Documents published in 2023 : Scipedia

Monitoring Steel Rebar Corrosion-induced Cracking in ECC Cover byDOFS
E. Chen, H. Ye, S. Zhang

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Steel corrosion is the main threat to the durability of concrete structures, and the cracking or spalling of concrete cover caused by the expansion of corroded steel can largely accelerate the deterioration process. Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), as one type of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites with high tensile ductility and excellent ability of crack width control, have a great potential to be able to improve the durability of structures under corrosive environment. Nevertheless, corrosion of steel rebar may still happen in ECC if aggressive agents depassivate the rebar; therefore, the relationship between the corrosion level and cracking degree in ECC cover is essential for accurately estimating the corrosion condition as well as service life of steel reinforced ECC structures. This study investigates the cracking process of ECC under accelerated steel corrosion implemented by impressed current, during which the distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) were employed both on the steel rebar surface and surface of ECC specimens to monitor the internal strain and surface strain generated by the corrosion expansion. The results show that DOFS provide an effective non-destructive tool for detecting the corrosion of steel rebar at early stage when the surface cracks in ECC are not visible.
Abstract
Steel corrosion is the main threat to the durability of concrete structures, and the cracking or spalling of concrete cover caused by the expansion of corroded steel can largely [...]
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Evaluation of Alteration in Cement Paste Due to Calcium Leaching withIntegrated CT-XRD Method and Its Effect on Ionic Diffusions
Y. Tan, T. Sugiyama, K. Hashimoto

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
In 2011, Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and they lead to Fukushima nuclear disaster. For more than a decade after the disaster, concrete materials in submerged structures of nuclear power plants have been chronically in contact with water and resulted in calcium leaching. To assess the alteration of the concrete property, it’s necessary to evaluate the permeability change due to calcium leaching and its effect on radioactive ion diffusion. In this study, small scale cylindrical cement paste specimens with 3mm in diameter and 6mm in height were prepared with water to cement ratios of 0.5 and 0.6 respectively, and they were tested in the static leaching. Specimens were subjected to carbonation before immersed into deionized water for different periods. CT image of each specimen at a resolution of 2.46μm/voxel was acquired in SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan. Combining CT images and X-ray diffraction data, dissolution front of portlandite under different leaching periods was determined, and the time dependent development law of dissolution front was evaluated. Introducing Buil’s model as a local equilibrium, time and position dependent porosity of cement paste due to leaching was calculated and correspondingly diffusion coefficient of Sr ion in the numerical simulation was modified. Simulative results on Sr ion diffusivity for 10-year showed the impact of carbonation followed by leaching on radioactive ion diffusion.
Abstract
In 2011, Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and they lead to Fukushima nuclear disaster. For more than a decade after the [...]
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Evaluating the Corrosion Level of Bare Steel Bars with Pitting Corrosionby DOFS
S. Zhang, Y. Li

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Steel corrosion is one of the main causes of the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Localized pitting corrosion of rebar is particularly harmful, as it can severely damage mechanical properties of steel rebar including both the load and deformation capacities. Moreover, unlike uniform corrosion which can give a warning by causing extensive longitudinal cracking, pitting corrosion is often more hidden with the absence of obvious corrosion cracks. Traditional non-destructive methods based on electrochemistry may encounter large errors when estimating the pitting corrosion level in concrete; as a result, more effective methods/tools are in necessity for a timely and accurate detection of localized pitting corrosion. This study investigates the ability of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) to measure pitting corrosion of steel bars, which is based on the principle that pitting corrosion causes strain localization of steel bar under tension and DOFS enable to capture the strain distribution with high spatial resolution. DOFS were attached on bare steel bars, which have mechanical notches to simulate corrosion pits, to measure the strain distribution along the notched bars under direct tension. Through experiments, the present study explores the possibility of attaching DOFS on the surface of a steel bar to monitor its pitting corrosion, and the positive results are of interest to the development of non-destructive detection method of steel pitting corrosion in concrete structures. Further quantitative analysis is required to find the correlations between the strain distribution along the notched bars and notch geometries, so that the pitting corrosion level could be assessed from the monitored DOFS strains of rebar.
Abstract
Steel corrosion is one of the main causes of the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Localized pitting corrosion of rebar is particularly harmful, as it can severely [...]
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Research on the Corrosion Behavior and Cathodic Protection of Defected-Epoxy-coated Reinforcement Exposed to Chloride Environment
D. Zhang, G. Liu, Z. Fan

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The application of epoxy coated rebar (ECR) is an effective method to improve the durability of reinforcement in chloride environment. However, the coating defects caused in construction will significantly decrease its corrosion resistance to chloride. Herein, the corrosion behaviors of different defects rate in ECR under chloride attack in South China are investigated. The results indicate that the corrosion of ECR is due to the coating defects, the corrosion potentials of defected-ECR are shifted to negative, and the corrosion current density is significantly increased with increasing the defect rate. The corrosion resistance of defected-ECR is improved by applying the anode-mortar cathodic protection system, both the exposure test and engineering application all show that the durability of defected-ECR is increased with the high polarization potential (≥ 200mV) and negative protection potential (＜-800 mV).
Abstract
The application of epoxy coated rebar (ECR) is an effective method to improve the durability of reinforcement in chloride environment. However, the coating defects caused [...]
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Hygrothermal Behaviour of Non-traditional Mortars and ConcretesEva Barreira1, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida1,2 and Margarida Pais
E. Barreira, R. Almeida, M. Pais

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
In 2015, the European Commission adopted a Circular Economy Action Plan to stimulate the transition of European countries towards the circular economy. In the 2030 Agenda, which includes the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations has also defined targets to be implemented by the construction sector based on circular economy concepts. In this context, the importance of directing the development of the construction sector towards sustainable solutions to address the challenges of energy consumption, climate change, resource reduction and waste production is undeniable. Waste incorporation in thermal mortars is already under study by several authors. Among the possibilities of producing sustainable mortars, the reduction of natural aggregates in their preparation, such as sand, or of binders, such as cement, stands out. The incorporation of residual materials in mortars is, therefore, a possible alternative to guarantee more sustainable solutions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hygrothermal behaviour of non-traditional mortars and concretes, such as fibre-reinforced mortar (P1); sprayable thermal insulation mortar (P2); mortar with granulated cork (P3); concrete with expanded clay (P4); concrete with metallic fibres (P5); cement mortar with construction and demolition waste (P6). The thermal conductivity of these materials, with different moisture contents, from totally dry to saturated after 24 hours of total immersion was determined. The results showed that the thermal conductivity values of the dry materials were similar to those found in the literature. After the 24 hours of humidification, there was, as expected, an increase in mass, with a minimum of 2% for specimen P3 and a maximum of 51% for specimen P2. Regarding the thermal conductivity, there was also an increase in its value for higher moisture contents, being that increase more relevant in specimen P2, with a variation of 294%, and less relevant in specimen P5, with a variation of 18%.
Abstract
In 2015, the European Commission adopted a Circular Economy Action Plan to stimulate the transition of European countries towards the circular economy. In the 2030 Agenda, [...]
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Experimental Study on Macro-performance of Long-age HydraulicConcrete Based on High Temperature Accelerated Curing
Z. Li, Y. Huang, Z. Liao

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
In view of time-consuming and expensive for the long-age mechanical property test of hydraulic concrete, the change rule for the mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete with long-age is still unclear. Based on the equivalent age theory, the high-temperature curing method was employed to accelerate test. First, the macro-mechanical properties tests of hydraulic concrete at different curing ages (90d, 180d, 1a, 2a, 3a) and different fly ash contents (0%, 15%, 35%) were designed and carried out. Then the change rule of mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete at long-age were analyzed. In addition, the macro test results of concrete core specimen of a gravity dam which has been operated more than 40 years were adopted to feedback the above test results. The research results showed that the fly ash content had a significant influence on the activation energy Ea of hydraulic concrete. To reach the same hydration degree of design long-age, the curing time increased with the increasing of fly ash content. Within the curing age of 3a, the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete increased with the increasing of curing age. The strength values of cement concrete and concrete with 15% fly ash content were close to each other, while the strength values of concrete with 35% fly ash content were smaller than the cement concrete and concrete with 15% fly ash content. The consistency and reliability of the rule that the concrete strength continues to increase with age was further verified by combining the macroscopic test results and the strength growth rate calculation results of a gravity dam concrete core specimen that had been in service for more than 40 years.
Abstract
In view of time-consuming and expensive for the long-age mechanical property test of hydraulic concrete, the change rule for the mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete [...]
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Evaluating the Energy and Mechanical Properties of CSH/nano-CC Interface: An Atomic Investigation
R. Wen, Q. Zeng, B. Gao

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Carbonation of concrete generally leads to decalcification of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and generation of calcium carbonate (CC), however, the structure and mechanical properties of CSHCC nano composites are far from being fully addressed. The CC formed by CSH carbonization mainly has three polymorphs, including calcite, vaterite and aragonite. Although different polymorphs have the same chemical composition, they belong to different crystal systems and have completely different unit cell structures. In this paper, the CSH and three polymorphs nano-CC are constructed at the atomic level, and the interface properties between them are explored by reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show the greater interfacial bonding energy, the better the mechanical properties of the CSH-CC composite. Moreover, interface transition region (ITR) emerges between CSH and CC polymorphs, and the ITR thickness is different. The atomic structure in ITR is different from that in the middle region, the former is more disorderly and the coordination number in ITR is significantly reduced, thus showing a metastable state. The findings would deepen the mechanistic understanding of interface properties between CSH and nano-CC.
Abstract
Carbonation of concrete generally leads to decalcification of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and generation of calcium carbonate (CC), however, the structure and mechanical [...]
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Damage Process Assessment of Mortar Samples under Freeze-thaw Cycleswith Micro-CT and Expansion Measurements
J. Xi, Y. Takahashi, Y. Kawabata

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the relationship between 3- dimensional crack development and mechanical degradation during Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC). An FTC test was designed in this study to relate the micro-scale crack patterns to the macro-scale expansion and mechanical property deterioration at different FTC damage levels. Mortar specimens with waterto-cement (w/c) ratios of 50% and 75% were cast in two sizes (i.e., Ø5×10 cm, Ø2×2.5 cm) and were subjected to FTCs. For Ø5×10 cm specimens, strain in the center part of the specimens were monitored by embedded mold gauges and compression tests were conducted at different expansion levels. For Ø2×2.5 cm specimens, X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and compression tests were conducted after different FTC durations. By comparing the test results of these two groups of specimens, the expansion, mechanical degradation, and development of micro-cracks in the mortar specimens during the FTC damage process were correlated. It is indicated that with similar mechanical reduction, the damage pattern differs in two w/c cases. This research provides a test method for investigating internal swelling damage and proposes the direction for further improvement of FTC simulation model.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the relationship between 3- dimensional crack development and mechanical degradation during Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC). [...]
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The impact of crises on the sustainable development of regions: foreign empirical evidence
V. Barinova, K. Demidova, P. Levakov, F. Petrosyan

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 187

Abstract
The current frequency of crises and the increasing risks to the sustainable development of regions around the world create a need for significant research on this issue. The relevance of the proposed work lies in the high degree of importance of the concept of sustainable development for Russia and the entire world community. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the presentation of the most detailed analysis of current foreign studies on the impact of crisis phenomena on the sustainable development of regions - at the same time, various crises are considered, including the global financial crisis of 2008, the COVID19 pandemic, as well as natural disasters, humanitarian disasters, etc. In addition, a wide range of aspects of sustainable development are presented, which are subject to the influence of crisis phenomena. The purpose of this literature review is to present a wide range of approaches to managing risks to the sustainable development of regions caused by crisis phenomena. At the same time, the tasks set are to study the very concept of a crisis, analyze the theoretical approaches of schools of regional development, study aspects of sustainable development, as well as identify the impact of crisis phenomena on the sustainable development of regions and present sustainable regional strategies to combat crisis phenomena. The main research method is literature analysis. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that in foreign literature the impact of crises on regional sustainable development is considered from different perspectives. When analyzing one specific case, it is important to take into account the following variables: the scale of the crisis (local, global), the nature of the crisis (economic, political, environmental, social), the resilience of the region to the crisis, cultural and historical factors, social capital. Sustainable regional development is one of the processes that are affected by the crisis associated with the environmental, social, economic and even political component.
Abstract
The current frequency of crises and the increasing risks to the sustainable development of regions around the world create a need for significant research on this issue. The [...]
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Sensitivity of Capillary Absorption and Sorptivity to Water Retention, Permeability and Other Relevant Characteristics for Cement Mortars
Y. Zhang, F. Ren, C. Zhou

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Concrete materials and structures are neither totally saturated nor dry, making the efficient capillary absorption of water deserve much attention. Basically, absorption of water is a process of unsaturated permeation driven by capillary pressure. This dependence of capillary pressure on water content plays an essential role in predicting capillary absorption and thus calculating sorptivity, which is also affected by inherent permeability, tortuosity coefficient significantly. Considering the evolution of pore structure of cement-based materials (CBMs) upon wetting, the long-term absorption of water into mortars and sorptivity can be predicted. However, a few investigations have been done to understand the precision of measured sorptivity, which is tried numerically in this paper focusing on the influences of varying parameters including water retention characteristics, tortuosity parameter, inherent permeability and swelling time. Based on reported experimental data of two cement mortars, 100 curves of capillary absorption in 10 days are predicted with artificially random parameters. Both the first and secondary sorptivity are further calculated and evaluated with emphases on the coefficient of variation of sorptivity and its sensitivity to varying parameters. Water retention characteristics make certain contribution to the dispersion of both initial and secondary sorptivity. Sorptivity is also sensitive to the variations of porosity and tortuosity representing the heterogeneity of their pore structure. The swelling time brings observable effects on the precision of secondary sorptivity only.
Abstract
Concrete materials and structures are neither totally saturated nor dry, making the efficient capillary absorption of water deserve much attention. Basically, absorption of [...]
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Application of Ultrasonic Computerized Tomography Technique to Detect the Internal Defects in Cement-based Mortar
Z. Li, K. Li, J. Wang, L. Li

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that ultrasonic technology provides a considerable detection approach while describing the internal fractures in concrete, which is a serious issue when evaluating the durability performance of cement-based materials. This paper aims to introduce the work which is concerned with the use of ultrasonic computerized tomography (UCT) technique to evaluate the micro-cracks inside mortar. The result shows that UCT is a relatively promising method which is capable of imaging the positions of tiny cracks and local damage, moreover, the application of X-ray computerized tomography (XCT) also verifies the accuracy and reliability of UCT. Effective evaluating the internal cracks depends on the detection of attenuation of ultrasonic signals that perpendicular to internal cracks, furthermore, ultrasonic technology is more likely to detect the crack with larger surface of damage, but not sensitive to local fracture.
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that ultrasonic technology provides a considerable detection approach while describing the internal fractures in concrete, which is a serious issue [...]
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Experimental Evaluation of Flexural Strength and Ductility of One-Way Concrete Slab Panels Reinforced with Welded Wires and Deformed Bars
M. Mahdi, F. Ahmed, I. Ahmed, N. Islam

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
This study evaluates the flexural strength and ductility of one-way concrete slab panels reinforced with deformed bar and welded wire under the application of pure bending. An experimental database of flexural strength and ductility for a set of three slab panels reinforced with 10 mm deformed bar, three panels with 6 mm welded wire reinforcement (WWR), and three panels with 8 mm WWR has been developed, with each slab panel having a dimension of 762 mm by 2286 mm. The deflection and ductility factors of the specimens are investigated. The results show that the slab panels reinforced with 6 mm WWR exhibit less vertical deflection at fracture in comparison to those with 8 mm WWR. Welded wire reinforced slab panels demonstrated uniformly distributed crack propagation in comparison to deformed bars. In addition, the slab panels with 8 mm WWR exhibit higher flexural strength than the 6 mm WWR reinforced panels. The 10 mm deformed bar-reinforced slab panels exhibited greater deflection at fracture compared to WWR specimens. The reason for the lower ductile behavior of slab panels with 6 mm WWR is due to the fact that 6 mm WWR, produced locally in Bangladesh, is manufactured by the cold-drawn method and has a lower ductility in compliance with BDS ISO 6935 Class A, which does not conform to ASTM A1064. Both 8 mm WWR and 10 mm deformed bars conform to BDS ISO 6935 Class D and ASTM A1064. Hence, the 6 mm WWR with Class A ductility is not recommended for reinforced concrete (RC) slab panels based on the experimental results conducted in this study, whereas the 8 mm WWR and the 10 mm deformed bar with Class D ductility are suitable for structural use as recommended in ACI 318.
Abstract
This study evaluates the flexural strength and ductility of one-way concrete slab panels reinforced with deformed bar and welded wire under the application of pure bending. [...]
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Pitfalls in Using Electrical Conductivity to Monitor the Chloride Ingress of Concrete
L. Huang, L. Tang, Z. Yang

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Chloride ingress in the field structure is influenced by many factors. A non-destructive monitoring is a useful tool for assessing the health of reinforced structures. This study used array sensors to measure the temperature and electrical conductivity of concrete at depths from 10 mm to 140 mm. The electrical conductivity in concrete showed a continuous decrease during the exposure to 3% NaCl solution. A numerical modelling of multi-ion species migration in pore solution can explain the evolution of conductivity profile over exposing time. By comparing with several previous investigations, this study identified the pitfalls in using electrical conductivity or resistivity to monitor the chloride ingress in the exposed concrete. To obtain a correct information from the electrical monitoring system, the experimental and analysing process should consider the saturation degree of concrete, the hydration induced structure change, the leaching of ions, the ingress of chloride and composition of binders.
Abstract
Chloride ingress in the field structure is influenced by many factors. A non-destructive monitoring is a useful tool for assessing the health of reinforced structures. This [...]
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Corrosion Mechanisms of Reinforced Alkali-Activated Concrete
F. Zhang, S. Yang

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Alkali-activated concrete (AAC), which exhibits good mechanical strength and chemical resistance properties, has attracted emerging interest from the research perspective considering the sustainable development of construction materials. However, the corrosion mechanism at the steel-AAC interface is not yet well understood including the physical and chemical aspects, which leads to different accumulation and evaluation of corrosion products, compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. In this paper, concrete pull-out test and electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the bond-slip behaviour and the evolution of deterioration of AAC respectively. In addition, the current guidance of corrosion evaluation used for OPC concrete based on ASTM C876 is not suitable for AAC. Five mixed ratios of blended fly ash and slag AAC were investigated under two chloride environments and one non-chloride environment, i.e., (1) 3.5% NaCl salt fog spray in the environmental chamber; (2) 3.5% NaCl saltwater immersion; (3) tap water immersion. Electrochemical techniques include half-cell potential, linear polarization resistance and Tafel extrapolation method were used to determine the corrosion rate. The electrochemical results are validated through the comparison of the gravimetric loss of steel after corrosion and electrochemical loss from calculation.
Abstract
Alkali-activated concrete (AAC), which exhibits good mechanical strength and chemical resistance properties, has attracted emerging interest from the research perspective [...]
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Effect of Moisture History on ASR Expansion and Microstructural Properties
O. Olajide, M. Nokken, L. Sanchez

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Alkali Silica reaction has been a great menace to the durability of concrete infrastructure since its discovery. The mechanism is caused by the reaction between poorly crystallized silica and alkalis in the presence of sufficient amount of water. Just as water plays a critical role in several durability challenges in concrete, the limitation of moisture has been prominently used as a technique for the maintenance of ASR affected structures. The variation in moisture condition to which structures are exposed could lead to alternate wet and dry regimes. Drying aids the mitigation of the reaction, however, the cyclic phenomenon can modify the kinetics of the reaction and exercebate inner damage. This paper focuses on the development of the reaction over an alternate wetting and drying cycle involving aggregates of different levels of reactivity. The influence of the moisture history on the microscopic features were appraised using the damage rating index. The kinetics of the reaction and ASR induced deterioration in specimens undergoing cycles of wet and dry conditions differ when compared to those stored at constant moisture. Furthermore, ASR induced expansion and petrographic features are influenced by the difference in the reactivity level of aggregates.
Abstract
Alkali Silica reaction has been a great menace to the durability of concrete infrastructure since its discovery. The mechanism is caused by the reaction between poorly crystallized [...]
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Comparison Between Parameters of Corrosion, Obtained by Destructive and Non-destructive Electrochemical Techniques
C. Alves, A. Oliveira, T. Cardoso, O. Cascudo

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
This research aims to compare corrosion parameters obtained by linear polarization technique and Tafel extrapolation method in steel bars embedded in concrete. It was analyzing the intervention of mineral additions, such as metakaolin (10%) in binary concrete mixtures and silica fume (9% ) and nano silica (1%) in ternary concrete mixtures of water/binder ratio of 0.4 and 0.6 after induction of corrosion by wetting and drying cycles in a solution containing chlorides. Thus, the corrosion potential (Ecorr), polarization resistance (Rp) and corrosion rate (icorr) were measured. As a main result, a good correlation (R² of 0.82 and 0.96) was obtained with the values of polarization resistance (Rp) and corrosion rate (icorr), obtained by Rp and by Tafel slope, respectively. Binary and ternary concretes mixtures showed higher performance than reference concretes. Reference concrete with w/ratio of 0.6 showed a high corrosion rate.
Abstract
This research aims to compare corrosion parameters obtained by linear polarization technique and Tafel extrapolation method in steel bars embedded in concrete. It was analyzing [...]
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Durability of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Temperature Cycles: Insight from Multiscale Thermomechanical Analysis
B. Pichler

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
This document refers to thermal expansion of cementitious materials and to related thermal stresses activated in samples of concrete as well as in unreinforced and reinforced concrete structures. It provides an overview of multiscale research which was carried at the Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with Tongji University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. The overview starts with the nanoscopic origin of the thermal expansion behavior of cement paste, which is triggered by the heating-induced release and the cooling-induced uptake of water by calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H). Temperature changes lead to thermal strains. Thermal stresses are activated provided that the thermal strains are constrained. Such constraints prevail at microstructural scales of concrete as well as at cross-sectional and macrostructural scales of unreinforced and reinforced concrete structures such as beams, plates, and frames. Diurnal temperature changes result in daily cycles of self-equilibrated thermal stresses. They represent a considerable loading for interfacial transition zones (ITZs) separating the aggregates from the cement paste matrix. Extreme events such as sudden hail showers or moderate fires are very likely to result in thermal cracking, at least in the microscopic region of the ITZ, but frequently also at the larger scale of concrete.
Abstract
This document refers to thermal expansion of cementitious materials and to related thermal stresses activated in samples of concrete as well as in unreinforced and reinforced [...]
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Influence of Coarse Aggregate Grade on Air Void Structure of Air-entrained Concrete
Q. Liu, J. Kong

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Air void structure has always been a key factor affecting the frost resistance of concrete. The refinement of air void structure mainly comes from the extrusion of slurry and the cutting of aggregates. However, there is no systematic theory on the influence of aggregate on air void structure. In this paper, the effects of different coarse aggregate grades on the concrete air void structure were studied. The fractal dimension D value was used to represent the coarse aggregate gradation. In the range of coarse aggregate particle size between 4.75-26.5 mm, D=2.1, D=2.3, D=2.5, D=2.7 were selected as the experimental group, and single-graded coarse aggregate of 4.75 and 26.5 mm were selected as the control group, with a total of six test groups. By means of an air content tester, Rapid Air, freeze-thaw durability test and other measurements, the air content, air void structure, freeze-thaw durability and other performance parameters were measured. The differences in air void structure parameters of specimens, such as air content, spacing factor and the number of bubbles were compared to obtain the relationship between the coarse aggregate grading and air void structure. Further analysis of its influence on frost resistance can provide a reference for scientific research and engineering application of concrete air void structure.
Abstract
Air void structure has always been a key factor affecting the frost resistance of concrete. The refinement of air void structure mainly comes from the extrusion of slurry [...]
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Efficiency Evaluation of Metakaolins for Use in Concrete
H. Carasek, P. Passos, O. Cascudo

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The use of metakaolins has been shown to be effective in modifying the properties of cementitious materials related to durability, highlighting the very positive impact in terms of increasing the electrical resistivity of concrete and reducing ionic transport in this porous medium. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the efficiency of different metakaolins in terms of pozzolanic activity, linking the efficiency to various characteristics of the metakaolin. Five samples of different Brazilian commercial metakaolins were then characterized, using the following methods: BET specific surface area, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TA/DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and determination of pozzolanic activity by the modified Chapèlle method. As the main results, it was found that the BET specific surface area and the Al2O3 content, obtained by XRF, better explain the pozzolanic activity of metakaolins (Pearson correlation coefficients equal to 0.89 and 0.94, respectively). The amorphous content (quantified by Rietveld in the XRD) showed only a reasonable correlation with the pozzolanic activity determined by the modified Chapèlle method. In general, the chemical-mineralogical characteristics that indicate purity and amorphism of metakaolin, expressed by the Al2O3 content, Al2O3/SiO2 ratio, SiO2+Al2O3 sum, and amorphous content, represent important performance parameters of metakaolins. The specific surface area compensates for lower purity or chemical reactivity and significantly influences pozzolanic activity.
Abstract
The use of metakaolins has been shown to be effective in modifying the properties of cementitious materials related to durability, highlighting the very positive impact in [...]
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Reinforced Concretes of Tomorrow: Corrosion Behaviour according to Exposure Classes
V. Bouteiller, E. Marie-Victoire, A. Bonnet, V. Da-Silva, L. Adelaïde, J. Billo, C. Da-Costa, M. Bouichou, J. Ducasse-Lapeyrusse, J. Mai-Nhu, P. Barthélémy, P. Turcry, F. Cussigh, S. Chanut

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Reinforced concrete is the most widely used building material but its durability in terms of concrete cover performance and corrosion of steel rebar is still a key point to be studied. To address this topic, within the frame of the national project PERFDUB, two series of eleven reinforced concrete specimens (with metric dimensions) were cast with innovative concrete mixes representative of the French experience, two shapes of rebar and two concrete covers. Then, these specimens were exposed in two natural exposure sites, one in Epernon for carbonation (XC4) and a second one in La Rochelle in the Atlantic Ocean in a tidal zone for chloride ions (XS3m). Their corrosion was carried out using non-destructive testing. In addition, in order to follow the corrosion evolution more accurately in a continuous way, two series of three specimens were casted with embedded sensors and were exposed in two other outdoor sites in Marne-la-Vallée (XC4) and in Eqiom facility (XS3e). The first results of this 20-year project in terms of corrosion of these reinforced concrete specimens obtained with laboratory and field equipment and with monitoring are presented in this paper.
Abstract
Reinforced concrete is the most widely used building material but its durability in terms of concrete cover performance and corrosion of steel rebar is still a key point to [...]
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Hydrophobicity Mechanism of Cementitious Material Containing Carboxylic Acid Ammonium
H. Zhang, S. Mu, J. Cai, J. Hong

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Hydrophobic treatment of cement pastes is most effective way to resist the penetration of water with aggressive ions to improve durability of cement-based materials. In this paper, the mechanism of carboxylic acid ammonium salt integral additionon hydrophobicity of cement-based materials is analyzed. The effects of carboxylic acid ammonium salt on hydrophobicity, moisture diffusion and hydration products are investigated by experimental methods.The results of water vapor sorption isotherm show that the addition of carboxylic acid ammonium salt increases the pore volume. The simplified analytical hydrodynamic model of cone type pore and Young’s relationship is proposed to analyze the relation between characteristic parameters of pore and the permeability of cementitious materials. It can be concluded that the hydrophobicity results from the change of pore structure and the hydrophobic surface of cone region. These results provide the guidance to design the durability and develop the new hydrophobic agent used in cementitious material.
Abstract
Hydrophobic treatment of cement pastes is most effective way to resist the penetration of water with aggressive ions to improve durability of cement-based materials. In this [...]
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Accelerated Degradation of Coating-mortar Interface under UV Radiation in Presence of Water
Y. Dai, Q. Zeng

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The application of organic coatings is one of the most effective and economic methods to protect concrete structures from deterioration. However, organic coatings are prone to degradation under aggressive environmental actions, so the protective function may loss. While ultraviolet (UV) aging is often blamed for the degradation of organic coatings, water may play a more important role on the interfacial adhesion between the coatings and the substrate. To uncover the effect of water on the degradation performance of coating-substrate system, mortar samples coated with water-borne epoxy resin (WER) were exposed to three assigned environments, i.e., UV radiation, UV/water immersion, and UV/dry-wet cycle, up to 60 days. The surface appearance, chemical structure, wettability, and surface micro-morphology of the aged WER coatings were characterized via image process analysis, attenuated total reflectance flourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), static water contact angle, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results show that the UV/water immersion resulted in severest blistering on the WER-mortar interface, while the UV/wet-dry cycle caused the formation of micro-pinholes on the WER surface. In contrast, the UV radiation did not induce such severe aging. The data implied that water can accelerate the aging of WER-mortar system.
Abstract
The application of organic coatings is one of the most effective and economic methods to protect concrete structures from deterioration. However, organic coatings are prone [...]
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Accelerating Effect of Heating Treatment on the Damage of Cement Paste under Sulfate Attack
B. Ran, O. Metalssi, T. Fen-Chong, P. Dangla, K. Li

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The ettringite (AFt) formation and damage process are investigated for cement paste subjected to external sulfate attack with and without heating treatment during curing. Slice and disc specimens were exposed to 10 g/L Na2SO4 + pH of 13. The evolutions of AFt formation, pore structure, and expansion on slice specimens were characterized through 27Al NMR, MIP, and micrometer. The surface cracks on disc specimens were observed through an optical microscope. The experimental results show that: (1) heating treatment dissolves part of AFt and accelerates the ettringite formation and material expansion; and (2) heating treatment initiates the microcracks, thus promoting the material cracking.
Abstract
The ettringite (AFt) formation and damage process are investigated for cement paste subjected to external sulfate attack with and without heating treatment during curing. [...]
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Degradation of Cement Pastes Subjected to Combined Carbonation and Leaching
Q. Phung, L. Frederickx, N. Maes

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Carbonation and leaching are likely to be the primary concrete degradation mechanisms for concrete utilized in geological repositories when the concrete is fully saturated and in contact with host rock pore water containing increased CO2 content. This work describes the changes in the microstructure and transport properties of cement pastes caused by coupled chemical degradation processes that occur at the cement paste-clay interface. In the laboratory, an experimental program was designed to accelerate the interface interaction under carbonation and leaching by bringing highly porous cement pastes (to mimic backfill materials used in geological disposal) and Boom Clay into contact in either accelerated percolation or batch-type experiments. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was used to investigate the microstructural alteration. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and permeability, diffusion measurements were used to determine the evolution of chemical and transport properties, respectively. The results of the porosity change at the interface demonstrate an increase in porosity of the cement paste interface due to Ca leaching, which overwhelms the carbonation. As a result, the transport properties increase. This suggests that clogging of the cementitious material side is unlikely.
Abstract
Carbonation and leaching are likely to be the primary concrete degradation mechanisms for concrete utilized in geological repositories when the concrete is fully saturated [...]
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Cement Degradation Caused Risks for Geological Carbon Sequestration Reservoirs
X. Shi, M. Wu

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), a process to capture and store CO2 in deep geologic formations, is considered an essential technique to reduce carbon emissions which are a main cause of global warming and climate change. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs are among the most appealing locations for GCS. However, the success of the strategy relies on the long-term integrity of the reservoirs, which is challenged by the carbonation reactions between the main reservoir sealing material, i.e., cement, and the stored CO2 and then the occurrence of fluid leakage. This work provides a concise review on the degradation of oil well cement and the interface between cement and casing/formation rock, with a special focus on the influence of different factors such as the curing, service conditions and contaminants. The mechanisms and the mitigation methods of the degradation process are also discussed. This work aims to summarise current research progress and identify some remaining challenges for future research.
Abstract
Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), a process to capture and store CO2 in deep geologic formations, is considered an essential technique to reduce carbon emissions which [...]
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Durability of GFRP and BFRP Bars in Sulfoaluminate Cement Concrete Made with Seawater and Sea Sand
T. Wang, A. Razaqpur

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Due to the large carbon footprint of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the rapid corrosion of steel rebars in certain environments, the search for greener, sustainable and more durable reinforced concrete structures is ongoing. In this study, the alkali resistance of basalt- and glass-fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP/GFRP) bars in sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) concrete made with seawater and sea sand is investigated for the first time. Production of SAC involves lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission compared to OPC while SAC concrete provides a lower pH environment, which favors the durability of FRP bars. Following ASTM D 7705-D7705M-12 Procedure A, the bars were immersed for three months in simulated pore solution of concrete made with SAC, river sand and fresh water, termed Solution A, and compared their durability to that of companion bars immersed in simulated pore solution of concrete made with SAC, seawater, and sea sand, termed Solution B. Both solutions had the same pH, and their temperature was maintained at 60℃ for the duration of the test. The post-immersion or retained tensile strength of GFRP bars in Solution A and B was 83.0% and 73.6%, respectively, while the corresponding values for the BFRP bars were 52.5% and 67.9%, respectively. It appears that due to the presence of sea salt, Solution B is less damaging to BFRP than Solution A while the opposite is true in the case of GFRP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results are utilized to explain the damage mechanisms. Based on image analysis, it is shown that the deteriorated zone within the bar cross-section is not a uniform ring, but its cross-sectional area correlates with the reduction in tensile strength.
Abstract
Due to the large carbon footprint of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the rapid corrosion of steel rebars in certain environments, the search for greener, sustainable and [...]
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Study of the Chemical Processes of Combined Sulfate-chloride Attack on Low-carbon Cementitious Materials
F. El Inaty, M. Marchetti, M. Quiertant, O. Omikrine-Metalssi

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
In marine environments, concrete structures are not only exposed to sulfate ions but also to chloride ones, from an early age. This leads to concrete expansion and cracking as well as steel reinforcements corrosion. However, the coupling effect of sulfate and chloride is still not widely studied. When addressed, some researchers showed that chloride ions mitigate the effect of sulfate while others concluded that it accelerates it and vice versa. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study is to observe both the combined and individual effects of chloride on sulfate attack. The second objective is to perceive the resistance of selected additives (fly ash, blast furnace slag, and metakaolin) to a combined attack. Then, powders of pure cement, binary, ternary, and quaternary blended pastes were immersed in sulfate, chloride, and sulfate-chloride solutions at an early age. Results of the characterization showed that the ettringite formation was delayed due to the presence of chloride. However, the presence of sulfate ions accelerated the chloride effect. The incorporation of more than one additive enhanced the samples’ durability.
Abstract
In marine environments, concrete structures are not only exposed to sulfate ions but also to chloride ones, from an early age. This leads to concrete expansion and cracking [...]
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Mineralogical Characterization of the Biodegradation of Sewage Cementitious Materials in the Presence of H2S
J. Ayoub, T. Pons, M. Guéguen Minerbe, M. Oliveira, M. Marchetti

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The biodegradation of cementitious materials in sewage systems is mainly due to the biotic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into sulfuric acid. It leads to a local and progressive dissolution of the cementitious matrix as well as the precipitation of some expansive products such as gypsum and ettringite. In such a context, this paper focuses on the characterization of the altered layers present on several types of cementitious materials (CEM I ordinary Portland cement, CEM III blast furnace cement, CEM V composite cement, and CAC: calcium aluminate cement). The studied samples are mortars exposed, to different H2S concentrations, for several years in a local sewage plant managed by the Interdepartmental Syndicate for the Sanitation of the Paris Agglomeration (SIAAP). Transversal crosssections of these mortars were first chemically characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in order to obtain elemental mapping. Additionally, to better understand the surface degradation and the appearance of mineral phases revealing the process, µ-Raman mappings were performed on the deteriorated zones at different time scales. Gypsum was observed on all samples. The analysis confirmed the greater resistance of CAC materials in such an environment than that of Portland cement-based materials.
Abstract
The biodegradation of cementitious materials in sewage systems is mainly due to the biotic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into sulfuric acid. It leads to a local and [...]
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Hysteretic and Scanning Behaviors of Water Vapor Sorption in Hardened Cement Pastes
Z. Wang, K. Li

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Water in the multiscale porous microstructure of cement-based materials is closely related to multiple deterioration processes, hence significantly influences the durability of concrete structures in atmospheric environment. Water vapor sorption is the key tool for characterizing the hygroscopic properties of cement-based materials, also a promising technique for exploring their nanopore structures. The significant hysteresis between different sorption branches is stemmed from the complexity of interconnecting pore system and concurrence of different physical phenomena. In this study, the hysteretic and scanning behaviors of water vapor sorption in hardened cement pastes are measured with a dynamic vapor sorption instrument, and investigated to provide new insights into the path-dependency of sorption behaviors on humidity history and resolve the overall sorption hysteresis into contributions from different phenomena.
Abstract
Water in the multiscale porous microstructure of cement-based materials is closely related to multiple deterioration processes, hence significantly influences the durability [...]
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Effect of Electric Field on the Degradation Process of Reinforced Mortar under Chloride and Sulfate Attack
X. Yu, S. Li, X. Chang, Y. Liao, D. Chen

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
This study investigated the degradation mechanism behind the reinforced mortar exposed to chloride, sulfate and electric field. The steel-mortar samples were exposed to 5% Na2SO4, 5% NaCl + 5% Na2SO4 solutions and deionized water in two regimes (full immersion and direct current electric field). The efficiencies of three current densities were compared as well. The total and free sulfate ion content in the mortar were measured. The microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted. The results indicated that the electric field drastically increased the ingress of sulfate, as well as the sulfate reaction. Meanwhile, the current attenuated the interaction between chloride and sulfate. The increase in current density decreased the efficiency of degradation acceleration. An acceleration factor (AF) was proposed based on the comparison between the number of ions in the mortar under electric field and immersion. Findings from this study are beneficial to develop a reliable acceleration method for the long-term performance of RC structures under chloride and sulfate attack.
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation mechanism behind the reinforced mortar exposed to chloride, sulfate and electric field. The steel-mortar samples were exposed to 5% [...]
- 1
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Dissolution Behaviour of Alkali-activated Fe-rich Non-ferrous Metallurgy Slag in Acetic Acid
N. Wen, V. Hallet, A. Peys, Y. Pontikes

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The application of Fe-rich non-ferrous metallurgy slag (NFS, within a FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system) in alkali-activated materials requires detailed information on the durability performance. The present study investigates the durability of alkali activated NFS (AA-NFS) exposed to acetic acid to simulate the attack of a concrete by organic acids present in animal manure or sewage systems. The dissolution behavior of NFS and alkali-activated NFS (AA-NFS) was assessed by immersing NFS and AA-NFS in a 3 wt. % acetic acid solution at a liquid to solid weight ratio of 1000. The dissolved ions in the acetic solution from NFS and AA-NFS were measured at different time intervals over 7 days. Through the comparison of NFS with AA-NFS, the dissolution behavior of unreacted slag and binder in AA-NFS could be evaluated separately, considering a calculated amount of 47.7 wt.% of unreacted slag was present in the AA-NFS. The results demonstrated that the binder dissolves slightly faster than slag in the first 4 hours. Over half of the dissolution rate of the Ca, Fe and Al in AA-NFS was due to binder. While for Si, 41% total dissolution rate in AA-NFS was from binder and the other 59% was from unreacted slag. After 7 days however, the dissolved fraction of slag was higher than binder. About 90% Ca, 79% Fe and 71% Al in slag was ended up in the acetic acid solution, which is higher than that in binder (74%, 62% and 56%, respectively). A significantly higher difference was found for the total dissolved fraction of Si in slag (86%) compared to that in binder (43%). The highly connected silicate network in the binder remains largely intact as silica gel, while due to the low connectivity of the silicate species in the slag the silicate dissolves after the other elements have left the structure. Overall these results suggest that Ca has the lowest dissolution resistance in binder, followed by Fe, Al and Si.
Abstract
The application of Fe-rich non-ferrous metallurgy slag (NFS, within a FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system) in alkali-activated materials requires detailed information on the durability [...]
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Thermal-Resistivity Characteristics of Carbon Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix
Y. Gong, J. Liu, J. Hong, D. Zhang

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The thermal-resistivity effect of the carbon fiber reinforced cement (CFRC) has been successfully applied to monitor the temperature of concrete structures. There are insufficient studies on the thermal-resistivity effect of the carbon fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (CFRCM). In this paper, the resistance change of CFRCM from room temperature to 120℃ and the thermal-resistivity characteristics during repeated heating have been studied. It was showed that during the heating process, with the continuous increasement of the carrier concentration, the specimen exhibited obvious negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effect, and a temperature rise of 10℃ lessened relative resistance change by about 0.4%. However, some carriers stayed in the conduction band after the first cooling. Then, the resistance cannot return to the original value, and the curves of subsequent heating processes had a good repeatability.
Abstract
The thermal-resistivity effect of the carbon fiber reinforced cement (CFRC) has been successfully applied to monitor the temperature of concrete structures. There are insufficient [...]
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Study on Shrinkage Properties of Repairing Mortar Modified by Basalt Fiber
S. Yang, P. Xu

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
In order to study the shrinkage properties of modified repairing mortar, an orthogonal experiment with four factors and three levels were proceeded. Nine specimens with four factors, i.e., silica powder, sodium silicate, basalt fiber and a U-type expansive agent, were used to measure the length change ratio. The results show that the shrinkage value of modified repairing mortars have been greatly reduced. Compared with the control specimen without any additives, the shrinkage value of the modified repairing mortar with the silica powder of 3 %, the sodium silicate of 1.0 %, the basalt fiber of 0.2 % and the U-type expansive agent of 10 % at 60d drops by 42.5%. Based on experimental results, the shrinkage prediction model of modified repairing mortar has been established. The model can be used to predict the shrinkage value of the modified repairing mortar with similar compositions.
Abstract
In order to study the shrinkage properties of modified repairing mortar, an orthogonal experiment with four factors and three levels were proceeded. Nine specimens with four [...]
- 1
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Experimental Study on Improvement of Interfacial Bond Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Matrix Composites by Nano Silica
J. Liu, J. Hong, Y. Gong, B. Yi, D. Zhang

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The fiber reinforcement efficiency of carbon fiber reinforced cement matrix composites (CFRCM) is limited by the low permeability of mortar to internal filaments in the fibers, leading to premature failure of the composites due to low bond strength. In this paper, three kinds of nano-silica materials were used to improve the bond properties of carbon fiber bundles to cement-based matrix by coating and electrophoretic deposition. It is found that different methods have different positive or negative effects on the improvement of bond properties, and the effects are different under different embedded lengths. The modification principle is due to the high impregnation of nano silica particles on the fibers and the reaction of volcanic ash of the particles, which promotes the formation of calcium silicate hydrate gel inside the fibers. Relevant research needs further exploration.
Abstract
The fiber reinforcement efficiency of carbon fiber reinforced cement matrix composites (CFRCM) is limited by the low permeability of mortar to internal filaments in the fibers, [...]
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Electrical Joule Heating and Early Strength of Mineral-impregnated Carbon Fibre Reinforcement (MCF)
W. Dong, M. Liebscher, B. Yang, J. Zhao, V. Mechtcherine

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Mineral-impregnated carbon fibre reinforcement (MCF) has attracted increasing attention due to its low-cost, easy manufacturing, high temperature and chloride resistance, when it replaces traditional steel reinforcement for concrete construction. Considering its excellent electrical conductivity, this paper investigates the effect of electrical Joule heating on the temperature increase, mechanical and microstructural characteristics of MCF. Different duration of electrical heating ranging from 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h to 8h had been explored. In addition, the effect of water spray treatment on the electrically heated MCF will be conducted. For the MCF reference without electrical heating, it is not hardened and the early flexural strength can’t be obtained. The temperature of MCF under the voltage of 15 V gradually increases to 100.5 °C and then keeps stable. The highest early flexural strength of MCF immediately tested after heating reached 290.8 MPa when the electrical heating time is 8h, and with the water spray treatment. Interestingly, the water spray treatment seems to benefit the strength development, with the less generated micro pores around the interfaces of carbon fibres to cement matrix. The results indicate that the rapid hardening MCF subjected to electrical heating can work as self-heating elements or rapid production and transportation of MCF for concrete structures.
Abstract
Mineral-impregnated carbon fibre reinforcement (MCF) has attracted increasing attention due to its low-cost, easy manufacturing, high temperature and chloride resistance, [...]
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Developing Multifunctional Ultra-High Performance Concrete via Incorporating Hybrid Steel Wires and Fibers
S. Dong, X. Wang, B. Han

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Stainless steel wires (SSWs) with micro diameter and stainless steel fiber (SFs) with millimeter diameter were incorporated together to develop multifunctional ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in this study. The addition of 0.2 vol.% of SSWs can already improve interface between matrix and SFs, reduce the microcracks in UHPC caused by shrinkage and initial load, increase SFs’ distribution and orientation with their high flexibility, thus enhancing the flexural toughness and resulting in the occurrence of multiple cracking flexural failure mode of UHPC with less than 2.0 vol.% SFs. The hybrid SWs and SFs reinforced UHPC possesses low electrical resistivity and can sense its initial cracking, residual flexural loading and cracking development by the measured fractional change in electrical resistivity. This is mainly coming from the inhibition effect of SWs on microcracks and the extensively conductive pathway formed by both SWs and SFs. The multiple cracking failure mode under flexural load and the self-sensing capacity to monitor crack initiation and propagation of UHPC with low content hybrid wires and fibers is important to develop multifunctional UHPC, thus providing a new approach for maintaining sustainable development of infrastructures.
Abstract
Stainless steel wires (SSWs) with micro diameter and stainless steel fiber (SFs) with millimeter diameter were incorporated together to develop multifunctional ultra-high [...]
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Study on Performance of Negative Temperature and High Strength Bed Mortar Material for Wind Power Engineering
L. Tongwei, Z. Jie, C. Guisheng, W. Linmao, Y. Maoqian

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
As the development process of affordable wind power projects accelerates, the height of tower hub shows a trend of development to 150m above. The technology of steel and concrete is widely applied. Bed mortar material, as the bonding material between precast concrete rings, is the key material to ensure the lifting speed of steel and concrete tower for wind power. In this study, the basic formula of negative temperature and high strength bed mortar material was explored, and its working performance and strength development under different curing conditions were further studied. The results show that the developed bed mortar material has excellent thixotropy and it is still operable at 50min. Under the condition of negative temperature curing, the early strength of bed mortar material is high, and the late strength develops well. Curing at ultra-low temperature of -15℃, the strength of -1d is 35.4MPa, and the strength of -7+21d is over 90MPa. In the outdoor natural curing environment of alternating positive and negative temperatures, the strength of 1d reaches 51.1MPa, the strength of 60d is 113.2MPa. The performance of bed mortar material far meets the requirements of the strength grade of 80MPa which is used in winter construction of wind power engineering.
Abstract
As the development process of affordable wind power projects accelerates, the height of tower hub shows a trend of development to 150m above. The technology of steel and concrete [...]
- 2
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Effect of Alkali-free Accelerator Containing Nano-silica on the Durability of Shotcrete
W. Liya, W. Kaiyu, C. Guisheng, Y. Maoqian, Y. Guangnuan

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The effect of nano-silica-containing alkali-free accelerator and ordinary alkali-free accelerator on the durability of C30 shotcrete was investigated by means of seepage resistance tests and frost resistance tests. The results show that under the same conditions, the C30 shotcrete with nanosilica-containing alkali-free accelerator has a lower electrical flux and a greater impermeability rating than P10. The C30 shotcrete with nano-silica-containing alkali-free accelerator maintains a mass loss rate of about 0.4% after 200 freeze-thaw cycles, a 10.5% decrease in relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, a compressive strength loss rate of less than 20%, the bubble spacing coefficient and the average bubble diameter increased by 20.9% and 60.5% respectively, showing good frost resistance performance. This indicates that alkali-free accelerator containing nano-silica can improve the durability of shotcrete. In addition, a comparison was also made between ordinary accelerator shotcrete with nano-silica, and when 5% nano-silica was added, the properties of shotcrete were comparable to those of 2% nano-silica alkali-free accelerator shotcrete.
Abstract
The effect of nano-silica-containing alkali-free accelerator and ordinary alkali-free accelerator on the durability of C30 shotcrete was investigated by means of seepage resistance [...]
- 1
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Combining Wood Protection Options to Enhance Resistance against Decay and Improve Fire Safety of Engineered Wood Products like CLT
J. Van Acker, W. Li, X. Jiang, M. Durimel, L. De Ligne, B. Parakhonskiy, A. Skirtach, J. Van den Bulcke

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Bio-based building products are considered key in our future socio-economic environment, since they are a very relevant nature-based solution (NbS) to climate change. The statement of President von der Leyen (European commission) to turn the construction sector into a carbon sink is critical in this respect: bio-based materials should be used on a larger and more targeted scale in the future. The long-term use of materials is therefore very important since we need to improve the lifespan of renewable materials to increase its carbon sink potential. Hence wood is increasingly considered as a main building material. Service life aspects are critical in relation to the EU Construction Products Regulation (CPR). Traditional treatments to protect against fungal decay and the impact of fire are not always performing adequately and often environmental impact has been an important consideration. The option to enhance wood properties using innovative technologies can be combined with better definition of the expectations and requirements. Besides focusing on combined innovative treatments of the wood matrix, also envelope treatments similar to the use of coatings can be envisaged. This all should lead to an increased use of timber and engineered wood products for green building. This paper mainly focusses on the increased use and high potential of CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) and options to use hardwoods and modified wood (like TMT) in relation to moisture dynamics to come to fit-for-purpose material properties even under more hazardous circumstances.
Abstract
Bio-based building products are considered key in our future socio-economic environment, since they are a very relevant nature-based solution (NbS) to climate change. The [...]
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Capacity of Wood as Flooring Material: Improvement of Thermal Performance of Wood/Phase Change Material Composites
W. Duk Suh, J. Nam, Y. Uk Kim, Y. Choi, S. Kim, S. Kim

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Wood is a biomaterial with good carbon fixation capacity. Phase change materials (PCMs) can impart thermal storage performances to materials. The goal of this study is to improve thermal performance by impregnating PCM into porous wood. The chemical stability of the composites was analyzed to evaluate whether it was appropriate for PCM to be impregnated into wood. Thermal performance of the composites was evaluated through latent heat analysis and thermal conductivity analysis. As a result of the analysis, the composites showed improved thermal performance compared to pure wood. In addition, in order to evaluate the applicability of the composites for floor heating, the dynamic heat transfer test was conducted using specimens as flooring material. As a result, it was confirmed that room temperature maintained the indoor comfort temperature range for longer time in rooms where composite specimens were applied as floor material. Result suggests that the composites can reduce the time for operating heating energy for floor heating. Thus, composites produced in this study proved to have the potential to be used as floor finishing material for floor radiant heating systems.
Abstract
Wood is a biomaterial with good carbon fixation capacity. Phase change materials (PCMs) can impart thermal storage performances to materials. The goal of this study is to [...]
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Transforming low-quality sand into construction materials under 110℃ and Recycling of the Waste Solution
P. Qiu, Y. Sakai

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
A strong and eco-friendly material was transformed from low-quality sand via sol-gel method with ethanol as the solvent. 110oC was chosen as a target temperature because it is the average day temperature of the moon, which may be the first place for extraterrestrial development. The appropriate KOH content and ethanol concentration can improve the reaction degree and limit the side reaction. The main results indicated that the highest compressive strength (38 MPa) of the produced material could be obtained by using 20 mass% KOH and 90 V/V% ethanol. According to XRD and FTIR analysis, the formation of sanidine, zeolite, and tetraethoxysilane is the main reason for strength enhancement. Sanidine and zeolite could fill the gap between sand particles and tetraethoxysilane is a good consolidate. Excess ethanol in the waste solution can be reused with recycle rate above 65%. The total carbon emission is 197 kg CO2 eq/m2 after recycling waste solution, which is 35.82% of that produced by normal concrete. Therefore, a tough construction material can be synthesized from lowquality sand, which can partially substitute concrete. This material can address the shortage of raw materials for concrete and can be utilised for extra-terrestrial construction.
Abstract
A strong and eco-friendly material was transformed from low-quality sand via sol-gel method with ethanol as the solvent. 110oC was chosen as a target temperature because it [...]
- 1
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Recycling of Silty Waste Soil by CO2 Treatment for Construction Block Manufacture
Y. Du, Q. Zeng

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The poor engineering performance of silty waste soil (SWS) seriously restricts its utilization in new constructions that, in turn, need a large amount of building materials. Meanwhile, traditional sintering technology of clay brick production is prohibited due to its high CO2 emissions. In the present work, a rapid CO2 mineralization method is proposed to treat SWS with active lime after the pressing forming process of building block manufacturing. The optimum mix proportion and pressing forming parameters of SWS blocks are presented. Microstructure of selected SWS block samples is characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and mineral changes are analyzed by X-rays diffraction (XRD). CO2 emissions from the SWS block production are evaluated considering the entire manufacturing process. Overall, the present study provides a proof-of-concept path that enables recycling of SWS for construction block production with low CO2 emissions.
Abstract
The poor engineering performance of silty waste soil (SWS) seriously restricts its utilization in new constructions that, in turn, need a large amount of building materials. [...]
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Partial Replacement of Fly Ash & Modified Bottom Ash as a Cement & Fine Aggregates in Concrete
P. R. Khare, D. P. Wanjari

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
This study envisaged the application of Bottom ash as a replacement of fine aggregate. In this study, bottom ash is thoroughly mixed with a PC-based High range superplasticizer ( HRSP) having solid content more than 60%, this sand is called as modified bottom ash (MBA are mixed at doses of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% by weight of bottom ash. This prepared bottom ash is referred to as modified bottom ash (MBA). MBA is substituted for fine aggregates in ordinary concrete in varying amounts from 0 to 50% by river sand and the concrete has been tested for Compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and other durability characteristics it has been found that 10% MBA produce superior outcomes, the purpose of use was not achieved. Therefore, MBA has been increased up to 60% replacement with fine aggregates, the strength and durability properties achieved for concrete produced by 50% MBA with fine aggregate (sand) are compared to 100% fine aggregate (sand) concrete and has observed similar results due to addition of HRSP. In the end, it can be concluded that High Range Superplasticizer HRSP is quite efficient for replacing Bottom ash with fine particles.
Abstract
This study envisaged the application of Bottom ash as a replacement of fine aggregate. In this study, bottom ash is thoroughly mixed with a PC-based High range superplasticizer [...]
- 1
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Durable Textile-reinforced Concrete Made of Fast-setting, Mineralimpregnated Carbon-fibers (MCF) Reinforcements and Alkaline-activated Matrix
J. Zhao, A. Ameer Hamza, M. Liebscher, A. Bartsch, E. Ivaniuk, M. Butler, V. Mechtcherine

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is a class of material with massive potential to strengthen existing or build entirely new thin-walled structures. However, state-of-the-art polymer-based textile reinforcements commonly suffer under weak compatibility with concrete and insufficient reinforcing efficiency at elevated temperatures. Mineral-impregnated carbon-fiber (MCF) composites represent instead a promising alternative reinforcement with a wide-ranging innovation potential regarding digital and automated processability, freedom design, chemical compatibility and ecological and environmental footprints. Among the existing variants of mineral impregnation, geopolymer (GP) impregnation for carbon fiber (CF) enables stable early-age rheological properties and fast-setting by moderate-temperature activation. The paper at hand presents a methodology to automatically manufacture textile reinforcements made of MCF composites via a continuous pultrusion and robotic–assisted structuring process to meet future market demands. After an advanced geopolymerisation process by thermal curing, the resulting gridlike reinforcements were implemented in a fine-grained, alkali-activated material (AAM) based concrete matrix and characterized with respect to their uniaxial tensile performance. By further applying AAM as cement-free binder, sustainable and fireproof reinforced concrete can be designed with an evident reduction in CO2 emission as compared to conventional cementitious systems. The improved chemical affinity facilitated by GP impregnation governs the cracking phase, resulting in a finer and more diffuse pattern, whereas the higher unidirectional strength of epoxy (EP)-impregnated yarns is responsible for the higher ultimate strength of the composite.
Abstract
Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is a class of material with massive potential to strengthen existing or build entirely new thin-walled structures. However, state-of-the-art [...]
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Durable Structural Concrete Using Fine and Coarse Recycled Aggregates (Type A and Type B)
C. Vintimilla, M. Etxeberria

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
The use of Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA, type A) and mixed recycled aggregate (MRA, type B) is an alternative for structural concrete production to reduce natural resource exploitation and landfilling of construction waste. However, the lower quality of recycled aggregate compared to that of natural aggregate, and consequently the lower durability of recycled concrete, make it necessary to limit the percentage of replacement of raw aggregates by recycled aggregates. The objective of this study is to analyse the adequacy of using different percentages (following European standards) of coarse and fine type A and type B recycled aggregates for structural concrete production. All the concrete mixtures were produced using 300kg/m3 of cement and an effective water: cement ratio of 0.48 to be exposed to the XC1-XC4 environment. In addition, the conventional concrete (0% recycled aggregates) was also produced using an effective water: cement ratio of 0.52. The physical and mechanical properties, drying shrinkage values, and durability property of sorptivity and water penetration values were determined in all the produced concretes. It was concluded that the concrete produced with up to 60 % coarse RCA and 30 % fine RCA (type A) aggregates achieved adequate properties for structural concrete. In addition, the use of MRA mixed recycled aggregate (type B) was also possible for structural concrete production when it was employed in the replacement of natural aggregates up to 40% for coarse MRA and 15% for fine MRA simultaneously.
Abstract
The use of Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA, type A) and mixed recycled aggregate (MRA, type B) is an alternative for structural concrete production to reduce natural resource [...]
- 10
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Carbon Neutral Concrete – Challenges and Solutions for Sustainable Future
M. Plançon, Z. Shu Qiang, J. Wong

DBMC 2023.

Abstract
As the climatic impact is becoming a more important topic for most of the nations which signed the COP 26 accords; many concrete and cement companies have announced their carbon reduction ambitions. Although the CO2 reduction pace varies from one country / company to the other, many of them have clearly stated their commitment towards concrete carbon neutrality in 2050. As a result, we can observe the accelerated emergence of a multitude of new technologies targeting the reduction of carbon content in concrete. The presentation proposed will go over the consequences for the concrete industry of this construction industry’s endeavor climatic impact reduction. It will explain some of the main challenges paving the cement and concrete industry’s journey towards carbon neutrality. It will deep dive in the principles and impacts of the most recent and advanced regulations in terms of low carbon construction such as, for example, RE2020 in France. It will also illustrate some of the realistic solutions currently implemented to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete and cement and adapt to this new market environment, including the use of the latest loT technology which allows the concrete producer to improve their material management, operational efficiency as well as the commercial leverage. In a world where raw materials scarcity becomes increasingly stringent, it will also explore the solutions for the concrete industry to promote circular economy. Finally, it will describe the most probable paths towards carbon neutral concrete and how they will inevitably include environmental footprint reduction beyond climatic impact.
Abstract
As the climatic impact is becoming a more important topic for most of the nations which signed the COP 26 accords; many concrete and cement companies have announced their [...]
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Revista Latinoamericana de Ginecología Regenerativa. Volumen 1, número 2
. SOGIRE, S. Vanezuela

Rev Latinoam Ginecol Regen (2023). Vol. Revista Latinoamericana de Ginecología Regenerativa. Volumen 1, número 1, 2

Abstract
Misión La Revista Latinoamericana de Ginecología Regenerativa tiene la misión el generar, discutir y difundir investigaciones, conocimientos, documentos y demás información en Ginecología Regenerativa y áreas afines, para que esté al alcance de profesionales y estudiantes de las Ciencias de la Salud y del público en general, a través de un planteamiento práctico, sencillo y atractivo, que permita llegar a un mayor número de usuarios, lo que servirá para la divulgación científica en salud. Visión Ser una revista reconocida tanto nacional como internacionalmente, que sea un punto de referencias en Ginecología y motivo de consulta constante de profesionales del área, logrando la inclusión en índices tanto nacionales como internacionales, fruto de un reconocimiento por cumplir con los estándares bibliométricos y cienciométricos nacionales e internacionales. Objetivo General Publicar artículos de investigación, artículos históricos, imágenes en Ginecología Regenerativa y cartas al Editor, que versen sobre la Ginecología Regenerativa, especialmente sobre temas como la Ginecología Estética, Ginecología Funcional, Bioestimulantes en Ginecología, Energía en Ginecología, Complejo Clitorolabial, Labios Mayores, Vagina, Ano, Manejo de Complicaciones, Dilemas Éticos, Mercadeo y Redes Sociales en Ginecología y demás temas relacionados con la Ginecología Regenerativa.
Abstract
Misión La Revista Latinoamericana de Ginecología Regenerativa tiene la misión el generar, discutir y difundir investigaciones, conocimientos, documentos [...]
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Revista Latinoamericana de Ginecología Regenerativa. Volumen 1, número 1
. SOGIRE, S. Regenerativa

Rev Latinoam Ginecol Regen (2023). Vol. Revista Latinoamericana de Ginecología Regenerativa. Volumen 1, número 1, 1

Abstract
Mission The mission of the Latin American Journal of Regenerative Gynecology is to generate, discuss and disseminate research, knowledge, documents and other information on Regenerative Gynecology and related areas, so that it is available to professionals and students of Health Sciences and the general public, through a practical, simple and attractive approach, which allows reaching a greater number of users, which will serve for scientific dissemination in health. Vision To be a nationally and internationally recognized journal, which is a point of reference in Gynecology and a reason for constant consultation by professionals in the area, achieving inclusion in both national and international indices, the result of recognition for complying with national bibliometric and scient metric standards, how international. General objective Publish research articles, historical articles, images in Regenerative Gynecology and letters to the Editor, which deal with Regenerative Gynecology, especially on topics such as Aesthetic Gynecology, Functional Gynecology, Biostimulants in Gynecology, Energy in Gynecology, Clitorolabial Complex, Labia Majora, Vagina, Anus, Management of Complications, Ethical Dilemmas, Marketing and Social Networks in Gynecology and other topics related to Regenerative Gynecology.
Abstract
Mission The mission of the Latin American Journal of Regenerative Gynecology is to generate, discuss and disseminate research, knowledge, documents and other information [...]
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DIGITAL «MATURITY ASSESSMENT»: APPROACHES, METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS
N. Tarasova, I. Pastukhova, A. Kazakov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 181

Abstract
Relevance. The general trends and consequences of digital transformation have touched all levels of the education system, manifested in the creation of a digital educational ecosystem, significant changes in the theory and practice of teaching and education, the introduction of electronic and network didactic means and tools, the formation of a digital culture of an educational organization, etc. Digital transformation does not mean a set of IT programs or software, but, first of all, it is a transformation of the educational process, manifested in an innovative format of teaching, education and learning, forming a new thinking and culture of the subjects of educational relations, taking into account digital transformations in the economy and society. The solution of the actual task of assessing the 'digital maturity' of organizations of various forms of ownership, spheres of production activity, including the level of higher education, will contribute to the development of a model for assessing the 'digital maturity' for the general education system. Object of the study: digital maturity assessment. Subject: approaches, methodologies, tools for digital maturity assessment. Objective: to identify and describe approaches, techniques, tools for assessing digital maturity. Objectives: to analyze the essence and meaning understanding of the category 'digital maturity'; assessment of 'digital maturity', to analyze the existing foreign and domestic methods and tools for assessing the level of 'digital maturity' of organizational systems. Methods: comparative analysis of the concept of "digital maturity"; bibliographic search; methods of systematization and generalization of data. Conclusions: there is no unity of scientific attribution of the concepts of "digital maturity"; assessment of "digital maturity"; the concept of "digital maturity" and its assessment systems in the Russian Federation are studied mainly only in the framework of higher education. In the case of general education, these problems are insufficiently represented in scientific research, as well as the number of empirical descriptions of practices of digital maturity assessment in general education schools is insignificant. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the approaches, methods and tools for comprehensive assessment of the digital maturity of organizational systems. The results of such work will serve as a source for designing profiles of digital maturity levels in the general education system. Recommendations: the assessment of the level of "digital maturity" should become a reference point not only and not so much for the transformation of the processes of functioning of the education system in the Russian Federation, but for the systemic renewal of the entire education sphere.
Abstract
Relevance. The general trends and consequences of digital transformation have touched all levels of the education system, manifested in the creation of a digital educational [...]
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CURRENT STATE OF FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT WITHIN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TECHNICAL SYSTEM GIVEN INTENSIFYING IMPORT SUBSTITUTION PROCESSES IN RUSSIA (CLUSTER ANALYSIS)
V. Blinov, I. Sergeev, E. Esenina, A. Satdykov, Z. Dulaeva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 182

Abstract
Sanctions and import substitution processes in Russian enterprises have changed not only the catalogue of equipment used but, in many cases, even technological processes. This is a serious challenge for the vocational education and training system (VET), that has to adapt to new economic environment. The purpose of the preprint is to find out to what extant Russian VET organizations are prepared to solve the problem of updating technologies and replacing previously imported equipment based on the data obtained during an empirical study. The study is based on the methodology of acquisition of empirical data using an electronic form of a questionnaire that included 22 closed questions. Primary results obtained were processed applying cluster analysis, generalization, grouping and ranking approaches. As a result: a low degree of readiness of Russian VET organizations to take part in solving problems of import substitution and to participate in achieving technological sovereignty goals set by Government was revealed. The contribution of employers to the process of modernizing facilities and equipment in VET organizations turned out to be much less than it was expected. Different management strategies used by an educational organization has a little effect on the quality of its infrastructure. Availability of financial sources in the regions of Russian Federation and capability of organizations to obtain them play the leading role. The nature and level of influence of different factors on the effectiveness of the processes of modernizing infrastructure and import substitution in VET organizations are defined. Differences in management strategies used by VET organizations to solve the problems of facilities and equipment (diversification of funding sources, cooperation with employers, import substitution planning, personnel training) are specified. A set of factors and management strategies to improve the efficiency of facilities and equipment modernization and import substitution processes have been defined. The pending problem areas of infrastructure management in VET organizations were identified.
Abstract
Sanctions and import substitution processes in Russian enterprises have changed not only the catalogue of equipment used but, in many cases, even technological processes. [...]
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Parametric design and optimization of hand shape air morphing structure and its test validation
Y. song

membranes2021.

Abstract
Soft inflatable actuators show several advantages in flexible and versatile behaviors. Comparing to traditional silicon based soft actuators, fabric-based counterpart shows outstanding benefit such as lightweight and stowable. However, there are lots of challenges on design fabric-based structure, due to the joining/bonding constrain, incompressible membrane structure behavior of the fabric material, and non-existing design and simulation platform. This paper presents a pipeline from design, simulation, and fabrication of a hand shape air morphing structure for optimized performance based on the parametric analysis to check the effect of inflation pressure, geometry of bonding line, stiffness of skin fabric and rigid bar element integration to the inflatable structure. A demo of the optimized sample was fabricated and compared with the optimized design. Such lab scale study shines a light for design and analysis of large-scale structure membrane structure with morphing functionality.
Abstract
Soft inflatable actuators show several advantages in flexible and versatile behaviors. Comparing to traditional silicon based soft actuators, fabric-based counterpart shows [...]
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CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF STABLE FORMS PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
V. Blinov, A. Satdykov, S. Osadcheva, L. Kurteeva, Z. Dulaeva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 179

Abstract
The uneven socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation has a significant impact on the modernization of secondary vocational education and vocational training. There is a significant reduction in the number of graduates in the programs of training skilled workers in vocational education and training and the flow of this contingent into the vocational training sector. The number of SPO graduates who are employed in the received specialties and professions rarely reaches fifty percent. Labor migration of vocational graduates to more developed regions is steadily increasing. The amount of funding for vocational education programs depends on regional budgets, which leads to a significant territorial differentiation of investments in the human capital of students, as well as the material and technical base of educational organizations and their personnel. Fifty percent of the output of skilled worker training programs is concentrated within the 10 most sought-after professions. A similar situation develops in the training of mid-level specialists, where half of the graduates concentrate within 16 specialties. These and many other facts indicate a significant discrepancy between the results of personnel training in regional vocational education systems to the demands of labor markets, a decrease in the quality of education in vocational education, and the need to take targeted measures to improve the effectiveness of this level of vocational education as a source of staffing for the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the preprint is to present the results of the analysis of the conditions for the formation of sustainable forms of public-private partnership in the system of secondary vocational education. The results of the study can be applied in the formation of secondary vocational education and training programs based on digital technologies; the creation of systems of personnel support for vocational education and training, depending on the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Abstract
The uneven socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation has a significant impact on the modernization of secondary vocational education and vocational [...]
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Modern approaches to studying economic sanctions
K. Nesterova, A. Maigur, D. Sugaipov, A. Shumilov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 180

Abstract
The Russian economy has been operating under sanctions pressure in recent years. And there are risks of further strengthening of sanctions pressure both from the restriction of financial relations with the outside world and from the restriction of trade. The paper presents an overview of modern research devoted to the study of various types of economic sanctions. Despite the fact that the introduction of economic sanctions is most often motivated by political goals, the effectiveness of this tool in achieving these goals not always high. However, the economic consequences of sanctions are almost always they turn out to be significant.
Abstract
The Russian economy has been operating under sanctions pressure in recent years. And there are risks of further strengthening of sanctions pressure both from the restriction [...]
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Robust Inference on Income Inequality: t-Statistic Based Approaches
R. Ibragimov, P. Kattuman, A. Skrobotov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 171

Abstract
Empirical analyses on income and wealth inequality and those in other fields in economics and finance often face the difficulty that the data is heterogeneous, heavy-tailed or correlated in some unknown fashion. The paper focuses on applications of the recently developed t-statistic based robust inference approaches in the analysis of inequality measures and their comparisons under the above problems. Following the approaches, in particular, a robust large sample test on equality of two parameters of interest (e.g., a test of equality of inequality measures in two regions or countries considered) is conducted as follows: The data in the two samples dealt with is partitioned into fixed numbers
Abstract
Empirical analyses on income and wealth inequality and those in other fields in economics and finance often face the difficulty that the data is heterogeneous, heavy-tailed [...]
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Cointegration with time-varying parameters: literature review
E. Malikova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 172

Abstract
This paper reviews the literature devoted to the analysis of cointegrated time series in the economy, where the parameters of cointegration vary over time. The main studies that develop methods for modeling the movement of parameters, different approaches to evaluating the model, as well as tests for cointegration are considered. In addition, the areas of application of cointegration models with time-varying parameters in macroeconomic studies are highlighted.
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature devoted to the analysis of cointegrated time series in the economy, where the parameters of cointegration vary over time. The main studies [...]
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HUMAN CAPITAL CONCEPT AND MECHANISMS OF ITS INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
M. Kazakova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 173

Abstract
Economic science considers human capital as a fundamental factor that stimulates the accumulation of productive capital and, accordingly, has a positive effect on economic growth. Improving labor force quality can lead to an increase in the well-being of an individual due to an increase in his labor cost. An increase in public welfare will affect the economic growth of the state as a whole. The above conditions the relevance and timeliness of this work, aimed at illustration of human capital concept (subject of the study), as well as determination of human capital place in theoretical economic growth models and empirical mechanisms of its influence on growth. A review of theoretical works analyzing human capital concept and its relationship with economic growth rates aimed at achieving this goal. The study was conducted at the IPEI Center for the Study of Central Banking Problems as part of the RANEPA state task for 2022 using relevant academic literature and as the major source of information and methods such as descriptive, statistical, comparative analysis, as well as systematic approach. Analysis of human capital concept allows concluding that this indicator represents a set of innate and acquired through investment knowledge, skills and practical skills that determine labor productivity and future income of an employee. The mechanisms of human capital impact on economic growth include the relationship between growth and education level, the impact of human capital on technological progress, the relationship between health indicators and economic growth rates, the growth effect of public spending on education and health, and, finally, the effect of human capital in terms of poverty reduction. In the future, this review can serve as a starting point for an empirical study of investments in human capital in Russia within the framework of models with uncertainty and individual heterogeneous discounting.
Abstract
Economic science considers human capital as a fundamental factor that stimulates the accumulation of productive capital and, accordingly, has a positive effect on economic [...]
- 0
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Autoregression model for the GDP of the Russian Federation, supplemented by the indicator of business activity of trading partner countries
L. Tadzhibaeva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 174

Abstract
The model proposed in this paper is a modification of the second-order autoregressive process with the addition of an external variable that allows taking into account the cycles of trading partners to predict output. This model has shown a significant advantage in forecasting for the long-term horizon, which confirms the importance of taking into account the economic activity of partner countries when forecasting the GDP of the Russian Federation.
Abstract
The model proposed in this paper is a modification of the second-order autoregressive process with the addition of an external variable that allows taking into account the [...]
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Modeling the impact of news shocks on the economy in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models
D. Sugaipov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 175

Abstract
This paper systematizes the experience of empirical research on news shocks, in particular on models of vector autoregressions, as well as dynamic stochastic models of general equilibrium. The review examines the work with various types of shocks, presents the main disadvantages of different classes of models used to analyze the impact of news shocks on developed and developing economies. The main prerequisites that need to be included in the DSGE are highlighted models so that these models can demonstrate a co-directional change the main macroeconomic indicators in response to the news shock. It has also been demonstrated that VAR models and DSGE models use many similar ideas – it is useful to include predictive indicators in each of these models. During the research it was found that the proportion of explained variation in works with DSGE models is very different from the proportion of explained variation in works with VAR models. A possible reason may be that VAR models are characterized by the problem of non-fundamentality.
Abstract
This paper systematizes the experience of empirical research on news shocks, in particular on models of vector autoregressions, as well as dynamic stochastic models of general [...]
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Analysis of the relationship between inequality and environmental pollution
D. Sugaipov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 176

Abstract
The regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by a strong differentiation of both the level of income and the level of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Meanwhile, income inequality can both contribute to an increase in pollution levels and hinder its growth. In this regard, there are risks of increasing the amount of emissions into the environment when conducting inconsistent tax or social policies. The paper presents an overview of modern research devoted to the study of the impact of inequality on environmental pollution. It turns out that high levels of income inequality can have a positive impact on environmental pollution in developed countries and rich regions and a negative impact in developing countries and poor regions.
Abstract
The regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by a strong differentiation of both the level of income and the level of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. [...]
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An algorithm for quickly finding long-term equilibria in models of overlapping generations
A. Zaytsev

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 177

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of finding long-term equilibria in models of overlapping generations with a large number of periods. It is often possible to reduce the solution of a model to finding the roots of a system of equations. Some OLG models, after the introduction of additional variables, can be reduced to the form of a system of polynomials. Thus, one can represent the set of long-term equilibria as algebraic diversity. This makes it possible to use computational methods from algebraic geometry in economic problems. In particular, the method using Grebner bases has become popular. However, this approach can be effectively applied only when there are few variables. We propose an algorithm for finding solutions to the system and use it to investigate the presence of a plurality of solutions in realistically calibrated models with long-lived agents.
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of finding long-term equilibria in models of overlapping generations with a large number of periods. It is often possible to reduce the [...]
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ANALYSIS OF PROMISING DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAEU INTEGRATION WITH CONSIDERING ITS EXISTING FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS
V. Sedalishchev, V. Eremin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 178

Abstract
Over the past century, as one of the main trends in international trade, one should note the noticeable liberalization of trade throughout the world, this trend is still widely supported today in the activities of many economic associations, ranging from the activities of the WTO and the IMF to the activities of economic associations in within the framework of regional trade agreements, for example, the EAEU, the EU and others. Along with the trend towards globalization, there is a decrease in non-tariff barriers to trade in goods and services, and other obstacles to capital flows. The issue of countries taking part in integration processes is widely discussed and debatable, as the object of study is the economies of the EAEU countries, the EU and the economies of Russia's key trading partners. The purpose of the study is to assess the consequences (macroeconomic and sectoral) for the EAEU countries from the implementation by various countries of a number of provisions of agreements governing the functioning of potential integration associations that include the EAEU, and, based on the estimates obtained, to form a profile of foreign trade policy strategies for the EAEU countries, taking into account internal and external situations for choosing the optimal integration directions of the EAEU. The results of the study presented in this paper are as follows: Calculations based on data in the form of a global matrix of social accounts for 2019 showed that under any bilateral scenario of Russia's integration with the 16 listed on the EAEU site, Russia is unlikely to be able to achieve an increase of more than half a percent of GDP. At the same time, no significant industry risks are expected for it. As the country-by-country analysis of the games showed, with the simultaneous entry of several countries into the EAEU, there are no noticeable synergy effects and Russia's gains are approximately equal to the sum of the gains from agreements with each of the partners.
Abstract
Over the past century, as one of the main trends in international trade, one should note the noticeable liberalization of trade throughout the world, this trend is still widely [...]
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Approximate solution of the fractional differential equation via the natural decomposition method
A. Almuneef, A. Hagag

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (4), 43

Abstract
In today’s world, analyzing nonlinear occurrences related to physical phenomena is a hot topic. The main goal of this research is to use the natural decomposition method (NDM) of fractional order to find an approximate solution to the fractional clannish random walker’s parabolic (CRWP) equation. The proposed method gives approximate solutions that are exceptionally near the exact solution without the complication that numerous other techniques imply. Banach’s fixed-point theory is used to investigate the anticipated issue’s convergence analysis and uniqueness theorem. To ensure that the suggested technique is trustworthy and precise, numerical simulations were conducted. The results are shown in the graphs and tables. When comparing the proposed scheme’s solution to the actual solutions, it becomes clear that the scheme is efficient, systematic, and very precise when dealing with nonlinear complex phenomena.
Abstract
In today’s world, analyzing nonlinear occurrences related to physical phenomena is a hot topic. The main goal of this research is to use the natural decomposition method [...]
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Comparative legal analysis of Green Finance market regulation in OECD countries and in Russia: present experience and harmonization challenges
A. Levashenko, I. Ermokhin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 166

Abstract
The paper analyzes the regulation of the green finance market in Russia and in the world, and also formulates proposals for the development of regulation in order to improve Russian mechanisms for sustainable (including green) development and harmonize the Russian approach to such regulation with international approaches. The relevance of the work lies in the need to develop regulation of the market for sustainable (including green) financing in Russia, taking into account the growth in the size of the global market, as well as the development of such regulation in foreign countries. The object of the research is the regulation of the market for sustainable (including green) financing in Russia and in the world. The purpose of the study is to formulate proposals for regulating the market for sustainable (including green) financing in Russia in order to improve Russian mechanisms for sustainable (including green) development and harmonize the Russian approach to such regulation with international approaches. Based on the study, the following results were obtained: an analysis was made of the approaches of foreign countries and international organizations in the field of regulation of green finance; an analysis of the regulation of green finance in Russia was carried out, inconsistencies between Russian practices of such regulation and international ones were identified. In addition, the risks that such a discrepancy creates were described; proposals for the development of market regulation in Russia were formed, taking into account the best international practices. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its results for the development of regulatory legal acts aimed at developing the regulation of the market for sustainable (including green) financing in Russia.
Abstract
The paper analyzes the regulation of the green finance market in Russia and in the world, and also formulates proposals for the development of regulation in order to improve [...]
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Assessment of the impact of major infrastructure projects on the development of integration processes in the CIS countries
A. Knobel, Y. Zaytsev, K. Bagdasaryan, M. Baeva, N. Volovik, V. Sedalishchev, M. Kazaryan, D. Kuznetsov, D. Mirakyan

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 167

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to fill a gap in academic and practical research on the effects of infrastructure projects on the economic development of countries. Since the economic development of countries may depend on the indicators of the sectoral development of neighboring regions: there is a need to answer the question of the significance of different initial levels and the further pace of economic development of countries on the effectiveness of their cooperation. As one of the main factors of spatial economic development, it is proposed to consider infrastructure, the development analysis of which is proposed to be compared with the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of countries, including international trade, the development of integration. This problem is of particular relevance for the CIS countries, where a large number of national, regional and international infrastructure projects are being implemented. Of particular interest in the study of the countries of the post-Soviet space are the so-called partially recognized republics. The situation around the Ukrainian crisis and the subsequent unprecedented sanctions against Russia adds relevance to the study of the problems of post-Soviet countries, their integration and the development of infrastructure projects. In the last ten years, there has been an increase in the activity of studying these problems, in connection with the development of the European neighborhood policy on the one hand and Eurasian integration on the other. The ambiguity of terminology in the field of infrastructure projects is noted. Among the researchers of the impact of infrastructure projects on economic development, one can single out, for example, O.Yu. Patrakeev, K.P. Glushchenko, I.V. Mitrofanov, as well as some authors studying infrastructure projects in China: S. Barizits, A. Radzyner, A. Gabuev, F. Jai, Y. Kaho, S. Chan, A. Garcia-Herrero; X. Jianwei and others.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to fill a gap in academic and practical research on the effects of infrastructure projects on the economic development [...]
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FOOD DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF RUSSIA AND THE USA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
A. Nikulin, A. Kurakin, I. Trotsuk

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 168

Abstract
The relevance of the food superpower study is determined not only by the scientific interest of agrarian economics, sociology or history, but, primarily, by the tasks of agricultural policy, by the need in strategic and practical decisions of the subjects of public administration. The study aims at a comparative analysis of the food development strategies of Russia and the United States in the historical and contemporary perspectives. The subject is food-development and food-security strategies applied by Russia and the USA. Interdisciplinary and comparative methods are used to identify the key features of the food and agro-industrial development in two countries. Based on the results, the study presents not only environmental or technological factors in the formation of the agrarian strategies of the USA and the USSR, but also political and economic factors (American depression and Soviet collectivization; NeoNEP in the USSR and the New Deal in the USA). The paper concludes with a set of variables for the study of strategies for becoming a food superpower and for keeping this status: at the stage of becoming a food superpower – state policy to support agriculture, introduction of new technologies and methods of farming, development of consulting services, agricultural cooperation, wholesale markets and supply chains, social development of the village and information infrastructure, integration with world markets and expansion of food trade; at the stage of keeping and strengthening the status – the use of the newest technologies and agricultural practices, effective consulting services, expanding links with retail markets and international food trade, regional climate resilience. The novelty of the study is determined by the attempt to model a path for becoming a food superpower based on the comparative analysis of the US and Russia food strategies, and by testing of the hypothesis that there are two stages in the evolution of a food superpower. Based on the study of the real global leadership of Russia and the United States as wheat exporting countries and of the planned development of organic food production, the paper provides some recommendations on the possible ways for combining these two strategies and overcoming their limitations.
Abstract
The relevance of the food superpower study is determined not only by the scientific interest of agrarian economics, sociology or history, but, primarily, by the tasks of agricultural [...]
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Trade policy priorities of the leading states in the context of post-COVID global economic recovery
A. Pakhomov, K. Bagdasaryan

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 169

Abstract
Due to the changes in the geo-economic situation at the beginning of 2022, the focus of this research is shifted from the general analysis of foreign trade strategies of foreign countries to the study of trade policies of key countries against Russia (including common approaches and sanctions), as well as the response of the Russian side. This approach determines the novelty and relevance of this study. The significance of the work is determined by the research in scientific and applied aspects of the problems of forming common priorities and tools in trade policy of the leading countries of the world, which depend on the global scientific and technological development. Trade policy is a purposeful activity of the state to promote and protect the interests of national business in global markets. The results of the study indicate attempts to create and consolidate new rules of the world economy based on the concept of energy transition and technological breakthrough, which has a negative impact on the established rules of the world economy and international trade.
Abstract
Due to the changes in the geo-economic situation at the beginning of 2022, the focus of this research is shifted from the general analysis of foreign trade strategies of foreign [...]
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Opportunities and Constraints for G20 Leadership in Data Governance
M. Larionova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 170

Abstract
The working paper studies the approaches of the digital economy leaders (the US, the EU and China) to data governance and approaches they promote in international institutions. Data can generate not only profits for tech giants, but also social value. However, the market forces by themselves will not create data-based public goods. Government actions are needed at the county level and inter-state and multilateral institutions cooperation at the international level. The study is highly relevant, since to date despite numerous initiatives to establish coordination mechanisms and data regulation, cooperation on data governance is highly fragmented and gridlocked due to contradictions and tough competition between key players. One of the key disagreements is related to the regulation of cross-border data flows. The working paper aims to explore contradictions between the regulatory practices of the key actors in digital economy, the US, EU and China in the first place, and approaches they promote in international institutions (the WTO, G20, G7, OECD). In particular, the author looks into the G20 agenda on data governance and the Initiative on free data flow with trust, its challenges, and risks of cooperation stagnation. The working paper presents possible scenarios of future cooperation on data governance, their risks and perspectives, including the establishment of the Digital Economy and Data Governance Board by the G20, G7 initiative on shaping global digital order, deepening of cooperation on data governance within the G7 and the OECD, and the UNCTAD proposal on building a multilevel distributed polycentric data-governance model with the UN central role. The author concludes with a proposal on BRICS cooperation aimed at shaping inclusive multilateral data governance.
Abstract
The working paper studies the approaches of the digital economy leaders (the US, the EU and China) to data governance and approaches they promote in international institutions. [...]
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A LOOK AT INFLATION IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE PHILLIPS CURVE
. A.Gorodnov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 160

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the estimation of the Phillips curve for small open economies with the inclusion of the expected change in the real exchange rate of the ruble. The nonlinear generalized method of moments (CUE GMM) is used as an estimation method. According to the estimates obtained, the dynamics of inflation in Russia depends on external factors, in particular on expectations about changes in the terms of trade. At the same time, the role of expectations in the formation of inflation has undergone several significant changes. The first change is associated with the transition to the inflation targeting regime, the second with the outbreak of the pandemic. In addition, the rigidity of prices was also subject to changes under the influence of these factors.
Abstract
This paper is devoted to the estimation of the Phillips curve for small open economies with the inclusion of the expected change in the real exchange rate of the ruble. The [...]
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THE IMPACT OF PROGRESSIVE TAXATION REFORMS ON DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: WHAT THE LITERATURE SAYS
M. Kazakova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 161

Abstract
The progressive tax system is a tax structure in which the tax rate increases as the taxpayer's income level increases. This means that people with higher incomes pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than people with lower incomes. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that currently the issues of reducing inequality and increasing economic growth remain on the agenda of both developed and developing countries, and for the latter the problem of reducing poverty remains acute. In turn, tax system reforms have an impact on the macroeconomic indicators listed above and, thus, can serve as a tool for regulating inequality and poverty, as well as a way to accelerate economic growth. The main purpose of the study is to systematize the results of empirical studies examining the impact of progressive taxation reforms on inequality, poverty and economic growth in countries with different levels of development (subject of the study). A review of academic literature (source of information) devoted to the analysis of the impact of progressive tax reforms on inequality, poverty and economic growth in developed and developing economies contributes to the achievement of the stated goal (research objectives). The study was conducted using such methods as descriptive, statistical and graphical analysis, data analysis, a systematic approach, and comparative analysis. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that 1) progressive taxation reforms can play a significant role in reducing income inequality in developed countries by redistributing income and providing financing for social programs and services that benefit low-income households; 2) the impact of such reforms on economic growth in developed countries depends on the specific structure of the tax system. the system and the broader economic context in which reforms are being implemented; 3) the described reforms can potentially become an effective tool for poverty reduction in developing countries, but their success will depend on a number of factors, including the specific conditions of each country and the quality of governance and institutions; 4) the impact of progressive tax reforms on economic growth in developing countries is a complex issue that depends on various factors, and the actual impact it can vary greatly depending on the specific circumstances of the country under consideration (scientific novelty of the work). In this regard, a promising direction for future research on this issue is a review of the main approaches to modeling the impact of progressive taxation reforms on macro indicators in developed and developing countries. The results of the review can also be used to develop tax policy measures in the Russian Federation aimed at reducing inequality and increasing economic growth in the country.
Abstract
The progressive tax system is a tax structure in which the tax rate increases as the taxpayer's income level increases. This means that people with higher incomes pay [...]
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Return factors of Ether cryptocurrency: on chain metrics and DeFi
K. Shilov, A. Zubarev

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 162

Abstract
In this study, we analyse whether such inner features of Ethereum blockchain as creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications influence in any way the price dynamics of Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency Ether or the latter can be mainly explained by the cryptocurrency market movements. Our results show that various on-chain metrics and total value locked in Ethereum’s DeFi protocols are almost insignificantly correlated with Ether returns on daily and weekly data. The corresponding regression models are also not able to explain a sufficient part of the variation of Ether returns relative to USD and BTC.
Abstract
In this study, we analyse whether such inner features of Ethereum blockchain as creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications influence in any way the price dynamics [...]
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Beyond Bitcoin: A Taxonomy of Cryptocurrencies in a Historical Perspective
A. Zubarev, K. Shilov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 163

Abstract
The field of cryptocurrencies has been in existence and dynamically developing for over 14 years. Each year sees the advent of new cryptocurrencies, with their total count now exceeding 8,500, and it is evident that these differ from one another in some respects. However, there currently exists no exhaustive categorization of cryptocurrencies that could comprehensively describe the landscape of the cryptocurrency market. This situation underpins the relevance of the present study. The object of this study is cryptocurrencies. The aim of the research is to create a taxonomy of cryptocurrencies based on their primary characteristics and functions. The main method of research is a retrospective analysis of the development of the cryptocurrency sector from the creation of Bitcoin to the present day. Over the course of the industry's evolution, new projects emerged, substantially different in their properties from anything that had come before, thus forming entirely new categories and niches in the cryptocurrency space. Furthermore, the advent of certain types of cryptocurrencies could lead to changes in the existing classification. The outcome of this study is a hierarchical categorization (taxonomy) of interchangeable cryptocurrencies/tokens. The proposed taxonomy is supplemented by an in-depth examination of cryptocurrencies belonging to each category, as well as a consideration of the largest cryptocurrencies in terms of capitalization through its prism. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the absence of similar studies that look at the issue of categorizing cryptocurrencies through a historical lens.
Abstract
The field of cryptocurrencies has been in existence and dynamically developing for over 14 years. Each year sees the advent of new cryptocurrencies, with their total count [...]
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DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS A SOURCE OF SUSTAINABILITY OF INCOMES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AND AND A PATHWAY TO DECREASE THE ECOLOGICAL EXTRENALITIES
A. Strokov, V. Potashnikov, A. Potapova, E. Shishkina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 164

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the consequences of monocultures in crop production in the regions of Russia, not only from an economic point of view, but also from an environmental one. The objective of the study is to develop ways for the sustainable development of agriculture in Russia, taking into account the possibilities for the development of diversification and the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The subject of the presented research is the production and environmental indicators of crop production in the regions of Russia. In the course of the work, traditional scientific methods were used - descriptive, analytical, statistical and methods of economic and mathematical modeling. The sources of information were Russian and foreign scientific publications, official publications of regulatory and legal documents and statistical data of Russian state authorities, as well as foreign databases on agricultural statistics. The results of the study conclude that in the period 2011-2019, the increase in crop production took place mainly in the Central Black Earth and South-Western regions of the country, where the plowing of abandoned lands was accompanied by an increase in crop yields (intensification), which led to a relatively low carbon track per unit of output. On the contrary, in the regions of the Far East, where the plowing of the fallow has led to an increase in soybean crops (usually low-yielding), this has affected a higher carbon footprint, which cannot be considered a sustainable characteristic for further development. Thus, the scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of scientific and analytical tools for the correct identification of regional and global environmental risks in assessing the efficiency of crop production in the regions of Russia. Thus, in our study, regional risks were assessed through the concentration of crops in the region or through the diversification index (variety of cultivated crops). Global risks were assessed through the indicator of greenhouse gas emissions, which also allowed us to estimate the so-called cumulative "carbon footprint" of each region in terms of grain unit of crop production. As a result of the study, policy recommendations were developed to improve statistical reporting on the agricultural sector. It is also recommended to promote knowledge about new and old practices for introducing diversification, incl. and the classic method of growing legumes in crops, which is not being successfully implemented by all regions so far.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the consequences of monocultures in crop production in the regions of Russia, not only from an economic point [...]
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Digital economy non-market components accounting methodology
A. Knobel, A. Abroskin, N. Abroskina, K. Bagdasaryan, Y. Zaytsev, V. Zyamalov, V. Sedalishchev, M. Turuntseva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 165

Abstract
An inclusion of non-market goods and services which are core to the digital economy in the system of economic circulation affects the basic socio-economic indicators both in Russian and in international practice. In this connection, the goal of this study is to develop a methodological basis for accounting and measuring non-market components in the emerging digital economy of the Russian Federation. As methods and methodology of the study, we use the provisions of the 2008 SNA methodological base relating to the accounting of new objects in the system of economic turnover; methods of forming input-output tables in the SNA application system; methods of transforming the indicators of the formation and use of resources into a system of indicators of symmetric input-output tables; methods of matrix calculations in building indicators of intersectoral relations, taking into account the digitalization processes of the Russian economy; methods of accounting the influence of price and hedonistic The main are: the development of a methodological framework for accounting for nonmarket components in the formation of a system of indicators of the digital economy; the development of methodological approaches to the valuation of non-market components in measuring the economic effects of digitalization; testing the proposed methodology for accounting and measuring non-market components in the digital economy based on Russian data, and developing recommendations for using the results in the formation and implementation of economic and industrial.
Abstract
An inclusion of non-market goods and services which are core to the digital economy in the system of economic circulation affects the basic socio-economic indicators both [...]
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DETERMINATION OF THE NATURE OF THE CYCLICAL FISCAL POLICY OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
I. Sokolov, S. Belev, T. Tischenko, E. Leonov, K. Vekerle, E. Matveev

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 152

Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, caused by the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, it put on the agenda issues about choosing the best methods to support businesses and citizens. However, the choice, evaluation, and practical choice of steps faces with the still existing lack of elaboration of the methodological aspects of performance evaluation. Both instruments (tax expenditures and direct expenditures) have their own advantages and implementation, their application should be directly linked to the goal. The subject The subject of the study is the list and mechanisms for the formation of tax expenditures used as part of support measures. The aim of the study is to determine how to use the methodological approaches accumulated in the scientific literature and international experience to the definition and assessment of tax expenses, as well as their accounting and management. When forming the work, such methods as reasoned-critical analysis, hypothetical-deductive method, case methods, method of analysis of generalizations and extrapolation (interpolation) of results were used. The study used data from the Federal Treasury, Rosstat and the Ministry of Finance of Russia and GTED Database. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the use of new data to analyze the structure of tax expenditures and compare the methodologies of different countries. The result of the work was a report containing: 1. Generalization of methodological approaches to the definition and evaluation of tax expenditures in scientific research 2. Analysis of international experience in accounting and management of tax expenditures 3. Analysis of the Russian practice of granting tax expenditures 4. Evaluation of the effect of the introduction of the fiscal rule on the nature of the cyclicality of fiscal policy in developed and developing countries 5. Description of opportunities for optimizing tax expenditures in the Russian Federation. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the Russian tax system is replete with too many deviations from the standard rules, which produce a significant amount of tax expenditures by world standards. In addition, the stated goals of preferences do not fully correspond to the distribution of tax expenditures by type of tax. Part of the tax expenditure generated under indirect taxes is implicitly intended as a tool to stimulate business and investment. This creates an opaque system for distributing preferences and comparing their volume (imputed subsidy) with the result. In turn, this contributes to the strengthening of the effect of fiscal illusion. In the future, the authors plan to continue the study of the effectiveness of tax expenditures in Russia and the world.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, caused by the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, it put on the agenda issues about choosing the best methods to support businesses [...]
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Analysis of trends in legal regulation of employment on online platforms in the world and in Russia
A. Levashenko, M. Girich

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 153

Abstract
The subject of the study is the analysis of legal relations arising in connection with employment on online platforms, including the provision of minimum labor guarantees by the platforms, regulation of self-employment, taxation, social insurance, cab platforms and courier services. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that a number of countries, including Russia, are trying to develop approaches to regulate the application of labor law, taxation and social insurance to persons providing services or work through platforms. In addition, there are various aspects of the regulation of employment on platforms in certain sectors of platform work, in particular in the provision of cab services and courier delivery. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the work solves the problem of creating in Russia an effective system of regulating the status of persons working through online platforms, employment on online platforms, taking into account the standards of international organizations. The purpose of the study is to formulate proposals for the extension of minimum labor guarantees (the right to work safety, to guaranteed wages not lower than the minimum wage, the right to protection against unemployment, the right to rest, etc.) to persons providing services or work through platforms, as well as to determine the criteria for the existence of labor relations with such persons, the possibility of recording the labor (insurance period) of self-employed working through platforms, social insurance and taxation, regulation of cab and courier platforms activities etc. The methodology of the study is based on the application of methods of logical, systematic and comparative analysis using Russian and foreign normative legal acts, analytical materials of competent authors and international organizations. As a result of the study proposals for the development of the regulation of employment on online platforms, as well as the status of persons employed on the platforms, based on the analysis of OECD standards and the legislation of member countries and partners of the Organization are formulated. In order to achieve the goal the following tasks are planned: analysis of the standards of the OECD and other international organizations on the regulation of the status of persons working through platforms and platform employment on the application of labor law, tax law, social insurance law, on the regulation of cab and courier services, on the formation of statistics; analysis of the experience of the OECD member states in regulating the status of persons working through platforms and platform employment; analysis of legal problems in Russia related to the regulation of the status of platform workers and platform employment; the formation of proposals for the development of legal regulation of the status of persons working through platforms and platform employment in Russia, including in terms of the adoption of response measures that affect the development of online employment. The results of the study were the development of proposals for Russia on the development of guarantees for persons employed on online platforms in terms of providing some rights similar to labor, the development of taxation and social insurance, statistical records of platform employment, providing guarantees in certain industries (cab services and courier services). The perspective of the study lies in the need to improve the Russian legislation in terms of protecting the rights of persons employed on platforms, which enter into a relationship with the platform, similar to labor.
Abstract
The subject of the study is the analysis of legal relations arising in connection with employment on online platforms, including the provision of minimum labor guarantees [...]
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DIRECTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN RURAL PERIPHERY
A. Nikulin, T. Gusakov, I. Trotsuk

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 154

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in recent decades, peripheralization of rural spaces in Russia has intensified in the form of the expansion of abandoned agricultural lands, disappearance of rural settlements, and a general long-term social-demographic depression. Concerning the spatial and food security of Russia, the re-development of peripheral rural territories is the most important condition for the viability and sustainable development of the country. The study aims at presenting a typology of models of rural development and rural differentiation in the peripheral territories of Russia as based on regional resources and the potential of local territories – in order to integrate them into the all-Russian programs of rural development. The subject is specific Russian cases of the development of rural peripheral territories and general trends in the revival of the depressed rural periphery. The methods combine the elements of the quantitative (statistical data, secondary analysis) and qualitative (expert semi-formalized interviews) approaches within the case study. Based on the results of the study, the paper describes the latest trends in the peripheralization of even the old-developed Russian regions, i.e., measures for the centralization of spatial development often exacerbate the depth of peripherization. The paper concludes with the main indicators of the rural periphery viability (ability to cope with systemic shocks and uncertainty, ability to radically change the trajectory of one’s development) and the features of the sustainable peripheral rural system. The novelty of the study is determined by an attempt to develop a typology of rural periphery and by a systematic analysis of its problems within both the agrarian re-development strategies and projects of ecological-recreational and cultural-historical types. The paper provides some recommendations on the development of rural periphery: more diverse economic activities of rural residents; more market-oriented institutions to ensure a transition from informal economic interactions to the formalized ones; stronger social capital in order to more easily mobilize internal and external resources.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in recent decades, peripheralization of rural spaces in Russia has intensified in the form of the expansion of abandoned [...]
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Exchange rate shocks and foreign trade of Russian manufacturers
D. Kuznetsov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 155

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of exchange rate shocks on prices and quantities of Russian exports and imports. The relevance of the work is dictated by the sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022, which can complicate international payments in the dominant currencies in international trade, and by subsequent economic policy measures aimed at reducing the role of the dollar and the euro in Russian foreign trade. Modern studies consider the currency of the contract as one of the most important factors influencing the magnitude of the exchange rate pass-through effect on prices and quantities of exports and imports. The main assumption of such models – short-term price rigidity in terms of contract currency – matches the behavior of real data. These models also predict the dependence of the pass-through effect on the firm's share of the product-country market. In this paper, based on econometric analysis of detailed data from customs statistics of the Russian Federation, it is shown that the key to the dynamics of exports and imports is not bilateral exporter-importer rates, but exporter and importer rates to the dominant currencies in world trade (US dollar and euro), and prices are rigid in the contract currency. Because of the asymmetry in the response between importer currency shocks and exporter currency shocks to the contract currency, there is a statistically and economically significant effect of a uniform appreciation of the dominant currency. This means that Russia's foreign trade prices and quantities respond to the dynamics of the contract currency even if neither the exporter nor the importer is a country issuing the contract currency. This response persists in the long run, and therefore cannot be explained solely by short-term price rigidity. The pass-through effect depends on the value of exports and imports, which is consistent with the predictions of the theory. The main conclusion of the paper is that diversification of the currency structure of foreign trade contract payments will contribute to the sustainability of Russian foreign trade, but the question of the costs of such a transition remains beyond the scope of this study.
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of exchange rate shocks on prices and quantities of Russian exports and imports. The relevance of the work is dictated [...]
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ANALYSIS OF THE READINESS OF BUSINESS, THE FINANCIAL SECTOR AND THE STATE TO INCREASE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD IN RUSSIA: KEY RISKS AND INCENTIVE MECHANISMS
O. Izryadnova, M. Kovaleva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 156

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need to assess the potential conditions for the consolidation of public and private resources and the capabilities of the financial sector in the implementation of large-scale investment programs. The purpose of the study is to assess the ability and readiness of key economic agents and the financial system to increase investment activity in Russia. The subject of the study is the analysis of the main trends and features of the formation of investment resources by sources of financing and forms of ownership, characteristics of financial and material potential of investment and construction activities. The analysis of investment activity trends was carried out on the basis of methods of comparative analysis of official statistical data, review of strategic planning documents and regulatory and legislative framework. As a result of the study, general and specific features of investment activity in the period 2015-2021 were identified and systematized. Overcoming the consequences of crisis phenomena in the investment sphere is considered in the paradigm of changing the role and participation of the state, business, population and financial markets in resource mobilization and financing of investment projects. The analysis of trends in the formation of the material structure of investment resources allowed us to draw conclusions about the impact of imports of investment goods and determine the potential of domestic production in solving import substitution problems as a factor of innovation and technological modernization of the economy. The evaluation of the system of anti-crisis measures to support and finance investment projects allowed us to determine the potential for mobilizing budgetary and extra-budgetary sources and the distribution of risks between the state, private business and the population. The scientific novelty of the study consists in summarizing the current data on the state of the investment sphere, the practice of regulatory and organizational and managerial impact and assessing the financial sector's capabilities in consolidating resources. The recommendations based on the results of the study are related to the need to further improve the methods of state stimulation of investment activity and the development of tools for consolidating the resources of the public and private sectors, increasing the coherence of investment programs for industrial, technological, infrastructural and social development, reducing the risks of spatial and territorial differentiation and resource provision of investment programs.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need to assess the potential conditions for the consolidation of public and private resources and the capabilities of [...]
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MODIFICATION OF MECHANISMS FOR REGULATING BANKING COMPETITION IN CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY
S. Zubov, A. Vedev, M. Kovaleva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 157

Abstract
The relevance of the study lies in the fact that credit institutions are actively involved in the process of transforming the financial market in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The object of the study is commercial banks operating in the financial and banking services market. The subject of the study is the system of economic relations between participants in the financial and banking services market in a competitive environment. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the level of banking competition and its impact on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the functioning of the national banking system. The research methodology includes methods of scientific abstraction, economic and statistical analysis, functional and structural analysis, a systematic approach, a comparison method, graphical and tabular techniques for visualizing statistical and other data, generalization and formalization. The project was carried out as part of the research work of the Structural Research Laboratory of the IAER RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation in 2022. Research results: development of the theoretical concept of banking competition, taking into account the changed external and internal conditions (digitalization of all spheres of life, transformation of the global financial architecture); study of the processes of banking competition in the Russian Federation and abroad, identification of the main markers of the dynamics of changes in the competitive environment in the context of growing development of ecosystems and banking marketplaces; determination of the main prospects for the transformation of the Russian banking system, analysis of risks associated with the practice of banking mergers and acquisitions. Research prospects: development of methodological tools for an integrated assessment of the level of banking competition in various segments of the financial market.
Abstract
The relevance of the study lies in the fact that credit institutions are actively involved in the process of transforming the financial market in the context of the digital [...]
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ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA TO ENTER THE PATH OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AFTER 2021: ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT RISKS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT
A. Vedev, A. Silchuk, K. Tuzov, M. Kovaleva, V. Eremkin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 158

Abstract
The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy generated by the coronavirus pandemic have changed all existing development forecasts. At the same time, a number of new risks have emerged. In this regard, the development of a forecast for the development of economic sectors, taking into account risks and opportunities, seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study is to develop a forecast for key parameters of the socio-economic development of Russia, assess the risks of the forecast and develop tools for responding to risk situations, develop a forecast for the development of the financial sector in the Russian Federation in the medium term The subject of the study is the dynamics of the economic development of the Russian Federation in the medium term. The method or methodology of the study is based on the study of key current and retrospective data on the state of the sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation, highlighting the most important risks and building a medium-term forecast. Main research methods: economic observation, economic modeling, construction of economic hypotheses, historical analysis of economic phenomena, formalization and mathematization method, logical interpretation method, axiomatization method, analogy method As a result of the work carried out, the key components of the public sector, financial and credit markets were analyzed, and an assessment was made of the impact of the worsening external environment. Thus, the paper presents estimates of the prerequisites for the forecast and develops three possible scenarios for the development of sectors of the Russian economy. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of unique forecasts for the development of sectors of the Russian economy. The recommendations received as a result of the study indicate the need to develop mechanisms for responding to certain risks, taking into account the possible consequences of such an impact, presented in the forecast.
Abstract
The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy generated by the coronavirus pandemic have changed all existing development [...]
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ORGANIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
A. Vedev, A. Silchuk, K. Tuzov, M. Kovaleva, V. Eremkin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 159

Abstract
The relevance of the topic is related to the need to organize systems of macroeconomic analysis, as well as to improve the accuracy of forecasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this regard, the development of a socio-economic development forecast for various scenarios that take into account risks and opportunities seems to be the most important task for the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study is to identify mechanisms and develop proposals for improving economic growth and investment attractiveness in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The subject of the study is the system of macroeconomic analysis and forecasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the medium term. The method or methodology of the study is based on the study of key current and retrospective data on the state of the sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, highlighting the most important risks for building a medium-term forecast. As a result of the work carried out, the key components of the public sector, financial and credit markets were analyzed, and an assessment was made of the impact of the worsening external environment. Thus, the paper presents estimates of the prerequisites for the forecast and develops possible scenarios for the development of sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of unique forecasts for the development of sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The recommendations received as a result of the study indicate the need to develop mechanisms for responding to certain risks for the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, taking into account the possible consequences of such an impact presented in the forecast.
Abstract
The relevance of the topic is related to the need to organize systems of macroeconomic analysis, as well as to improve the accuracy of forecasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan. [...]
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Factor de Riesgo Para Suicidio y Factores Asociados En Los Empleados De Un Call Center De Pereira, Colombia
S. Cañón, J. Gongora, J. Restrepo, F. Gomez

Sandra Cañón's personal collection (2023). 3

Abstract
Las tasas de suicidio en el mundo han tenido un aumento progresivo y se concentran más en las edades entre 15 y 29 años. En el ámbito laboral existen factores de riesgo asociados al fenómeno como altas exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, tensión laboral, bajo apoyo social, inseguridad laboral, largas jornadas laborales. El mundo del trabajo no es ajeno a esta problemática determinada por las condiciones laborales y socioeconómicas, existen casos de empresas en el mundo donde ocurrieron suicidios masivos. '''Objetivo:''' Identificar el factor de riesgo (FRS) para el suicidio y factores asociados en los Trabajadores de un Call Center en Pereira, Colombia.'''Métodos:''' Estudio analítico transversal con muestra aleatoria con un universo de 400 empleados, 47 respondieron el cuestionario a través de formularios de google, Se analizaron variables como calidad de vida laboral, riesgo de suicidio, apoyo social, entre otras . '''Resultados:''' Se encontró un factor de riesgo de suicidio del 21,3%, se asociaron factores como bajo apoyo social, depresión, no practicar religión y la edad. '''Conclusiones:''' Es importante determinar los factores de riesgo en la vida laboral, ya que algunos se asocian con riesgo suicida y así poder contribuir a la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.
Abstract
Las tasas de suicidio en el mundo han tenido un aumento progresivo y se concentran más en las edades entre 15 y 29 años. En el ámbito laboral existen [...]
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THE IMPACT OF THE RUBLE EXCHANGE RATE ON PRICES AND VOLUMES OF RUSSIAN IMPORTS FROM THE EU
A. Firanchuk

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 149

Abstract
The paper analyzes the impact of the ruble exchange rate on Russian imports from the EU27. The theoretical model considers exporters with elastic output and incompletely free redistribution of outputs between destination markets. The model predicts that an appreciation (depreciation) of the ruble exchange rate leads to an increase (decrease) in volumes, and the adjustment degree decreases as a destination market’s share in the firm's total exports increases. The degree of prices (in euros) adjustment to exchange rate changes, on the contrary, increases as the share of a destination market increases. The empirical results based on Eurostat data for 2005-21 are consistent with these hypotheses. The extensive component of import reaction is considered separately. I show the ruble depreciation reduces the probability of new companies entering the market and increases the probability of existing suppliers exit the market. At the same time, the probability of a firm's exit increases stronger when the share of the Russian market in the firm's total output decreases.
Abstract
The paper analyzes the impact of the ruble exchange rate on Russian imports from the EU27. The theoretical model considers exporters with elastic output and incompletely free [...]
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE DYNAMICS IN THE ONLINE SEGMENT AND STANDARD PRICE INDICATORS
M. Kazakova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 150

Abstract
The development of e-commerce in the context of digitalization of the economy contributes to the introduction and expansion of opportunities for the use of new macro and microeconomic indicators based on big data to study inflationary processes. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that due to their availability and high frequency online prices of multi-channel retailers can be a more representative source of information for measuring and forecasting inflation levels than traditional data. Price indices based on online data made it possible to track price dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic in real time. The main purpose of the study is to systematize the results of empirical work on the use of online trading data to analyze the features of inflationary processes (subject of the study). In addition, the work is aimed at exploring the possibilities of using online data and online price indices to predict offline prices. The achievement of the stated goal is facilitated by a review of academic literature devoted to the use of online price data for constructing high-frequency online indicators, measuring and forecasting the inflation rate, analyzing price dynamics in the online segment and comparing the rigidity of online prices and prices in traditional retail (tasks of research). The study was conducted using relevant academic literature and as the major source of information and methods such as descriptive, statistical, graphical analysis, a systematic approach, and comparative analysis. Based on the results of the study of the empirical experience of using online price data, it can be concluded that at present, online trade data are intensively used by foreign statistical agencies to build high-frequency price indices and can serve as a representative source of information about the level of inflation. Nevertheless, the review revealed that the official CPI was not replicated completely in any of the existing studies due to the high complexity of data collection and maintaining the database in working order (scientific novelty of the work). In this regard, the prospects for further research of the problem are presented in the maximum possible elimination of this shortcoming based on the previous world experience in the use of online price data and high frequency online indicators. The results of the review can be used in the interests of the monetary authorities of the Russian Federation to build forecast models of inflation, considering high-frequency online data on prices.
Abstract
The development of e-commerce in the context of digitalization of the economy contributes to the introduction and expansion of opportunities for the use of new macro and microeconomic [...]
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY AT THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL IN RUSSIA: THEORY, SITUATION, RECOMMENDATIONS
V. Klimanov, E. Timushev

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 151

Abstract
The relevance of the analysis of debt sustainability is explained by the need to preserve the state's borrowing capacity under the increasing risk of non-fulfillment of debt obligations. A decrease in the borrowing potential during the economic downturn reduces the overall potential of countercyclical fiscal policy. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations to regional public authorities on the implementation of a balanced debt policy based on a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of debt policy in Russia and countries of the world at the subnational level and to identify the causes, opportunities and limitations of regional loans. The object of the study is the subnational units of countries of the world and their budget and debt policy. The hypothesis of the study was that intergovernmental transfers, but not debt, are the main tool for overcoming negative crisis phenomena at the regional level. According to the results obtained, budget loans, being initially an instrument of debt policy, in fact, has become a new type of intergovernmental transfers. An additional problem is that this creates increased uncertainty for fiscal policy at the regional level. Debt instruments are increasingly becoming the mechanism of intergovernmental relations that reduces the efficiency of the functioning of the budget system as a whole. The novelty of the study consists in detecting significant risks of loss of debt sustainability at the regional level of Russia, despite the low nominal size of the state debt of the regions and measures undertaken at the federal level. The presentation of the theoretical foundations and the conducted diagnostic of regional public finance system allowed us to formulate measures towards further improvement of the measures of the federal policy of regulating the debt sustainability of the regions. Research methodology: review of analytical materials, structural and substantive analysis of regulatory legal acts at the federal and regional levels of countries of the world, comparative analysis of international debt policy experience, systematization of debt policy instruments used in Russia and abroad, development of scientific and practical recommendations.
Abstract
The relevance of the analysis of debt sustainability is explained by the need to preserve the state's borrowing capacity under the increasing risk of non-fulfillment of [...]
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE APPLICATION OF ANTICRISIS BUDGET POLICY MEASURES IN RELATION TO THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL
N. Barbashova, A. Deryugin, A. Komarnitskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 144

Abstract
The research analyzes the practice of anticrisis support of the subnational level in foreign countries and Russia. The influence of the anticrisis budget policy of the federal center on the balance and sustainability of regional budgets in Russia is assessed. The features of the effectiveness of intergovernmental transfers and budget loans to sub-federal budgets are revealed. It is recommended to take into account the results obtained in the anticrisis support of the regions, as well as to introduce mechanisms that increase the flexibility of federal budget rules to the parameters of subnational finances.
Abstract
The research analyzes the practice of anticrisis support of the subnational level in foreign countries and Russia. The influence of the anticrisis budget policy of the federal [...]
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STATE SECTOR: ASSESSMENT CHALLENGES AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
A. Abramov, A. Pershin, A. Radygin, M. Chernova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 145

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the scale of the state sector in Russia, as well as the impact of the state ownership on the effectiveness of companies in Russia and BRICS countries. The study focuses on the major public companies, including state-ownership enterprises (SOEs). The methodology is based on the classification of the largest private and state-owned public companies, evaluation of SOEs’ contribution to key economic and financial indicators, regression analysis of the impact of state ownership on the financial performance. The state sector growth together with the unstable growth and volatile stock markets has been the trend in many economies since the crises of the last 20 years. The role of the state in corporate governance also increased. However, research on the performance of SOEs has become scarce, with virtually no reports from international financial organizations on the subject in the past few years. The issue of cross-country comparisons of the state role in the economy remains unsolved even thought it is of great theoretical importance in the discussions on models of state capitalism and development of methodology of state sector analysis, and is relevant for the management decisions in long-term strategies of socioeconomic development. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors, using their own methods, collected and updated until 2021 indicators of the scale of the state sector, identified issues of assessment of the state sector, and used a unique database of companies from BRICS countries to study the performance of SOEs. The main results are the development of methodological approaches to the assessment of the state sector, updated state sector scale measures up to 2021, which show a continuing trend of growth. The authors have also shown how ambiguous are the existing solutions to measuring the size of the state sector and how large is the gap in estimates. The paper also shows that the state ownership had predominantly negative effect on companies’ performance in BRICS countries and South Korea. The main conclusion of the work is that it is necessary to develop a methodology that allows for an integrated assessment of government intervention on the economy, and to upgrade existing databases to increase corporate information transparency, both private and SOEs. This is especially important for the Russian economy, given the trend towards state sector growth. Such measures will improve the accuracy of state sector research and allow to improve the pace of economic recovery and ongoing monitoring.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the scale of the state sector in Russia, as well as the impact of the state ownership on the effectiveness of companies [...]
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ANALYSIS ON MONETARY POLICY COORDINATION IN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
E. Dobronravova, S. Kolesnik, M. Orekhov, M. Chembulatova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 146

Abstract
In this paper we the synchronization of monetary policy in Eurasian Economic Union. The relevance of the study arises from two points: first, independent monetary policy may be a flexible tool of economic stabilization, so is important for countries; second, fluctuations of Russian economy and global shocks affect all the economies of EAEU, so their monetary policy depends on global and Russian interest rates anyway. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the reaction of EAEU central banks to individual, regional and global shocks. For the empirical model we use monthly data on EAEU key macroeconomic indicators from 2013 to 2021, the basic methods are general method of moments, error correction models and global vector autoregressions. Our results show that the reaction of EAEU countries’ macroeconomic variables to global shocks is by large the same, and spillovers from Russian economy play the key role. We conclude that despite heterogenous production structure, level of capital mobility and financial development the key trends in monetary policy depend on Russian inflation and financial cycle. But the future results will depend on the prospect of trade and financial integration in EAEU under external restrictions. The study can be extended with detailed analysis of capital mobility in EAEU transmission by financial channels.
Abstract
In this paper we the synchronization of monetary policy in Eurasian Economic Union. The relevance of the study arises from two points: first, independent monetary policy may [...]
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ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE TARGET LEVEL OF INFLATION IN RUSSIA
Y. Perevyshin, S. Drobyshevsky, P. Trunin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 147

Abstract
The paper examines the property of the core inflation indicator to predict future values of headline inflation, which is a critical task in preparing a medium-term inflation forecast to support decision-making on monetary policy. To test this property (on the example of the core inflation by Rosstat and inflation excluding fruits and vegetables, gasoline and housing and communal services), two approaches were applied. The first approach projected headline inflation based on actual core inflation and the historical relationship between these indicators, and then projected headline inflation based on actual headline inflation. The accuracy of the two headline inflation forecasts was then compared. As a result, it turned out that core inflation indicators, starting from 2011, better predict headline inflation than current headline inflation values over a horizon of up to a year. The second approach answer the question of whether the accuracy of the headline inflation forecast is improved if the core inflation forecast is used instead. To do this, within a certain class of models, a core inflation forecast was built, which was used as a headline inflation forecast, then its accuracy was compared with a forecast based on the same class of models estimated for headline inflation. As a result, it turned out that in the framework of VAR, MA(1) and ARIMA models, the use of a core inflation forecast instead of a headline inflation forecast increases the accuracy. We estimate VAR model and decompose core inflation by factors (output gap, ruble exchange rate, and monetary policy rate). It helps us to estimate the magnitude of the price shock in the 1st quarter of 2022 in Russian economy, which amounted to 6.2 p.p. Our inflation forecast based on the VAR model assumes its acceleration from 1.6% q/q SAAR in the 4th quarter of 2022 to 4.1% in the 1st quarter and 6.0% in the 2nd quarter of 2023, then it followed by stabilization at 7% QoQ SAAR by the end of 2023.
Abstract
The paper examines the property of the core inflation indicator to predict future values of headline inflation, which is a critical task in preparing a medium-term inflation [...]
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ANALYSIS OF THE FEASIBILITY OF INTRODUCING VOLUNTARY REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN SUPPLIERS USING THE VAT OFFICE WHEN CARRYING OUT ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
E. Chernyakova, G. Korolev, E. Yastrebova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 148

Abstract
By the "Main Directions of the Budget, Tax, and Customs Tariff Policy for 2021 and the planning period of 2022 and 2023", voluntary registration for foreign suppliers using the VAT office when carrying out any type of activity (sales to Russian buyers) is stated as part of the topical issues of taxation in the future. This issue was proposed by the business community and should be considered by the Government of the Russian Federation soon. In Appendix 2 (Tax Policy Measures by Types of Taxes) of the “Main Directions of the Budgetary, Tax, and Customs Tariff Policy for 2022 and the Planning Period of 2023 and 2024”, paragraph 5 of the subsection “Value Added Tax” is also devoted to the issue of changing the procedure for determining places of sale of works (services) for VAT purposes and voluntary registration for foreign suppliers using a VAT office, which states that a foreign supplier of works (services) will be able to pay VAT independently in the event of voluntary tax registration in the Russian Federation Federation. Thus, the relevance of the research topic was indicated in the Main Directions for two years in a row, in 2021 and 2022. The geopolitical changes taking place today only increase the relevance of this study, the purpose of which is to free from the formal barriers of the system of registration for VAT purposes of foreign companies providing electronic services to recipients in Russia, to attract as many foreign companies to taxation in the Russian Federation. The implementation of the results of this work can make the conditions for the work of foreign companies in Russia more attractive. The main tasks to be solved within the framework of the study are: to analyze the foreign experience of paying VAT by foreign companies with an emphasis on the voluntariness of registration and online interaction with tax authorities and; to analyze the current tax legislation of Russia in terms of paying VAT by foreign companies, including the issue of applying the institution of tax agents; prepare proposals for improving the tax legislation in Russia, including amendments to certain articles of Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the procedure for indirect taxation of foreign companies in Russia using the VAT office. The method or methodology of research is a combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition, namely, system analysis, the method of analogy, the general logical method of generalization, comparative legal, structural, and functional analysis. The sources of information are research materials of Russian and foreign scientists, legislative bases, websites of tax authorities of the countries of the world, mass media, and other sources. The main applied result of the research is the answer to the question of the advisability or not of the introduction of voluntary registration of foreign suppliers using the VAT office in the implementation of activities in Russia (sales to Russian buyers), which is specified in the "Guidelines for the budget, tax, and customs tariff policy for 2021 and the planning period of 2022 and 2023" (Guidelines). In addition to the above main applied result, the applied results of the study will be proposals for improving the payment of VAT in Russia by foreign companies. The scientific novelty of the main applied result is due to the novelty of the question itself about the advisability of introducing voluntary registration within the framework of the Guidelines. The scientific novelty of other applied results is due to the analysis of the current tax legislation of Russia, and foreign experience, on the topic of the study for 2021, and 2022, initiatives in 2023. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience, the following conclusions were drawn in the world, voluntary registration for the purpose of paying VAT of foreign suppliers, and not always through personal accounts or special services similar to the VAT office on the websites of tax services. Voluntary registration is not limited to e-services, but also, for example, includes low-value goods. As a recommendation, it seems appropriate to allow voluntary registration for VAT purposes for foreign companies in Russia. In the future, this work can become a starting point for studying the issues of changing approaches to taxation, and administration of income of foreign companies in Russia, including direct taxation.
Abstract
By the "Main Directions of the Budget, Tax, and Customs Tariff Policy for 2021 and the planning period of 2022 and 2023", voluntary registration for foreign suppliers [...]
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General foundations of high-order immersed interface methods to solve interface problems
H. Puc, R. Balam, M. Zapata

SMCCA (2023). 1

Abstract
This work forms the foundation for addressing high-order immersed interface methods to solve interface problems and enables us to conduct in-depth examination of this theory. Here, we focus on the introduction a fourth-order finite-difference formulation to approximate the second-order derivative of discontinuous functions. The approach is based on the combination of a high-order implicit formulation and the immersed interface method. The idea is to modify the standard schemes by introducing additional contribution terms based on jump conditions. These contributions are calculated only at grid points where the stencil intersects with the interface. Here, we discuss the issues of implementing the one-dimensional Poisson equation and the heat conduction equation with discontinuous solutions as a three-point stencil for each grid point on the computational domain. In both cases, the resulting discretization approach yields a tridiagonal linear system with matrix coefficients identical to those employed for smooth solutions. We present several numerical experiments to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the method. Thus, this high-order method provides an attractive numerical framework that can efficiently lead to the solution to more complex problems.
Abstract
This work forms the foundation for addressing high-order immersed interface methods to solve interface problems and enables us to conduct in-depth examination of this theory. [...]
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Symbolic Regression Approaches for the Direct Calculation of Pipe Diameter
D. Brkić, P. Praks, R. Praksová, T. Kozubek

Axioms (2023). Brkić, D.; Praks, P.; Praksová, R.; Kozubek, T. Symbolic Regression Approaches for the Direct Calculation of Pipe Diameter. Axioms 2023, 12, 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12090850

Abstract
This study provides novel and accurate symbolic regression-based solutions for the calculation of pipe diameter when flow rate and pressure drop (head loss) are known, together with the length of the pipe, absolute inner roughness of the pipe, and kinematic viscosity of the fluid. PySR and Eureqa, free and open-source symbolic regression tools, are used for discovering simple and accurate approximate formulas. Three approaches are used: (1) brute force of computing power, which provides results based on raw input data; (2) an improved method where input parameters are transformed through the Lambert W-function; (3) a method where the results are based on inputs and the Colebrook equation transformed through new suitable dimensionless groups. The discovered models were simplified by the WolframAlpha simplify tool and/or the equivalent Matlab Symbolic toolbox. Novel models make iterative calculus redundant; they are simple for computer coding while the relative error remains lower compared with the solution through nomograms. The symbolic-regression solutions discovered by brute force computing power discard the kinematic viscosity of the fluid as an input parameter, implying that it has the least influence.
Abstract
This study provides novel and accurate symbolic regression-based solutions for the calculation of pipe diameter when flow rate and pressure drop (head loss) are known, together [...]
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EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPON DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN REGIONS OF RUSSIA
V. Kozlov, E. Mitrofanova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 136

Abstract
The preprint considers official statistical data on fertility, migration and mortality across Russian regions in 2020-2021 and is aimed at a comparison of dynamics of these processes in the time of COVID-19 pandemic and in the preceding years. To carry out this comparison, changes of several key demographic indicators (life expectancy at birth and inputs of different age groups and causes of death into its changes; total fertility rates of children of different birth orders; indicators of migration balance) in regions of Russia in the time before and during the pandemic are considered. It is shown that regional differences in dynamics of the mortality indicators were especially large. Sources of these differences need a separate study. Changes in fertility were more uniform: the pattern with decreasing fertility of first and second children with stable fertility of 3+ children was most common across regions. For migration, a considerable decrease of number of regions with a positive migration balance was observed in 2020 and, still more, in 2021.
Abstract
The preprint considers official statistical data on fertility, migration and mortality across Russian regions in 2020-2021 and is aimed at a comparison of dynamics of these [...]
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MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION APPROACHES CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL LABOR MARKETS IN RUSSIA BASED ON MICRODATA
P. Pavlov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 137

Abstract
The aim of the work is to test approaches to the analysis of the characteristics of local labor markets in Russia using big micro-level data. The first chapter deals with modern theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of local labor markets, the concept of market power and concentration of the labor market. The second chapter presents a model of the connection between the market power of employers and the wages of employees, and formulates the theoretical hypotheses of the study. The third chapter reveals approaches to the development of a database on local labor markets, highlights patterns that are characteristic of the Russian labor market. The fourth chapter provides an empirical analysis of the influence of the characteristics of Russian local labor markets on the level of wages of workers. The fifth chapter summarizes the results and formulates recommendations based on the results of the study.
Abstract
The aim of the work is to test approaches to the analysis of the characteristics of local labor markets in Russia using big micro-level data. The first chapter deals with [...]
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CONSUMPTION, LEISURE, SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: THE WAY OF LIFE OF RUSSIANS IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY
D. Loginov, V. Titov, A. Salmina, M. Eliseeva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 138

Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify the features of lifestyle and social practices in the spheres of consumption, leisure and social interactions, implemented by various groups of the population in conditions of instability. Informational base of the study is questionnaire surveys, held in 2021-2022, each of which was conducted based on all over Russia representative sample. The review of theoretical and conceptual developments allowed to classify main approaches to understanding of lifestyle in social sciences. The analysis of empirical data produced the opportunity to examine online consumption practices settled in the post pandemic period and specifics of consumption in conditions of new 2022 risks. Models and limitations of implementing leisure practices were studied. There were studied the specifics of social interactions system including in the context of its resource significance from the point of view of adaptational tasks.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify the features of lifestyle and social practices in the spheres of consumption, leisure and social interactions, implemented by various groups [...]
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Adaptive ensemble surrogate-based optimization and analysis of forklift pallet racks
W. Zhang, Y. Lu, L. Liye, Y. Mei, Z. Baochang

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (4), 39

Abstract
As an important part of the lifting platform of pallet forklift trucks, how to reduce the deformation of the pallet rack under working conditions while reducing the mass to ensure the safety performance of forklift trucks is the most concerning issue in the design of forklift truck structure. The pallet rack structure is complex, and optimizing simulation using traditional high-precision simulation models takes much time and effort. Therefore, this paper takes the lifting platform of an unmanned AVG forklift truck as the research object and establishes a parametric model of the pallet rack using the 3D modelling software SolidWorks and the finite element analysis software ANSYS to carry out static analysis of it. Optimization design variables are selected, a single surrogate model and ensemble surrogate model are chosen for various surrogate model techniques, a small number of sample points are used to construct a low-precision model, and adaptive infilling technology is used to improve the model accuracy, and the structure is optimized, and the results show that, while the pallet rack structure meets the requirements of light weight and strength, the mass is reduced by 1.2%, and the morphology is reduced by 17.2%. Moreover, a global sensitivity analysis of each design parameter was carried out under the guidance of the surrogate model, highlighting the most influential design variable as the height of the channel steel and establishing the design variables that should be taken into account in the structural design. This paper compares the performance of the mainstream single-surrogate model and ensemble-surrogate model as well as the adaptive infilling strategy in engineering design and proves that the surrogate model optimization method has a certain guiding significance for the structural optimization design of pallet racking.
Abstract
As an important part of the lifting platform of pallet forklift trucks, how to reduce the deformation of the pallet rack under working conditions while reducing the mass to [...]
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Cross-border migration in the era of the pandemic: analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the processes of geographical mobility
V. Malakhov, M. Simon, D. Letnyakov, A. Motin, N. Kokoeva, I. Semenov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 139

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about dramatic changes in all areas of public life, both at the country and global levels. In a situation of disorientation in which national governments found themselves in the spring of 2020, unprecedented measures were taken to close state borders, which led to a cessation or a sharp reduction in migration inflows. However, it soon became clear that the dependence of a number of sectors of the economy on migrant labor is so significant that it requires a significant mitigation/removal of the imposed restrictions. Thus, management structures are facing a serious challenge, namely the need to choose a course in migration policy that reflects a reasonable balance between the imperatives of socio-economic development and the imperatives of security in the health sector.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about dramatic changes in all areas of public life, both at the country and global levels. In a situation of disorientation in which national [...]
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Migrant communities in Western European countries and in Russia: social demands and structural constraints
V. Malakhov, M. Simon, D. Letnyakov, A. Motin, S. Goryashko, A. Dubrovsky, A. Karulin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 140

Abstract
The study of communities formed by migrants is crucial for understanding the political communication in industrialized countries. There are three circumstances that actualize such a study. First, in countries with a long history of immigration, institutions of public representation of migrants have been developed to ensure the participation of the latter in the political life of the host societies. Secondly, migrants can form associations at the grassroots level to find common solutions without direct interaction with government institutions. Thirdly, migrants are often involved in the social and political life of the country of origin, as they maintain contact with organizations operating in their homeland. This connection is facilitated and intensified due to various online platforms. This paper provides an overview of current research on this topic, made in Western European countries, as well as the results of our own field research conducted in several Russian cities.
Abstract
The study of communities formed by migrants is crucial for understanding the political communication in industrialized countries. There are three circumstances that actualize [...]
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THE WAGE OF STEM PROFESSIONALS IN RUSSIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
A. Putintseva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 141

Abstract
In the age of digital transformation, there is an increasing discussion about human resource shortages. In particular, IT professionals, in general, specialists in science and technology (STEM - Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). One of the decisive factors in attracting and retaining highly qualified employees is the level of remuneration, so it is important to understand what the determinants of its level in Russia are. Thus, our research answers the question: what factors influence the compensation of STEM professionals in Russia? The influence of human capital (special experience and availability of higher education) and institutional factors (organization size, economic sector, organization profile) were considered. The data of the National Research University Higher School of Economics Russian Monitoring of Economic Situation and Health for 2010-2020 were used for the analysis. The results show that the level of financial compensation increases when a STEM specialist has higher education, works in a large and commercial organization. Work experience has no effect on compensation. The profile of the organization (technical or not) also did not show an unambiguous result in this study.
Abstract
In the age of digital transformation, there is an increasing discussion about human resource shortages. In particular, IT professionals, in general, specialists in science [...]
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VET STAFFING MODELS DEPENDING ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S REGIONS
V. Blinov, A. Satdykov, E. Esenina, Z. Dulaeva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 142

Abstract
Professional and teaching personnel training and the staffing of the secondary vocational education (SVE) system is one of the most important tasks both in the Russian education state policy and in scientific research. The problem of the SVE digital transformation and building the corresponding teachers’ competencies, the legislative requirements for educational activities, the new requirements for SVE teachers in the framework of the federal project "Professionality" are tasks that require balanced decisions at the federal and regional levels. Significant events of the last three years (the COVID-19 pandemic, global economic crisis, challenging foreign policy situation) result in the need to focus on updating the SVE teaching staff competencies. Equally pressing are the “eternal” problems, including the aging of teaching staff and the predominance of female teachers in the secondary vocational education system, ways to rejuvenate teaching staff in the SVE institutions and ways to obtain pedagogical qualifications in secondary vocational education, ensuring targeting and personalization of the teachers’ educational trajectories through additional professional education. The purpose of the preprint is to present the analysis of staffing models for the secondary vocational education system, taking into account domestic and foreign approaches, and to develop proposals for building a perspective model for staffing the secondary vocational education system. The study is based on the methodology of system analysis, uses the methods of comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature and educational practice, the modeling method. As a result of the study, the characteristics of the staffing models of the vocational education system were presented based on the analysis of foreign and domestic experience in building and developing staffing requirements for the vocational education and training system. The novelty is connected to the development of proposals for building a future-oriented model of secondary vocational education system staffing. The results of the study can be applied in making decisions on the formation and development of staffing system for secondary vocational education at the federal and regional levels.
Abstract
Professional and teaching personnel training and the staffing of the secondary vocational education (SVE) system is one of the most important tasks both in the Russian education [...]
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