities can be an additional tool of economic policy to increase regions' capacity to attract and retain qualified and educated young people, and to achieve more balanced spatial development of regions. In order to stimulate economic development in the regions, it is necessary to provide opportunities to improve the quality of the educational system and training of specialists demanded in regional labour markets, as well as to create conditions to encourage universities to provide scientific and expert analytical services to real sector organisations.

Abstract

The Russian wholesale electricity market is divided into two price zones: the European (first) price zone and the Siberian (second) price zone. The pricing mechanisms in the first and second price zones are the same: within each price zone, there is a free competition market between producers, which is provided by a significant transmission capacity of the electrical network. At the same time, the flow between the price zones is insignificant, and the equilibrium prices differ to a large extent, since competitive bidding for electricity and capacity is held separately for each price zone. During the analysis of the spot prices by the price zones a two-level model of stochastic volatility was developed. It was already shown that the dynamics of electricity prices are significantly different in the European and Siberian price zones. The transition to the analysis of reginal prices allows to identify the possible causes of these differences. In particular, one of the analysis tools is the construction of linear regressions of estimates of the coefficients of the stochastic volatility model (calculated for each node/region) on the permanent region’s characteristics (geographical location of the region, shares of TPPs, NPPs and HPPs in the power generation structure, shares TPPs operating on gas and coal, the share of the main sectors of GRP). As a result of evaluating the models for the region-averaged node prices, the differences in average prices, weekly price dynamics, the effect size of holidays, heating degree-days and volumes of industrial production on prices between regions were explained. Analysis of node prices based on regional maps makes it possible to detect weaknesses in the infrastructure of the electric power industry and regions with anomalous dynamics of electricity prices.