Computational Hydraulics, Hidrology and Hydrogeology : Scipedia

Numerical modeling of magma withdrawal during explosive caldera-forming eruptions
A. Folch, J. Martí i Castell, R. Codina

Journal of Geophysical Research (2001). Vol. 106 (B8), pp. 16 163-16 175

Abstract
We propose a simple physical model to characterize the dynamics of magma withdrawal during the course of caldera-forming eruptions. Simplification involves considering such eruptions as a piston-like system in which the host rock is assumed to subside as a coherent rigid solid. Magma behaves as a Newtonian incompressible fluid below the exsolution level and as a compressible gas-liquid mixture above this level. We consider caldera-forming eruptions within the frame of fluid-structure interaction problems, in which the flow-governing equations are written using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation. We propose a numerical procedure to solve the ALE governing equations in the context of a finite element method. The numerical methodology is based on a staggered algorithm in which the flow and the structural equations are alternatively integrated in time by using separate solvers. The procedure also involves the use of the quasi-Laplacian method to compute the ALE mesh of the fluid and a new conservative remeshing strategy. Despite the fact that we focus the application of the procedure toward modeling caldera-forming eruptions, the numerical procedure is of general applicability. The numerical results have important geological implications in terms of magma chamber dynamics during explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Simulations predict a nearly constant velocity of caldera subsidence that strongly depends on magma viscosity. They also reproduce the characteristic eruption rates of the different phases of an explosive calderaforming eruption. Numerical results indicate that the formation of vortices beneath the ring fault, which may allow mingling and mixing of parcels of magma initially located at different depths in the chamber, is likely to occur for low-viscosity magmas. Numerical results confirm that exsolution of volatiles is an efficient mechanism to sustain explosive caldera-forming eruptions and to explain the formation of large volumes of ignimbrites.
Abstract
We propose a simple physical model to characterize the dynamics of magma withdrawal during the course of caldera-forming eruptions. Simplification involves considering such [...]
- 5
- read
Estudio de la distribución transitoria del gas en redes urbanas por el método de los elementos finitos
B. Suárez, E. Oñate

Anales de Ingeniería Mecánica (1984). Vol. 2 (1), pp. 59-68

Abstract
Se representa una formulación por elementos finitos que permite simular la distribución transitoria de presiones y caudales del gas en redes urbanas. Esta formulación, que parte de las ecuaciones básicas que proporciona la mecánica de fluidos para la circulación de un gas en régimen variable por conductos cilíndricos, utiliza elementos finitos unidimensionales parabólicos para discretizar los distintos tramos de la red y un esquema paso a paso de integración en el tiempo que supone una variación lineal de la presión del gas en cada intervalo de tiempo. La formulación se aplica al caso real de la red media presión de la ciudad de Barcelona utilizando algunos resultados experimentales para confirmar su eficiencia y aproximación.
Abstract
Se representa una formulación por elementos finitos que permite simular la distribución transitoria de presiones y caudales del gas en redes urbanas. Esta formulación, [...]
- 11
- read
The backwater effect as a tool to assess formative long-term flood regimes
F. Castelltort, E. Bladé, J. Balasch, M. Ribe

Quaternary international (2020). Vol. 583, pp. 29-43

Abstract
The Ter River drains the south-eastern Pyrenees and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. A lithological constriction affects the normal water flow in the La Plana de Vic area. As a consequence of this disturbance in the flow, the shrinkage in the bedrock activates a backwater effect. Systematic water retention during extreme events has formative consequences. The process involves the creation of a helical flow for the structural misalignment of the channel at the point of narrowness. The backwater effect transmits the secondary currents backwards, resulting in the creation of a sinuous pattern upstream from the shrinkage. A tributary, the Gurri River, flows into the main river just before the constriction, and this too has been affected by the process of water storage and channel pattern change. A two-dimensional numerical flow model (Iber) has modelled several hypothetical cases of flooding. This modelling aims to test the reach of the hydraulic influence upstream from the constriction, both in the main river and its tributary, due to the backwater effect. Moreover, it sought to find the best balance of discharge between the two streams. The upstream reach of the backwater effect was considered as its endpoint. During the flooding, the system reached hydraulic equilibrium between the constriction and the two endpoints when both were at the same water level, and the flow regime was subcritical everywhere. The hydraulic conditions that drove the water flow to the equilibrium are thought to be the ones that promoted formative processes in a sinuous pattern on a long-term basis. The water discharge values obtained from this procedure are, in general terms, 50% above those considered to be a peak flood with a recurrence time of 500 years (Q500), and they accomplish the conditions of extreme events. Thus classified, the calculated discharges can be helpful for comparison with those measured in historical and systematic records, because a water discharge like the one calculated has never been measured at the Ter River.
Abstract
The Ter River drains the south-eastern Pyrenees and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. A lithological constriction affects the normal water flow in the La Plana de Vic area. [...]
- 3
- read
Evaluation of two hydrometeorological ensemble strategies for flash-flood forecasting over a catchment of the eastern Pyrenees
H. Roux, A. Amengual, R. Romero, E. Bladé, M. Sanz-Ramos

Natural hazards and earth system sciences (2020). Vol. 20 (2), pp. 425-450

Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the performances of flash flood forecasts issued from deterministic and ensemble meteorological prognostic systems. The hydro-meteorological modeling chain includes the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) forcing the rainfall-runoff model MARINE dedicated to flash flood. Two distinct ensemble prediction systems accounting for (i) perturbed initial and lateral boundary conditions of the meteorological state and (ii) mesoscale model physical parameterizations, have been implemented on the Agly catchment of the Eastern Pyrenees with three sub-catchments exhibiting different rainfall regimes. Different evaluations of the performance of the hydrometeorological strategies have been performed: (i) verification of short-range ensemble prediction systems and corresponding stream flow forecasts, for a better understanding of how forecasts behave, (ii) usual measures derived from a contingency table approach, to test an alert threshold exceedance, and (iii) overall evaluation of the hydro-meteorological chain using the Continuous Rank Probability Score, for a general quantification of the ensemble performances. Results show that the overall discharge forecast is improved by both ensemble strategies with respect to the deterministic forecast. Threshold exceedance detections for flood warning also benefit from large hydro-meteorological ensemble spread. There are no substantial differences between both ensemble strategies on these test cases in terms both of the issuance of flood warnings and the overall performances, suggesting that both sources of external-scale uncertainty are important to take into account
Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the performances of flash flood forecasts issued from deterministic and ensemble meteorological prognostic systems. The hydro-meteorological [...]
- 2
- read
Las ecuaciones de Saint Venant para la modelización de avalanchas de nieve densa
M. Sanz-Ramos, E. Bladé, A. Torralba, P. Oller

Ingeniería del agua (2020). Vol. 24 (1), pp. 65-79

Abstract
La creciente preocupación por los riesgos naturales, como las avalanchas de nieve, ha propiciado el desarrollo de modelos numéricos ad hoc como una herramienta de soporte para su análisis y evaluación. Los modelos existentes para simulación de aludes se basan en la conservación de la masa y de la cantidad de movimiento, que son unas ecuaciones similares a las ecuaciones de Saint Venant para agua con diferencias sólo en los términos de fricción (modelo reológico). Este documento muestra las posibilidades de estas ecuaciones para simular avalanchas de placa-densa y el tratamiento numérico realizado en Iber. Se ha empleado una nueva metodología para equilibrar el término fuente y el vector de flujo evitando así oscilaciones espurias y movimientos no reales, y que modifica la pendiente de fondo en base a los parámetros del fluido y así detener su movimiento. La herramienta se ha probado en dos casos de estudio para analizar el comportamiento del fluido en función de los parámetros del modelo reológico.
Abstract
La creciente preocupación por los riesgos naturales, como las avalanchas de nieve, ha propiciado el desarrollo de modelos numéricos ad hoc como una herramienta [...]
- 4
- read
Hydrodynamic determination of the kinematic viscosity of waste brines
M. Sánchez-Juny, A. Triadú, A. Andreu, E. Bladé

ACS Omega (2019). Vol. 4 (25), pp. 20987-20999

Abstract
Wastewater from a potash mine in the central region of Catalonia is transported by means of a collector that runs more than 100 km, spilling into the sea on the Catalan central coast. To analyze the hydraulics of this infrastructure, the values of the basic parameters that condition the flow, such as the absolute roughness of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipes and the viscosity of the transported brine mixtures, must be characterized. There exists uncertainty about the value of absolute roughness of a PVC pipe as described in the literature; nevertheless, if the pipe is smooth, the influence of the absolute roughness in the hydraulic determination of viscosity will not be significant. In this work, an experimental procedure based on a hydraulic analysis was applied to estimate the kinematic viscosity of a brine mixture, depending on its temperature and concentrations of salts and fines. The results obtained were compared with the results from experiments using an Ostwald viscometer.
Abstract
Wastewater from a potash mine in the central region of Catalonia is transported by means of a collector that runs more than 100 km, spilling into the sea on the Catalan central [...]
- 2
- read
Characterization of wood-laden flows in rivers
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, E. Bladé, D. Ravazzolo, E. Wohl

Earth surface processes and landforms (2019). Vol. 44 (9), pp. 1694-1709

Abstract
Inorganic sediment is not the only solid-fraction component of river flows; flows may also carry significant amounts of large organic material (i.e., large wood), but the characteristics of these wood-laden flows (WLF) are not well understood yet. With the aim to shed light on these relatively unexamined phenomena, we collected home videos showing natural flows with wood as the main solid component. Analyses of these videos as well as the watersheds and streams where the videos were recorded allowed us to define for the first time WLF, describe the main characteristics of these flows and broaden the definition of wood transport regimes (adding a new regime called here hypercongested wood transport). According to our results, WLF may occur repeatedly, in a large range of catchment sizes, generally in steep, highly confined single thread channels in mountain areas. WLF are typically highly unsteady and the log motion is non-uniform, as described for other inorganic sediment-laden flows (e.g., debris flows). The conceptual integration of wood into our understanding of flow phenomena is illustrated by a novel classification defining the transition from clear water to hypercongested, wood and sediment-laden flows, according to the composition of the mixture (sediment, wood, and water). We define the relevant metrics for the quantification and modelling of WLF, including an exhaustive discussion of different modelling approaches (i.e., Voellmy, Bingham and Manning) and provide a first attempt to simulate WLF. We draw attention to WLF phenomena to encourage further field, theoretical, and experimental investigations that may contribute to a better understanding of flows river basins, leading to more accurate predictions, and better hazard mitigation and management strategies.
Abstract
Inorganic sediment is not the only solid-fraction component of river flows; flows may also carry significant amounts of large organic material (i.e., large wood), but the [...]
- 3
- read
IberHABITAT: evaluación de la Idoneidad del Hábitat Físico y del Hábitat Potencial Útil para peces. Aplicación en el río Eume
M. Sanz-Ramos, E. Bladé, A. Palau, D. Vericat, A. Ramos-Fuentes

Revista Iberoaméricana del Agua (2019). Vol. 6 (2), pp. 158-167

Abstract
La caracterización y cuantificación del Hábitat Potencial Útil (HPU) para peces fluviales a partir de modelos de simulación hidráulica se ha basado tradicionalmente en la utilización de modelos hidráulicos unidimensionales, los cuales han sido técnicamente superados, aunque no con igual robustez ni expansión de uso, por modelos bidimensionales (2D). Por ello, se ha desarrollado un nuevo módulo en la herramienta de simulación hidráulica 2D Iber para evaluar la Idoneidad del Hábitat Físico (IHF), que a su vez es una variable básica para la estimación del HPU. El modelo se aplicó a un caso de estudio consistente en la evaluación del hábitat disponible para la trucha común (Salmo trutta), para sus tres estadios de desarrollo, en función de dos variables hidráulicas (calado y velocidad). El desarrollo del modelo ha permitido evaluar de manera directa la IHF y el HPU, así como obtener relaciones Caudal-HPU.
Abstract
La caracterización y cuantificación del Hábitat Potencial Útil (HPU) para peces fluviales a partir de modelos de simulación hidráulica [...]
- 6
- read
Monitoring and modelling instream wood in rivers
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, L. Burki, N. Galatioto, E. Bladé, C. Gamberini, W. Bertoldi, M. Stoffel

Ingenieurbiologie (2019). Vol. 19 (1), pp. 14-20

Abstract
During the past three years the WoodFlow project (2015-2019), funded by the Federal Office for the Environment) aimed to develop the knowledge and methods to analyse instream large wood dynamics and to mitigate potential wood-related hazards in Swiss rivers. This paper presents part of the relevant results related to the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of large wood transport, which was done by remote sensed monitoring and numerical modelling.
Abstract
During the past three years the WoodFlow project (2015-2019), funded by the Federal Office for the Environment) aimed to develop the knowledge and methods to analyse instream [...]
- 4
- read
Evaluación numérico-experimental del comportamiento histérico del coeficiente de rugosidad de los macrófitos
M. Sanz-Ramos, E. Bladé, D. Niñerola, A. Palau-Ibars

Ingeniería del agua (2018). Vol. 22 (3), pp. 109-124

Abstract
La problemática asociada al crecimiento masivo de macrófitos en el Bajo Ebro ha llevado a autoridades y gestores a examinar la posibilidad de paliar los efectos negativos que producen sobre el sistema hídrico, y los usos del agua, mediante la realización de avenidas controladas periódicas que provoquen su remoción. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el comportamiento hidráulico de los macrófitos mediante simulación numérica (modelo Iber) y su comparación con datos de campo, con el fin de explorar las mejores opciones posibles para diseñar avenidas controladas más eficaces. Para ello se han empleado diferentes relaciones entre el coeficiente de rugosidad y la altura de agua bajo tres enfoques distintos (constante, variable y variable con histéresis) a fin de calibrar el modelo numérico con los datos de campo. Se ha podido observar que el mejor ajuste se produce cuando dichas curvas son de tipo variable con histéresis (diferente rama de subida que de bajada).
Abstract
La problemática asociada al crecimiento masivo de macrófitos en el Bajo Ebro ha llevado a autoridades y gestores a examinar la posibilidad de paliar los efectos [...]
- 1
- read
Modelación numérica de flujo mixto en conductos cerrados con esquemas en volúmenes finitos
J. Aragón, E. Bladé

Tecnología y ciencias del agua (2017). Vol. VIII (3), pp. 127-142 (Preprint)

Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un modelo numérico para la simulación de flujo mixto (flujo en lámina libre y flujo en presión) en conductos cerrados a través de las ecuaciones de Saint Venant en una dimensión para flujo en lámina libre y con el método de la ranura de Preissmann para considerar el flujo en presión. Para la resolución de las ecuaciones se emplea el método de los volúmenes finitos con un esquema de alta resolución. El esquema utilizado es el método de Godunov con el Riemann solver de Roe de primer orden de precisión, más unas correcciones de segundo orden para obtener el esquema de alta resolución WAF-TVD. El flujo mixto es un fenómeno bastante común en colectores pluviales, túneles, tuberías de obras de toma de instalaciones hidroeléctricas, llenado/vaciado de tuberías, colectores de almacenamiento, etcétera. La entrada en carga en los conductos se puede generar desde el extremo aguas abajo, desde el extremo aguas arriba y por ambos extremos simultáneamente, siendo la primera la más común y, por lo tanto, la evaluada en este trabajo. Para demostrar la actuación del modelo, éste se aplica a un caso de referencia y a dos ensayos de laboratorio existentes en la literatura técnica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el modelo numérico es capaz de reproducir los experimentos con buena precisión. Con ello se demuestra que el modelo es idóneo para simular flujo en lámina libre en régimen lento, rápido y transcrítico (de lento a rápido y de rápido a lento), y flujo mixto.
Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un modelo numérico para la simulación de flujo mixto (flujo en lámina libre y flujo en presión) en conductos cerrados [...]
- 2
- read
IberWQ: new simulation tool for 2D water quality modelling in rivers and shallow estuaries
L. Cea, M. Bermudez, J. Puertas, E. Bladé, G. Corestein, E. Escolano, A. Conde, B. Bockelmann-Evans, R. Ahmadian

Journal of hydroinformatics (2016). Vol. 18 (5), pp. 816-830

Abstract
The model computes the spatial and temporal evolution of several species and variables which are relevant for the evaluation of the environmental status of rivers and estuaries, including: Escherichia coli, dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate–nitrite nitrogen, water temperature and salinity. A depth-averaged transport equation is solved for each variable with a mass conservative unstructured finite volume solver. IberWQ is fully coupled to the hydrodynamic module of the software Iber, a freeware simulation tool for solving the 2D shallow water equations. Both models are integrated in the same windows graphical environment, including several tools which allow the user to generate unstructured meshes adapted to the site topography, define spatially variable input parameters and visualize model outputs. We present four application examples to illustrate the possibilities of the software for the dynamic simulation of water quality in rivers and estuaries.
Abstract
The model computes the spatial and temporal evolution of several species and variables which are relevant for the evaluation of the environmental status of rivers and estuaries, [...]
- 6
- read
A simple and efficient unstructured finite volume scheme for solving the shallow water equations in overland flow applications
L. Cea, E. Bladé

Water Resources Research (2015). Vol. 51 (7), pp. 5464-5486

Abstract
This paper presents the Decoupled Hydrological Discretisation (DHD) scheme for solving the shallow water equations in hydrological applications involving surface runoff in rural and urban basins. The name of the scheme is motivated by the fact that the three equations which form the two-dimensional shallow water system are discretised independently from each other and thus, the numerical scheme is decoupled in a mathematical sense. Its main advantages compared to other classic finite volume schemes for the shallow water equations are its simplicity to code and the lower computational cost per time step. The validation of the scheme is presented in five test cases involving overland flow and rainfall-runoff transformation over topographies of different complexity. The scheme is compared to the finite volume scheme ofRoe [1986], to the simple inertia formulation [Bates et al., 2010], and to the diffusive wave model. The test cases show that the DHD scheme is able to compute subcritical and supercritical flows in rural and urban environments, and that in overland flow applications it gives similar results to the second order scheme of Roe with a lower computational cost. The results obtained with the simple inertia and diffusive wave models are very similar to those obtained with the DHD scheme in rural basins in which the bed friction and topography dominate the flow hydrodynamics but they deteriorate in typical urban configurations in which the presence of supercritical flow conditions and small scale patterns boost the relevance of the inertial terms in the momentum equations
Abstract
This paper presents the Decoupled Hydrological Discretisation (DHD) scheme for solving the shallow water equations in hydrological applications involving surface runoff in [...]
- 4
- read
Avances en el análisis del material leñoso en ríos: incorporación, transporte e influencia en el riesgo por inundaciones
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, A. Díez-Herrero, J. Bodoque, E. Bladé

Cuaternario y geomorfología (2015). Vol. 29 (3-4), pp. 7-33

Abstract
El transporte y depósito de restos de vegetación en los ríos (troncos o árboles completos, ramas y raíces, material leñoso en general) puede agravar las consecuencias de los eventos de avenida e inundación e incrementar su peligrosidad potencial. Este material puede afectar especialmente a infraestructuras como drenajes, puentes, etc., que intersectan ríos en cuencas montañosas forestadas. Una práctica muy extendida y aceptada hasta hace pocos años ha sido la extracción sistemática de este material leñoso de los cauces como medida de prevención. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que esta práctica puede resultar inútil (el material es transportado y depositado tras cada inundación), e incluso no beneficiosa para el equilibrio natural del sistema fluvial a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, es necesario gestionar la presencia del material leñoso en los ríos, e integrar su estudio en los análisis de peligrosidad y riesgo por inundación. Sin embargo, en España existen escasos trabajos en los que el material leñoso haya sido objetivo fundamental de estudio y, por tanto, tampoco existe demasiada bibliografía relacionada con esta temática. En este trabajo, se presenta una exhaustiva revisión de los principales métodos empleados para evaluar la peligrosidad de las avenidas e inundaciones que incorporan material leñoso. Asimismo, se propone una metodología integral para estudiar esta carga de detritos leñosos en ríos. En primer lugar, hay que caracterizar la dinámica de incorporación de este material a los cauces. Para ello, es necesario establecer las áreas contribuyentes que pueden aportar el material a los cursos de agua y los procesos que lo incorporan. De este modo, es posible estimar el volumen de madera potencialmente disponible, para lo cual se presenta un modelo numérico que permite la simulación del transporte de carga leñosa junto con la hidrodinámica. Asimismo, se analiza la incidencia de la carga flotante en la peligrosidad y el riesgo por inundaciones. Esta propuesta metodológica se ha puesto en práctica en diversos ríos de la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central), presentándose una síntesis de algunos de los resultados principales obtenidos. Como conclusión fundamental, se puede afirmar que una correcta gestión de los ríos requiere a su vez de una apropiada gestión de la vegetación de ribera y el material leñoso transportado y depositado en los mismos; y esta gestión debe encontrar el compromiso para mantener las buenas condiciones ecológicas, reduciendo en lo posible los potenciales riesgos
Abstract
El transporte y depósito de restos de vegetación en los ríos (troncos o árboles completos, ramas y raíces, material leñoso en general) [...]
- 1
- read
Large wood transport as significant influence on flood risk in a mountain village
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, J. Bodoque, A. Díez-Herrero, E. Bladé

Natural Hazards (2014). Vol. 74 (2), pp. 967-987

Abstract
An important issue that is not considered in most flood risk assessments in mountain villages in Spain is the transport of solids associated with the flood flow, in this case, large wood transport. The transport and deposition of this wood in urban areas may be a potentially worse hazard than the flood flow itself. Despite its importance, large wood is a key ecological element in rivers, so removing it could be an unsuccessful approach. Therefore, efforts are needed in the better understanding of wood transport and deposition in streams. To analyse this process, scenario-based 2D hydrodynamic flood modelling was carried out. Since flood risk assessment has considerable intrinsic uncertainty, probabilistic thinking was complemented by possibilistic thinking, considering worst-case scenarios. This procedure obtained a probabilistic flood map for a 500-year return period. Then, a series of scenarios was built based on wood budget to simulate wood transport and deposition. Results allowed us to identify the main infrastructures sensitive to the passing of large wood and simulate the consequences of their blockage due to wood. The potential damage was estimated as well as the preliminary social vulnerability for all scenarios (with and without wood transport). This work shows that wood transport and deposition during flooding may increase potential damage at critical stream configurations (bridges) by up to 50 % and the number of potentially exposed people nearby these areas by up to 35 %.
Abstract
An important issue that is not considered in most flood risk assessments in mountain villages in Spain is the transport of solids associated with the flood flow, in this case, [...]
- 2
- read
Modelización numérica de zonas fluviales inundables
E. Bladé, L. Cea, G. Corestein

Ingeniería del agua (2014). Vol. 18 (1), pp. 71-82

Abstract
La modelización numérica del flujo de agua en ríos es una herramienta que ayuda a dar respuesta a la legislación vigente europea y española referida a riesgo de inundación. Los modelos numéricos disponibles actualmente se encuentran en constante evolución. Mientras hace una década la modelización unidimensional era prácticamente la única alternativa, en el presente se han generalizado los modelos bidimensionales y se empiezan a utilizar los tridimensionales. Gracias a las actuales herramientas SIG, los resultados de la modelización numérica se pueden combinar con datos georreferenciados para realizar una cuantificación sistemática del riesgo de inundación. En este proceso existen aún una serie de desafíos como la consideración de los caudales sólidos y sus efectos en la morfología del cauce, una correcta descripción del flujo en puentes y estructuras, la integración de modelos hidrológicos con los modelos hidráulicos para una mejor consideración de las condiciones de contorno, y finalmente la optimización de las herramientas para disminuir los tiempos de cálculo actuales.
Abstract
La modelización numérica del flujo de agua en ríos es una herramienta que ayuda a dar respuesta a la legislación vigente europea y española [...]
- 5
- read
Two dimensional modelling of large wood transport during flash floods
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, E. Bladé, A. Díaz-Herrero, J. Bodoque, M. Sánchez-Juny

Earth surface processes and landforms (2014). Vol. 39 (4), pp. 438-449

Abstract
Large woody material (LW) transported by rivers may be entrapped at critical stream geometry configurations (e.g. bridges) and therefore dramatically increase the destructive power of floods. This was the case in a Spanish mountain river where a flood event with a high degree of LW transport took place in 1997. The aim of this study was to simulate a bridge clogging process and reconstruct the wood deposit patterns, modelling individual pieces of wood moving with the water flow and interacting among them and with the bridge. A two dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the transport of LW and its effect on hydrodynamics. Different scenarios for the wood transport rate allowed us to study the influence of inlet boundary conditions on bridge clogging. For the studied event, the scenario which best reproduced the bridge clogging effect and flood characteristics was one in which 60% of the total wood entered before the peak discharge. This dropped to 30% at the peak itself, and finally fell to 10% during the recession curve. In addition, the accumulation patterns of LW along the reach were computed and compared with post-event field photographs, showing that the model succeeded in predicting the deposition patterns of wood and those areas prone to form wood jams.
Abstract
Large woody material (LW) transported by rivers may be entrapped at critical stream geometry configurations (e.g. bridges) and therefore dramatically increase the destructive [...]
- 2
- read
Large wood in rivers and its Influence on flood hazard
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, A. Díez-Herrero, J. Bodoque, E. Bladé

Cuadernos de investigación geográfica (2014). Vol. 40 (1), pp. 229-246

Abstract
In terms of flood hazard, the presence of large wood (logs, trees, branches and roots) in rivers may aggravate the consequences of flood events. This material may affect infrastructures such as bridges, weirs, etc., especially those intersecting forested mountain rivers. Until recently, a widely accepted practice was to systematically remove wood debris from river channels as a preventive measure. However, studies have shown that this practice may be useless as the material is transported and deposited after each flood and may even not benefit the long term natural balance of the river ecosystem. Therefore, the presence of this woody material in rivers must be managed and included in flood hazard and risk analysis. In this paper we present a comprehensive methodological approach to study the role of large wood in rivers, with a focus on flood hazard. First, to understand the dynamics of wood recruitment, the contributing areas delivering wood to the streams have to be delineated and the recruitment mechanisms studied. Thus, an estimate can be obtained of the potential volume of deliverable wood. To analyse wood transport we present a numerical model, which allows simulates the behaviour of individual pieces of wood together with hydrodynamics. Finally, we analyse the impact of wood on the magnitude of flood events (in terms of water level, flow velocity or flooded areas), using as an example a flood which occurred in December 1997 in the Sierra de Gredos. The results allowed us to reproduce the wood deposit patterns during the event and to reconstruct the bridge blockage. This caused the upstream water level to rise by up to 2 meters and reduced the flow velocity, which favoured debris and sediment deposits. Consequently, the effects of flooding were equivalent to those of a greater magnitude event. This increase in the flood hazard has been numerically quantified.
Abstract
In terms of flood hazard, the presence of large wood (logs, trees, branches and roots) in rivers may aggravate the consequences of flood events. This material may affect infrastructures [...]
- 2
- read
Correlación de parámetros geotécnicos con parámetros de un modelo hidrológico superficial
C. Caro, E. Bladé, N. Rojas

Ingenio Magno (2013). Vol. 4, pp. 76-86

Abstract
Este artículo presenta la relación entre parámetros geotécnicos básicos y parámetros del modelo hidrológico de Thomas para balance hídrico de cuencas hidrográficas rurales. Esta relación funciona como una aplicación metodológica de calibración, herramienta útil en modelos distribuidos como es el caso de IBER, que representa un sistema distribuido de simulación numérica para flujo no permanente en lámina libre. Se realizó una exploración en 25 puntos (en 15 subcuencas) de la cuenca de Rio de Piedras (Boyacá), obteniendo muestras de suelo a las cuales se les realizó caracterización geotécnica mediante ensayos de laboratorio.
Abstract
Este artículo presenta la relación entre parámetros geotécnicos básicos y parámetros del modelo hidrológico de Thomas para [...]
- 6
- read
Modelo de transferencia vertical dentro de un modelo hidrológico continuo en un esquema de volúmenes finitos
C. Caro, E. Bladé, P. Acosto

L'esprit ingeniuex (2012). Vol. 3 (1), pp. 144-154

Abstract
Tomando como base modelos actuales en hidrología, y de acuerdo a las características y a la base del modelo IBER (modelo matemático bidimensional para la simulación de flujos en ríos y estuarios), se ha ajustado el esquema preliminar de lo que será el componente HMC (Modelo Hidrológico Continuo) del modelo IBER, adaptando condiciones de subsuelo y zona subterránea de manera continua al modelo hidrológico basado en esquemas de volúmenes finitos. El modelo escribe el paso del agua desde su estado como precipitación, pasando por el encharcamiento y flujo superficial, hasta el componente que viaja por infiltración y vía subterránea a través de los acuíferos y zonas de retorno de flujo a zonas superficiales, todo mediante una modelización que tiene como base la solución explícita de ecuaciones que trabajan celda a celda en un esquema de volúmenes finitos
Abstract
Tomando como base modelos actuales en hidrología, y de acuerdo a las características y a la base del modelo IBER (modelo matemático bidimensional para [...]
- 3
- read

show more

information

About this publication

How to submit

Open access

Contact

Numerical modeling of magma withdrawal during explosive caldera-forming eruptions

Estudio de la distribución transitoria del gas en redes urbanas por el método de los elementos finitos

The backwater effect as a tool to assess formative long-term flood regimes

Evaluation of two hydrometeorological ensemble strategies for flash-flood forecasting over a catchment of the eastern Pyrenees

Las ecuaciones de Saint Venant para la modelización de avalanchas de nieve densa

Hydrodynamic determination of the kinematic viscosity of waste brines

Characterization of wood-laden flows in rivers

IberHABITAT: evaluación de la Idoneidad del Hábitat Físico y del Hábitat Potencial Útil para peces. Aplicación en el río Eume

Monitoring and modelling instream wood in rivers

Evaluación numérico-experimental del comportamiento histérico del coeficiente de rugosidad de los macrófitos

Modelación numérica de flujo mixto en conductos cerrados con esquemas en volúmenes finitos

IberWQ: new simulation tool for 2D water quality modelling in rivers and shallow estuaries

A simple and efficient unstructured finite volume scheme for solving the shallow water equations in overland flow applications

Avances en el análisis del material leñoso en ríos: incorporación, transporte e influencia en el riesgo por inundaciones

Large wood transport as significant influence on flood risk in a mountain village

Modelización numérica de zonas fluviales inundables

Two dimensional modelling of large wood transport during flash floods

Large wood in rivers and its Influence on flood hazard

Correlación de parámetros geotécnicos con parámetros de un modelo hidrológico superficial

Modelo de transferencia vertical dentro de un modelo hidrológico continuo en un esquema de volúmenes finitos

information

Sign up at Scipedia and complete your profile

Click on "CREATE A DOCUMENT" in your profile page

Upload your manuscript in LaTeX or Word, or create it from scratch with our online editor

Click on "SUBMIT FOR PUBLICATION" at the manuscript page, and select your preferred journal or collection

Click on "SUBMIT FOR PUBLICATION" at the manuscript page, select your preferred collection and complete the submission form

The editorial board will ensure that the publishing requirements are adhered to, before your paper is published