Documents published in 2019 : Scipedia

Experiencias de posgrado sobre computación en la red (cloud computing) con software social
I. Aguaded, E. López Meneses

Estudios sobre educación (2014). ISSN 1578-7001

Abstract
La investigación, desarrollada con estudiantes de un Máster Oficial en Comunicación y Educación en el curso 2011/12, se centró en indagar introspectivamente en el alumnado las ventajas y debilidades de la computación en nube (cloud computing), a través de metodologías activas con mapas conceptuales elaborados con el software Mindomo y, posteriormente, enviadas a un edublog. El trabajo pretendía fomentar su autonomía en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento, mediante estas aplicaciones 2.0, diseñando mapas interactivos sobre computación en nube. Entre los resultados obtenidos, después de la codificación e interpretación de la información, se constata que las aplicaciones Web 2.0 son estrategias metacognitivas activas que orientan la recreación del conocimiento colectivo, permitiendo la categorización de conceptos relevantes y facilitando el pensamiento creativo
Abstract
La investigación, desarrollada con estudiantes de un Máster Oficial en Comunicación y Educación en el curso 2011/12, se centró en indagar [...]
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Media competence in adult citizens in Andalusia, Spain
I. Aguaded, R. Tirado Morueta, Á. Hernando

Media competence in adult citizen in Andalusia, Spain (2014). 1369-118X

Abstract
Videogames, televisions, and computers in all their forms, and smartphones, are everywhere to the extent that the time spent in front of a screen by all sectors of society now takes up most of the leisure time of the citizens of all four corners of the world. Yet in the face of this barrage of media, citizens have developed few formative experiences for acquiring these audiovisual and media languages or for increasing their audiovisual and media skills. The main aim of this study is to assess media competence in the Spanish region of Andalusia with the use of an instrument specially designed for the purpose. The measurement criteria and indicators of this tool are shaped by media literacy paradigms and leading international reference models, in particular the model proposed by Hobbs. The instrument consists of indicators which, according to their features, are measured via subjective or objective questions and multiple choice (ordinal or nominal) options. Measurement is standardized by the interpretation of the responses to the items on a scale of 1– 4. The construct is validated by means of factorial analysis to confirm the presence of the five factors (criteria) that form the instrument. The sample consists of 667 adult citizens aged 18–55, resident in Andalusia. The results corroborate the influence of demographic factors on media literacy levels and help identify clusters of citizens that can facilitate the design of targeted literacy projects. The results show that media competence is a construct articulated by dimensions of a varied nature that correlate in many different ways to distinctive social groups within this study.
Abstract
Videogames, televisions, and computers in all their forms, and smartphones, are everywhere to the extent that the time spent in front of a screen by all sectors of society [...]
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Validación de la escala ehealth literacy (EHEALS) en población universitaria española
I. Aguaded

Revista española de salud pública (2015).

Abstract
Fundamento: Una de las escalas más empleadas para medir de forma rápida y sencilla la competencia en eSalud es la eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), sin embargo, no existe su validación en castellano. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar al contexto español la escala eHEALS. Métodos: Se administró la traducción al español de la escala eHEALS, junto a otras escalas para medir algunos indicadores del bienestar psicológico (autoestima, vitalidad subjetiva y satisfacción con la vida). Se utilizó una muestra de 447 estudiantes universitarios de edades entre los 18 y los 45 años. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de invarianza, de fiabilidad, de estabilidad temporal y de correlaciones bivariadas. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una estructura monofactorial que explicó el 52,55% de la varianza, con elevados pesos factoriales de sus ítems. Se obtuvo una fiabilidad de 0,87 y una correlación test-retest de 0,78. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró unos índices de ajustes adecuados: χ2 = 66,60; p=0,00; χ2/gl=4,44; índice de ajuste comparativo =0,97); índice de ajuste incremental =0,97; índice tucker-lewis =0,94; error de aproximación cuadrático medio=0,08; residuo cuadrático medio estandarizado=0,05. No hubo diferencias por sexo. En cuanto a la validez de criterio, se obtuvieron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas y positivas e entre 0,12 y 0,16 con tres indicadores del bienestar psicológico (autoestima, vitalidad subjetiva y satisfacción con la vida). Conclusiones: La versión española de la eHEALS testada ha mostrado ser una escala válida y fiable para medir la competencia en eSalud en el alumnado universitario.
Abstract
Fundamento: Una de las escalas más empleadas para medir de forma rápida y sencilla la competencia en eSalud es la eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), sin embargo, [...]
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De la demonización a la polarización: un análisis desde el discurso digital del gobierno y la oposición venezolana
L. Romero-Rodríguez, I. Aguaded

Argos (2015). ISSN 0254-1637

Abstract
Se analizarán cuantitativa y cualitativamente los mensajes de los representantes más importantes del gobierno y la oposición venezolana a través de sus cuentas en la red Twitter, mediante el análisis de contenido de base interpretativa, en función de identificar y evaluar la propensión discursiva en este espacio digital a la demonización y en consecuencia, la ampliación de la polarización y el antagonismo existente en ese país. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra que se ha trasladado la tónica de enfrentamiento al escenario digital, se profundiza la demonización y la invisibilización de la «otredad» y se utilizan las redes sociales como medio de control social para desmovilizar las acciones democráticas de la disidencia.
Abstract
Se analizarán cuantitativa y cualitativamente los mensajes de los representantes más importantes del gobierno y la oposición venezolana a través [...]
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The capacity of elderly citizens to access digital media in Andalusia (Spain)
R. Tirado Morueta, Á. Hernando Gómez, I. Aguaded

Taylor & Francis (2016). ISSN 1369-118X

Abstract
In most of the European Union (EU) countries, including Spain, there has been an increase in the number of inhabitants aged 55 years or older. As of 2014, in the EU (27) more than 65% of the population uses the internet daily. However, among the elderly, the percentage is drastically lower. This type of occurrence is found in technologically advanced societies, and turns the older citizens into a forgotten collective. With the digital divide (defined as physical access to the internet) surmounted in these countries, a new divide is becoming apparent in terms of personal use and societal participation. In this article, through the use of multivariate analysis techniques, we identify a new divide in Andalusia, Spain, with respect to the frequency of access to new media and the use citizens make of them. We will discuss the influence of the elderly's immediate environment as a source of opportunity for the Information and Communication Technologies to improve our quality of life and as a medium for more active social participation.
Abstract
In most of the European Union (EU) countries, including Spain, there has been an increase in the number of inhabitants aged 55 years or older. As of 2014, in the EU (27) more [...]
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Consumo informativo y competencias digitales de estudiantes de periodismo de Colombia, Perú y Venezuela
I. Aguaded

Convergencia (2016). ISSN 1405-1435

Abstract
El objeto del presente artículo es profundizar en los hábitos de consumo infor-mativo que se perfilan en estudiantes del grado de comunicación en Colombia, Perú y Ve-nezuela, en particular sobre la tendencia a la infoxicación y sobresaturación informativa de su propio ecosistema comunicativo, así como indagar sobre las competencias comunicativas que han obtenido en su formación. La metodología se centró en un cuestionario autoad-ministrado digital de carácter cuantitativo, aplicado a 1.603 estudiantes de tercer año en universidades privadas de Medellín, Lima y Caracas. Entre las principales conclusiones se destaca un intensivo consumo de internet y redes sociales que supera las cinco horas diarias, con especial atención a que la mayor parte de los contenidos recibidos a través de sus redes son pseudoinformaciones y que la formación en competencias mediáticas para el consumo informativo se hace preminentemente de manera autodidacta.
Abstract
El objeto del presente artículo es profundizar en los hábitos de consumo infor-mativo que se perfilan en estudiantes del grado de comunicación en Colombia, [...]
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El impacto bibliométrico del movimiento MOOC en la comunidad científica española
I. Aguaded, E. Vázquez Cano, E. López Meneses

Educación XX1 (2016). ISSN 1139-613X

Abstract
España ha sido durante el año 2013 el país líder europeo en oferta de cursos MOOC y se encuentra en una posición puntera a nivel mundial en el número de cursos masivos ofertados en 2014. Esta prolífica actividad se está trasladando al mundo divulgativo y científico en forma de entradas en blogs, redes sociales y páginas web, así como en forma de artículos científicos y libros que intentan analizar el movimiento desde diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas. Hasta el momento, no se ha analizado la repercusión bibliométrica del impacto del movimiento MOOC en la comunidad científica española, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación, es realizar un estudio bibliométrico de la repercusión científica en forma de artículo o libro de investigación en revistas y editoriales españolas durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2010 y junio de 2014. El estudio se afronta desde una metodología descriptiva y cuantitativa tomando como referencia indicadores bibliométricos de producción, en número de citas e indicadores de visibilidad y de impacto en diferentes bases de datos: Wos/Social Science Citation Index, Scopus, In-Recs, Google Scholar y la categorización de revistas científicas españolas (ANEP/FECYT). Los resultados muestran que el impacto de la producción científica española en formato libro y artículo en prestigiosas bases de datos internacionales (Wos-SSCI/Scopus) es muy bajo, aunque el impacto nacional según categorización ANEP/FECYT e In-Recs es moderadamente alto.
Abstract
España ha sido durante el año 2013 el país líder europeo en oferta de cursos MOOC y se encuentra en una posición puntera a nivel mundial [...]
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Toward a taxonomy of newspaper information quality: An experimental model and test applied to Venezuela dimensions found in information quality
L. Romero-Rodríguez, I. Aguaded

Journalism (2016). ISSN 1464-8849

Abstract
The quality of information from communication media is a topic that has been dealt with by various theorists through the analysis of the final products of information. This research work offers an analysis model of the quality of information of printed news media by the use of three indexes of categories and structured dimensions that will allow for the assessment and evaluation of the quality of information from the media, and the identification of the incidence of political-economic conditions of the journalistic environment’s macro-environment. For this, an experimental test of two Venezuelan media outlets was performed. Their use allowed us to conclude that political polarization and discourse of social confrontation, as well as economic factors such as inflation and pay scales had a proportionally direct effect on the quality of information products.
Abstract
The quality of information from communication media is a topic that has been dealt with by various theorists through the analysis of the final products of information. This [...]
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Empirical study of a sequence of access to Internet use in Ecuador
R. Tirado Morueta, D. Zambrano, I. Aguaded, I. Gutiérrez

Telematics and Informatics (2017). ISSN 0736-5853

Abstract
Ecuador is a country that represents the efforts that a few countries in the Latin American and the Caribbean region are making on infrastructures, regulations and policies that are favorable towards the use of the Internet. However, although the digital divide in its most basic form (physical access and use) is closing with respect to developed countries, a new, more complex digital divide is moving forward, and is related to the socio-economic advantages of the Internet. This study, which used a random sample stratified by provinces and which comprised 3754 respondents representing the secondary school students in Ecuador, had as objectives: (a) to verify the relationship and sequence among the different levels to access the Internet found on secondary school students; and (b) to verify to what degree the student’s family status influenced the different levels of Internet access. Through the empirical analysis of a structural model, the results showed a sequence between the relationships found among the different levels of Internet access, as well as the cumulative effect of the technical resources and levels of digital literacy on the academic use of the Internet. Likewise, it was observed that the influence of the student’s family status lost strength as the level of Internet access increased.
Abstract
Ecuador is a country that represents the efforts that a few countries in the Latin American and the Caribbean region are making on infrastructures, regulations and policies [...]
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Revistas Iberoamericanas de Educación en SciELO Citation Index y Emerging Source Citation Index
R. Repiso, E. Jiménez-Contreras, I. Aguaded

Revista española de documentación científica (2017). ISSN: 0210-0614

Abstract
El presente trabajo es un análisis de las revistas de Educación iberoamericanas en SciELO Citation Index y Emerging Source Citation Index, dos de los nuevos productos incorporados a Web of Science. Para ello se analizan las revistas de Educación iberoamericanas presentes en estos productos, por separado y conjuntamente. Se compara su cobertura con otras bases de datos externas referentes (Scopus, Redalyc, Google Scholar Metrics and, Social Sciences Citation Index) así como la presencia de las revistas estudiadas en otras bases de datos. Igualmente se analizan características de las revistas como la representatividad por países, la tipología editorial, periodicidad de las cabeceras, antigüedad y la producción medida en artículos. En definitiva, Web of Science demuestra cubrir mejor el área de Educación Iberoamericana que su rival Scopus.
Abstract
El presente trabajo es un análisis de las revistas de Educación iberoamericanas en SciELO Citation Index y Emerging Source Citation Index, dos de los nuevos [...]
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Comunicar: calidad, visibilización e impacto
M. Pérez-Rodríguez, R. García Ruiz, I. Aguaded

Revista Española de Pedagogía (2018).

Abstract
Las revistas científicas del ámbito de las ciencias sociales están experimentando un proceso de cambio para alcanzar los estándares de calidad exigidos por las agencias evaluadoras del conocimiento. Este trabajo plantea una revisión de los principales aspectos que pueden ser mejorados para que las revistas del área puedan lograr un mejor posicionamiento, visibilización e impacto. Considerando su destacada trayectoria, que la convierte en un referente en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, se analiza el modelo de la revista Comunicar, teniendo en cuenta la relación entre artículos recibidos y publicados, la autoría, las metodologías y los criterios de calidad priorizados por la revista. Se concluye con una reflexión acerca de la existencia de una nueva cultura científica, los posibles parámetros de calidad de las revistas y sus indicadores, la importancia del autor de textos científicos y su formación, el establecimiento de temas de interés más allá de lo local o individual, la visibilización y transferencia y la incorporación de otros modos de medir el impacto de los trabajos, más en consonancia con los recursos de la sociedad digital.
Abstract
Las revistas científicas del ámbito de las ciencias sociales están experimentando un proceso de cambio para alcanzar los estándares de calidad [...]
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Operational influence of the nature of the damping considered in the adjustment of the structural response model on the results of the scale factors for operational modal analysis
L. VILLA GARCIA

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2019). Vol. 35, (3), 44

Abstract
The consideration of the assumption of viscous damping as a starting hypothesis in the dynamic analysis of structures can introduce a substantial error in the calculations. This is due to the energy dissipated by the structure in its oscillation being frequency dependent under that premise, while experimentally the opposite becomes apparent, when structural or hysteretic damping is taken into account. The modes of vibration obtained in the operational modal analysis are not scaled, since the magnitude of the excitation on the structure is unknown. For this reason it is necessary to resort to additional calculation procedures, such as the mass change method, to determine the scale factors of each mode. However, all variants of this method, in the current state of the art, have been deduced in the undamped situation. In this paper we analyze the influence of the deviation of the results for the scale factors, obtained by means of a viscous damping analysis, compared to that same deviation determined under the consideration of hysteretic or structural damping, independent of the frequency, whose results align much better with the experimental behavior of the structure.
Abstract
The consideration of the assumption of viscous damping as a starting hypothesis in the dynamic analysis of structures can introduce a substantial error in the calculations. [...]
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Seakeeping with the semi-Lagrangian particle finite element method
P. Nadukandi, B. Servan Camas, P. Becker, J. García-Espinosa

Comp. Part. Mech. (2016). 4: 321-329 (preprint)

Abstract
The application of the semi-Lagrangian particle finite element method (SL–PFEM) for the seakeeping simulation of the wave adaptive modular vehicle under spray generating conditions is presented. The time integration of the Lagrangian advection is done using the explicit integration of the velocity and acceleration along the streamlines (X-IVAS). Despite the suitability of the SL–PFEM for the considered seakeeping application, small time steps were needed in the X-IVAS scheme to control the solution accuracy. A preliminary proposal to overcome this limitation of the X-IVAS scheme for seakeeping simulations is presented.
Abstract
The application of the semi-Lagrangian particle finite element method (SL–PFEM) for the seakeeping simulation of the wave adaptive modular vehicle under spray generating [...]
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A real-time decision support system for the adjustment of sailboat rigging
I. Ortigosa, J. García-Espinosa

Brodogradnja (2015). 66 (4), 39-56

Abstract
The operational complexity and performance requirements of modern racing yachts demand the use of advanced applications, such as a decision support system (DSS) able to assist crew members during navigation. In this article, the authors describe a near-time computational solver as the main piece of a DSS which analyses and monitors the behaviour of sails and rigging. The solver is made up of two different interconnected tools: an iterative FluidStructure Interaction algorithm and an advanced Wireless Sensor Network to monitor rigging. The real-time DSS quantifies crew manoeuvres in physical terms, which are reproduced by a simulation program. It can be used in the design phase of sailing yachts and as an aid for realtime boat performance optimisation and accident prevention. This novel DSS is a useful tool for navigation, especially in races.
Abstract
The operational complexity and performance requirements of modern racing yachts demand the use of advanced applications, such as a decision support system (DSS) able to assist [...]
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Tool development based on FAST for performing design optimization of offshore wind turbines: FASTLognoter
J. Gutiérrez Romero, B. Zamora, J. García-Espinosa, M. Peyrau

Renewable Energy (2012). 55, 69-78, 2012

Abstract
The new engineering FASTLognoter software is presented. This code is essentially the result of the integration of two tools, along with some additional features. Theﬁrst basis tool is FAST (developed by NREL), a comprehensive aeroelastic simulator code for wind turbines. The second basis tool is Lognoter (developed by CompassIS), a general-purpose commercial software for managing and creating engineering forms. The integration of FAST and Lognoter gives a useful, comprehensive and versatile toolkit, which is veriﬁed in this work by means of bibliographic documented cases. An important advantage of the tool presented is the parametric design capability, allowing the user of FAST/AeroDyn/HydroDyn codes to analyze a massive group of cases; therefore, optimal design can be carried out.
Abstract
The new engineering FASTLognoter software is presented. This code is essentially the result of the integration of two tools, along with some additional features. Theﬁrst [...]
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On the interpolation of normal vectors for triangle meshes
P. Ubach de Fuentes, C. Estruch, J. García-Espinosa

International journal for numerical methods in engineering (2013). 96 (4), 247-268

Abstract
This paper analyzes the problem arising from the need to assign information about the normal vectors to the surface at the nodes of a mesh of triangles. Meshes of triangles do not have normals uniquely defined at the nodes. A widely used technique to compute the normal direction at any given node is to compute the weighted average of the normals of each surrounding triangle. The present study proposes new weighting factors to compute the normal directions at the nodes of the mesh of triangles of a general surface. Previous weights found in the literature used the geometric dimensions of the triangles themselves to design the weighting factors. The new factors are proposed using the triangles’ circumscribed circles dimensions. The new weights provide superior results than the ones obtained by previous best practices for a wide range of surfaces. An advanced framework based on the approachability of smooth surfaces by quadrics is presented and used. This framework helps to understand the improved performance of the presented factors with respect to other factors found in the literature. A comprehensive numerical comparison analysis is performed, and the most precise of all factors is clearly identified.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the problem arising from the need to assign information about the normal vectors to the surface at the nodes of a mesh of triangles. Meshes of triangles [...]
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Simulation of Water Circulation over a Model of a Submarine Canyon by Using FIC-FEM Numerical Model
A. German, J. García-Espinosa, M. Espino, M. Maidana Silanes

Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering (2011). 138 (1), 21-29

Abstract
A set of numerical model experiments has been conducted to simulate the circulation driven by oscillatory forcing over a theoretical continental slope configuration used previously in laboratory experiments. The test case considered was the numerical simulation of the flow over a model of a submarine canyon, and the numerical model used in the analysis was a coastal ocean model version based on an adaptation of the finite-calculus–finite-element method (FIC-FEM) approach implemented in the commercial package Tdyn. Two cases were analyzed involving changes in fluid density. Structured and unstructured finite-element spatial discretizations were generated for the same study domain to compare the resulting velocity field with outputs from the laboratory experiments and to assess which mesh provided a better representation of the complex geometry of the channel model and the water circulation process. The comparison between the laboratory results from the reference article and the output of the numerical model showed good agreement in the structure and magnitude of the phaseaveraged and residual velocity fields.
Abstract
A set of numerical model experiments has been conducted to simulate the circulation driven by oscillatory forcing over a theoretical continental slope configuration used previously [...]
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Analysis of a consistency recovery method for the 1D convection–diffusion equation using linear finite elements
P. Nadukandi, E. Oñate, J. García-Espinosa

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (2008). 57 (9), 1291-1320, 2008

Abstract
For residual-based stabilization methods such as streamline-upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) and ﬁnite calculus (FIC), the higher-order derivatives of the residual that appear in the stabilization term vanish when simplicial elements are used. The sub-grid scale method using orthogonal sub-scales (OSS) attempts to recover the lost consistency by using a ﬁne-scale projected residual in the stabilization term. The FIC method may also be cast into an OSS form with very little manipulation using an auxiliary convective projection equation. This paper discusses the gain/loss by recovering the consistency of the discrete residual in the stabilization terms via the form that includes the convective projection (as in the OSS method). We present the von Neumann analysis of the FIC method with recovered consistency (FIC RC) for the 1D convection–diffusion problem and we compare it with the standard Bubnov–Galerkin linear ﬁnite element method and FIC/SUPG methods. The transient analysis is done by examining the discrete dispersion relation of the stabilization methods. The spectral results for the semi-discrete and fully discrete problem are presented with time integration done by the trapezoidal and second-order backward differencing formula schemes. The effect of lumping the effective mass matrix T is considered relative to using a consistent form. The effect of reﬁnement in space and time is also discussed. Finally, an optimal expression for the stabilization parameter for the FIC RC method on a uniform grid and for the steady state is given and its performance in the transient mode is discussed.
Abstract
For residual-based stabilization methods such as streamline-upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) and ﬁnite calculus (FIC), the higher-order derivatives of the residual that [...]
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Computation of turbulent flows using a finite calculus–finite element formulation
E. Oñate, A. Valls, J. García-Espinosa

International journal for numerical methods in fluids (2007). 54 (6‐8), 609-637, 2007

Abstract
We present a formulation for analysis of turbulent incompressible flows using a stabilized finite element method (FEM) based on the finite calculus (FIC) procedure. The stabilization terms introduced by the FIC approach allow to solve a wide range of fluid flow problems at different Reynolds numbers, including turbulent flows, without the need of a turbulence model. Examples of application of the FIC/FEM formulation to the analysis of 2D and 3D incompressible flows at large Reynolds numbers exhibiting turbulence features are presented.
Abstract
We present a formulation for analysis of turbulent incompressible flows using a stabilized finite element method (FEM) based on the finite calculus (FIC) procedure. The stabilization [...]
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Modeling incompressible flows at low and high Reynolds numbers via a finite calculus–finite element approach
E. Oñate, A. Valls, J. García-Espinosa

Journal of Computational Physics (2007). 224 (1), 332-351

Abstract
We present a formulation for incompressible ﬂows analysis using the ﬁnite element method (FEM). The necessary stabilization for dealing with convective eﬀects and the incompressibility condition is modeled via the ﬁnite calculus (FIC) method. The stabilization terms introduced by the FIC formulation allow to solve a wide range of ﬂuid ﬂow problems for low and high Reynolds numbers ﬂows without the need for a turbulence model. Examples of application of the FIC/FEM formulation to the analysis of 2D and 3D incompressible ﬂows with moderate and large Reynolds numbers are presented.
Abstract
We present a formulation for incompressible ﬂows analysis using the ﬁnite element method (FEM). The necessary stabilization for dealing with convective eﬀects and the [...]
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Finite calculus formulations for finite element analysis of incompressible flows. Eulerian, ALE and Lagrangian approaches
E. Oñate, J. García-Espinosa, S. Idelsohn, F. Pin

Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering (2006). 195 (23), 3001-3037

Abstract
We present a general formulation for incompressible ﬂuid ﬂow analysis using the ﬁnite element method (FEM). The standard Eulerian formulation is described ﬁrst. The necessary stabilization for dealing with convective eﬀects and the incompressibility condition are introduced via the ﬁnite calculus (FIC) method. A simple extension of the ﬂuid ﬂow equations to an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) frame adequate for treating ﬂuid–structure interaction problems is brieﬂy presented. A fully Lagrangian formulation called the particle ﬁnite element method (PFEM) is also described. The PFEM is particularly attractive for ﬂuid–structure interaction problems involving large motions of the free surface and breaking waves. Examples of application of the Eulerian, the ALE and the fully lagrangian PFEM formulations are presented.
Abstract
We present a general formulation for incompressible ﬂuid ﬂow analysis using the ﬁnite element method (FEM). The standard Eulerian formulation is described ﬁrst. The [...]
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A Phenomenological Model for the Solidification of Eutectic and Hypoeutectic Alloys Including Recalescence and Undercooling
M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, E. Salsi, A. Zonato

J. of Heat Transfer (2018). (preprint) Vol. 140 (8), pp. 12

Abstract
In this work, a novel phenomenological model is proposed to study the liquid-to-solid phase change of eutectic and hypoeutectic alloy compositions. The objective is to enhance the prediction capabilities of the solidification models based on a-priori definition of the solid fraction as a function of the temperature field. However, the use of models defined at the metallurgical level is avoided to minimize the number of material parameters required. This is of great industrial interest because, on the one hand, the classical models are not able to predict recalescence and undercooling phenomena, and, on the other hand, the complexity as well as the experimental campaign necessary to feed most of the microstructure models available in the literature make their calibration difficult and very dependent on the chemical composition and the treatment of the melt. Contrarily, the proposed model allows for an easy calibration by means of few parameters. These parameters can be easily extracted from the temperature curves recorded at the hot spot of the quick cup test, typically used in the differential thermal analysis (DTA) for the quality control of the melt just before pouring. The accuracy of the numerical results is assessed by matching the temperature curves obtained via DTA of eutectic and hypoeutectic alloys. Moreover, the model is validated in more complex casting experiments where the temperature is measured at different thermocouple locations and the metallurgical features such as grain size and nucleation density are obtained from an exhaustive micrography campaign. The remarkable agreement with the experimental evidence validates the predicting capabilities of the proposed model.
Abstract
In this work, a novel phenomenological model is proposed to study the liquid-to-solid phase change of eutectic and hypoeutectic alloy compositions. The objective is to enhance [...]
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Numerical modelling of microstructure evolution in Friction Stir Welding (FSW)"
N. Dialami, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

Metals (2018). (preprint) Vol. 8 (3), pp. 183

Abstract
This work studies the metallurgical and microstructural aspects of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) in terms of grain size and microhardness. The modelling is based on the combination of an apropos kinematic framework for the local simulation of FSW processes and a material particle tracing technique for tracking the material flow during the weld. The resulting grain size and microhardness values are validated with experimental observations from an identical processed sample. A Sheppard-Wright constitutive relation is adopted to describe the mechanical behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy considered in this work. The strain rate and temperature histories obtained from the numerical model are stored on the tracers. The relationship among the grain size, microhardness, strain rate, and temperature is obtained using Zener-Hollomon parameter and Hall-Petch relationship. A linear description relates the logarithm of average grain size to the logarithm of Zener-Hollomon parameter. The relationship between microhardness and average grain size stands away from the linear trend.
Abstract
This work studies the metallurgical and microstructural aspects of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) in terms of grain size and microhardness. The modelling is based on the combination [...]
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Finite element analysis and experimental validation of the thermomechanical behavior in laser solid forming of Ti-6Al-4V
X. Lu, X. Lin, M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, J. Li, L. Ma, L. Wei, Y. Hu, W. Huang

Additive Manufacturing (2018). (preprint) Vol. 21, pp. 30-40

Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) thermomechanical coupled model for Laser Solid Forming (LSF) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been calibrated through experiments of 40-layers metal deposition using different scanning strategies. The sensitivity analysis of the mechanical parameters shows that the thermal expansion coefficient as well as the elastic limit of Ti-6Al-4V have a great impact on the mechanical behavior. Using the validated model and optimal mechanical parameters, the evolution of thermo-mechanical fields in LSF has been analyzed. It has been found that the stresses and distortions develop in two stages, after the deposition of the first layer and during the cooling phase after the manufacturing of the component. The cooling phase is the responsible of 70% of the residual stresses and 60% of the total distortions. The analyses indicate that by controlling the initial substrate temperature (pre-heating phase) and the final cooling phase it is possible to mitigate both distortion and residual stresses. Hence, the influence of different pre-heating procedures on the mechanical fields has been analyzed. The results show that increasing the pre-heating temperature of the substrate is the most effective way to reduce the distortions and residual stresses in Additive Manufacturing.
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) thermomechanical coupled model for Laser Solid Forming (LSF) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been calibrated through experiments of 40-layers metal [...]
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Appraisement of planar, bending and twisting cracks in 3D with isotropic and orthotropic damage models
G. Barbat, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

International Journal of Fracture (2018). (preprint) Vol. 210 (1-2), pp. 45–79

Abstract
This paper discusses the modeling of cracking in quasi-brittle materials using isotropic and orthotropic damage constitutive laws. A mixed strain/displacement finite element formulation is used, taking advantage of its enhanced precision and its enforced interelemental strain continuity. On the one hand, this formulation avoids the spurious mesh dependency of the computed solution associated to standard elements and does not require the use of tracking techniques. On the other hand, it greatly alleviates the spurious stress locking associated to the use of orthotropic models on standard finite elements. The performance of several isotropic and orthotropic damage constitutive laws is assessed through an extensive comparison with analytical solutions, numerical tests and experimental evidence reported in the literature. The behavior of the different damage models in terms of crack surface, collapse mechanism and force displacement curves is investigated performing 3D analyses in several conditions including Mode I, Mixed Mode and Mode III fracture. When performing the appraisement of planar, bending and twisting cracks, the enhanced accuracy of the mixed formulation allows for a distinct assessment of the several damage models considered. Aspects related to the behavior of damage models, such as the influence of Poisson’s ratio, the shape of the damage surface and the adoption of isotropic and orthotropic models are investigated and noteworthy conclusions are drawn
Abstract
This paper discusses the modeling of cracking in quasi-brittle materials using isotropic and orthotropic damage constitutive laws. A mixed strain/displacement finite element [...]
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A novel positive/negative projection in energy norm for the damage modeling of quasi-brittle solids
J. Wu, M. Cervera

Int. J. Solids and Structures (2018). (preprint) Vol. 139–140, pp. 250–269

Abstract
The asymmetric tensile/compressive material behavior and microcracks closure-reopening (MCR) effects exhibited by quasi-brittle solids are of significant importance to the nonlinear responses of engineering structures under cyclic loading, e.g., earthquake excitations. Based on our previous work (Cervera et al., 1995; Faria et al., 1998; Wu et al., 2006) this work addresses a novel thermodynamically consistent unilateral damage model for concrete. In particular, the positive/negative projection (PNP) of the effective stress tensor and the additive bi-scalar damage constitutive relation are maintained owing to the conceptual simplicity and computational efficiency. It is found that the classical PNP widely adopted in the literature is not optimal for this damage model, since the resulting stiffness is not always of major symmetry. Consequently, a well-defined free energy potential does not exist in general cases and the model cannot be cast into the framework of thermodynamics with internal variables. Furthermore, the damage induced anisotropy cannot be captured, exhibiting excessive lateral deformationsunder uniaxial tension. To overcome the above issues, a novel PNP, variationally interpreted as the closest point projection of the effective stress in energy norm, is proposed with closed-form solution. With the novel PNP, the secant stiffness tensorof the proposed unilateral damage model always possesses major symmetry and exhibits orthotropic behavior under uniaxial tension and mixed tension/compression. The corresponding thermodynamics framework is then given, resulting in an energy release rate based rounded-Rankine type damage criterion appropriate for tensile failure in quasi-brittle solids. Several numerical examples of single-point verifications and benchmark tests are presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed model is capable of characterizing localized failureof concrete under proportional and non-proportional static loading, as well as the MCR effects under seismic cyclic loading.
Abstract
The asymmetric tensile/compressive material behavior and microcracks closure-reopening (MCR) effects exhibited by quasi-brittle solids are of significant [...]
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An unstructured finite element solver for ship hydrodynamics problems
J. García-Espinosa, E. Oñate

Journal of Applied Mechanics (2003). 70(1): 18-26

Abstract
A stabilized semi-implicit fractional step algorithm based on the ﬁnite element method for solving ship wave problems using unstructured meshes is presented. The stabilized gov-erning equations for the viscous incompressible ﬂuid and the free surface are derived at a differential level via a ﬁnite calculus procedure. This allows us to obtain a stabilized numerical solution scheme. Some particular aspects of the problem solution, such as the mesh updating procedure and the transom stern treatment, are presented. Examples of the efﬁciency of the semi-implicit algorithm for the analysis of ship hydrodynamics problems are presented.
Abstract
A stabilized semi-implicit fractional step algorithm based on the ﬁnite element method for solving ship wave problems using unstructured meshes is presented. The stabilized [...]
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A finite element method for fluid-structure interaction with surface waves using a finite calculus formulation
E. Oñate, J. García-Espinosa

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. (2001). 191, 635-660

Abstract
A stabilized semi-implicit fractional step finite element method (FEM) for solving coupled fluid-structure interaction problems involving free surface waves is presented. The stabilized governing equations for the viscous incompressible fluid and the free surface are derived at a differential level via a finite calculus (FIC) procedure. A mesh updating technique based on solving a fictitious elastic problem on the moving mesh is described. Examples of the efficiency of the stabilized semi-implicit algorithm for the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems in totally or partially submerged bodies is presented.
Abstract
A stabilized semi-implicit fractional step finite element method (FEM) for solving coupled fluid-structure interaction problems involving free surface waves is presented. [...]
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Análisis sísmico de estructuras con disipadores de energía ADAS o TADAS
R. Aguiar, M. Rodríguez, D. Mora

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2016). MIS75, ISBN: 978-84-945077-5-5

Abstract
Existe abundante bibliografía sobre disipadores de energía sísmicos, ya que con estos dispositivos se puede reforzar estructuras o contemplarles en el diseño para controlar los desplazamientos y fuerzas debidos a un sismo severo. Pero la mayor parte de esta bibliografía está dirigida a investigadores o profesionales que vienen trabajando en el tema, de tal manera que para un estudiante de pre grado o post grado, que se inicia en esta temática le va a ser bastante difícil entender a ciencia cierta la forma de análisis y diseño sísmico de estructuras con disipadores de energía. Por este motivo se ha escrito esta publicación que trata fundamentalmente sobre el análisis sísmico espacial, de estructuras con disipadores de energía ADAS (Added damping and stiffnes) y TADAS (Triangular plate added damping and stiffness). Se ha desarrollado el estudio para el caso de que estos disipadores se encuentren sobre un contraviento Chevrón, el mismo que ha sido modelado de dos formas, la primera la simplificada como una diagonal equivalente y la segunda como se verá en el apartado 7 modelando al disipador como un elemento más de la estructura. Se considera un modelo de losa rígida para el análisis sísmico, considerando tres grados de libertad por planta y en el apartado 6 se presenta el método de superposición lineal. Sin embargo y pensando en la aplicación del método del espectro de capacidad en el apartado 7 se presentan dos formas de cálculo de la matriz de rigidez del elemento aislador, la primera en forma analítica exacta y la segunda mediante el método de las dovelas; luego se presentan dos modelos para el análisis sísmico de la estructura con disipadores que difieren en la forma de numeración de los grados de libertad. Finalmente, en el apartado 8 se analiza el conjunto diagonales-disipador; conformado por tres elementos para lo cual al disipador se lo considera como un elemento corto cuya matriz de rigidez en coordenadas globales se halla a partir del análisis de una viga de sección variable de forma en X, para los disipadores ADAS y triangular para los TADAS. El marco teórico, que se presenta en los diferentes apartados, está complementado con el análisis sísmico de una estructura de cuatro pisos de hormigón armado, simétrica, que presenta derivas de piso, superiores a las permitidas por las normativas sísmicas, por lo que ha sido reforzada con disipadores de energía ADAS/TADAS. En los anexos se detalla el procedimiento de cálculo de la estructura con disipadores. Para facilitar el análisis sísmico de estructuras con disipadores de energía ADAS/TADAS se presentan programas del sistema de computación CEINCI-LAB que ayudan notablemente al cálculo y el aprendizaje con la lectura detenida de los mismos.
Abstract
Existe abundante bibliografía sobre disipadores de energía sísmicos, ya que con estos dispositivos se puede reforzar estructuras o contemplarles en el [...]
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Modelización probabilista de efectos de sitio en ciudades y su aplicación en Bogotá
G. Bernal, O. Cardona

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2016). MIS74, ISBN: 978-84-945077-6-2

Abstract
A methodology for assessing site effects in cities is presented, which is based on the geometry of the prevailing geological formations and their relation to soft soil deposits. Based on a geological interpretation for the area of the city, the elevation (above sea level) of geological contacts is defined, and a three-dimensional geometric model of the subsoil of the city is obtained. The geotechnical information available is used to map soil types to the geometric model. The static and dynamic characteristics of the soil are defined as random variables and their probability moments are calculated using statistics on the geotechnical data available. A computational rectangular grid must be defined over the city and for each node synthetic stratigraphies are constructed with geotechnical parameters obtained following their probability distributions. The dynamic response is calculated for each node of the grid, by a 1D nonlinear analysis (linear equivalent) using a set of Fourier amplitude spectra generated at bedrock level using a source spectrum model, for different combinations of moment magnitude and rupture distance. Site-specific attenuation functions are generated and used to calculate seismic hazard at surface level. Uniform hazard spectra for 475 years return period are obtained. From these spectra harmonized design spectra to the NSR 10 are generated by random search of Fa and Fv parameters to ensure optimum fit. Following this methodology a site effects model for the city of Bogotá, Colombia, is constructed. This is used to exemplify trhee main direct application: i) obtaining transfer functions of the response spectrum for risk assessment, ii) generating Shake- Maps for emergency response purposes, and iii) the seismic microzonation of the city and obtaining elastic seismic-resistant design spectra.
Abstract
A methodology for assessing site effects in cities is presented, which is based on the geometry of the prevailing geological formations and their relation to soft soil deposits. [...]
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Caracterización de propiedades dinámicas de un puente de autopista en el noroeste de México
M. Calvillo, C. Huerta, F. Espinoza

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2016). MIS73, ISBN: 978-84-945077-4-8

Abstract
Una predicción precisa de la respuesta de estructuras sujetas a sismos, requiere información de sus propiedades dinámicas en sitio, tanto de la estructura como de terreno en su vecindad, incluyendo frecuencias naturales y relaciones de amortiguamiento. En el área de ingeniería civil, hay un creciente interés en procedimientos de análisis modal utilizando señales de salida. Las experiencias reportadas han demostrado que una estimación rápida y confiable de las formas de los modos y frecuencias puede obtenerse, inclusive con cantidades pequeñas de datos. En el presente trabajo se describe el estudio realizado sobre el puente Manantiales ubicado en la carretera de cuota Tijuana-Ensenada, México. En la zona en la que se localiza la estructura se han identificado deslizamientos importantes del suelo, y se han detectado deformaciones en los apoyos, por lo que se hizo necesaria la estimación de las propiedades dinámicas del puente. Por medio de estudios de vibración ambiental se estimó el amortiguamiento y la frecuencia fundamental de la estructura y se hizo una comparación con valores obtenidos teóricamente. Además se obtuvo el patrón de comportamiento de las deflexiones experimentales que se presentaron al centro de cada uno de los claros del puente y se comparó con el estimado teóricamente. Debido a la importancia de conocer las propiedades dinámicas del suelo en el cual se desplanta la estructura, se estimó la función de transferencia de cuatro puntos cercanos al puente Manantiales mediante cocientes espectrales, y se obtuvo el modelo numérico del suelo mediante el método de propagación de ondas en una dimensión, el cual está basado en matrices de rigidez.
Abstract
Una predicción precisa de la respuesta de estructuras sujetas a sismos, requiere información de sus propiedades dinámicas en sitio, tanto de la estructura [...]
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Espectros de control para ciudad de Quito-Ecuador
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2015). MIS72, ISBN: 978-84-944244-3-4

Abstract
En esta publicación se presenta, en primer lugar, las fallas ciegas inversas de Quito, denominadas de sur a norte: Puengasí; Ilumbisí-La Bota (ILB); Carcelén el Inca (CI); Bellavista Catequilla (BC) y Tangahuilla. Luego se determina para varios rangos de magnitud, el período de recurrencia de cada segmento de falla empleando el modelo de Gutenberg y Richter modificado y truncado desde una magnitud mínima a una magnitud máxima. Después se indica una zonificación de los suelos de Quito, basada en la velocidad de la onda de corte en los treinta primeros metros. Para el efecto se consideró como base la clasificación de suelos realizada por la Politécnica Nacional en el 2002 y estudios de sísmica de refracción realizados por ERN para la microzonificación sísmica de Quito en el 2011; estudios para el Metro de Quito y estudios realizados por el autor de ésta publicación para reforzar Centros de Educación Municipales. Posteriormente se presentan los modelos de movimientos fuertes desarrollados por Abrahamson et al. (2014); Campbell y Borzognia (2014); Chiou y Youngs (2014), que sirven para encontrar espectros de respuesta elástica y leyes de atenuación del movimiento del suelo de sismos que se registran en fallas corticales.
Abstract
En esta publicación se presenta, en primer lugar, las fallas ciegas inversas de Quito, denominadas de sur a norte: Puengasí; Ilumbisí-La Bota (ILB); Carcelén [...]
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Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de estructuras de acero residenciales del Ecuador
J. Vielma, M. Cando

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2015). MIS70, ISBN: 978-84-943928-1-8

Abstract
Nowadays, there are a large number works focused on determining the seismic vulnerability of structures. This feature is not accidental, but rather the product of concern to the scientific, professional and organizations responsible for risk management community to reduce the destructive effects caused by earthquakes in the infrastructure and society. Globally destructive events that have occurred during the previous and present decades have contributed to this initiative; among them, the Sichuan, China (2008), Port au Prince, Haiti (2010), Maule, Chile (2010) or Tohoku, Japan (2011) earthquakes can be mentioned, which had as consequences many dead, injured and homeless people. It is well known that an earthquake can cause humanitarian disasters not only by the number of casualties and injured people but also for the destruction of cities where thousands of families live and work. All the above mentioned reasons reveal the need of revision and improvement of the seismic design codes, construction practices and policies that allow buildings to have a better performance against the strong ground motions. This is the context in which this work was developed. It contains results of a research entitled "Evaluation of seismic vulnerability of residential steel structures designed according to current Ecuadorian codes and the AISC seismic provisions for structural steel buildings" that has been developed in Ecuador with the support of Prometeo Project, sponsored by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT) of that Country.
Abstract
Nowadays, there are a large number works focused on determining the seismic vulnerability of structures. This feature is not accidental, but rather the product of concern [...]
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Contribuciones a la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificios
J. Vielma

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2014). MIS68, ISBN: 978-84-941686-9-7

Abstract
Una de las principales preocupaciones de los especialistas relacionados con el medio construido tiene que ver con la capacidad de las estructuras para soportar acciones excepcionales. Entre éstas está el efecto de los fenómenos ambientales y naturales que imponen cargas extraordinarias que, de forma inesperada, pueden afectar a los edificios, provocando una respuesta que puede conducir al daño de componentes estructurales y no estructurales o, incluso, al colapso de la estructura. Entre las acciones extraordinarias que pueden afectar las estructuras dentro de la ventana de vida útil se encuentran las producidas por el viento y los terremotos, entre los más importantes. Tanto el daño parcial como el colapso de los edificios pueden afectar a las personas que habitan o realizan actividades en estas, produciéndo heridos o incluso fallecidos y enormes pérdidas económicas. Dentro de este contexto se han venido desarrollando trabajos de investigación que han tenido como objetivo determinar la vulnerabilidad sísmica de los edificios, con el fin de conocer cuál sería su comportamiento frente a la acción hipotética de un sismo determinado. En esta monografía se recogen contribuciones en este campo que se organizan en nueve capítulos.
Abstract
Una de las principales preocupaciones de los especialistas relacionados con el medio construido tiene que ver con la capacidad de las estructuras para soportar acciones excepcionales. [...]
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Respuesta dinámica de un edificio considerando el efecto de interacción suelo-estructura
F. Diaz-Guzman, F. Espinoza, R. Sanchez, C. Huerta

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2012). MIS67, ISBN: 978-84-939640-1-6

Abstract
En esta monografía se presenta el análisis de un edificio de 12 niveles de elementos prefabricados en la ciudad de Ensenada donde se determina la respuesta dinámica considerando al edificio apoyado en base rígida y teniendo en cuenta el efecto de interacción suelo-estructura, en el cual se considera a la estructura apoyada en suelo blando. Se lleva a cabo un análisis lineal para evaluar la respuesta dinámica de la estructura bajo condiciones de cargas gravitacionales establecidas en un reglamento mexicano, específicamente, en el Capítulo 5 y 6 de las Normas Técnicas Complementarias sobre Criterios y Acciones para el Diseño Estructural de las Edificaciones del DF (2004). Se realiza la obtención y distribución de las fuerzas sísmicas laterales de la estructura apoyada en base rígida utilizándose los criterios de diseño y análisis estructural del Capítulo 9 de las Normas Técnicas Complementarias para Diseño por Sismo del DF (2004), que corresponden al análisis dinámico modal. La respuesta del edificio producida por el efecto de interacción suelo-estructura se determina aplicando el método mencionado en el apéndice A de estas mismas normas. Se evalúa la respuesta de sitio donde se recurre al uso de la vibración ambiental y posteriormente, mediante el método de Nakamura, se obtiene el periodo predominante del suelo necesario para estimar la relevancia del efecto de interacción suelo-estructura. En el transcurso de esta monografía, se presentan estudios de algunos autores sobre la consideración y consecuencias del efecto de interacción suelo-estructura en el análisis sísmico de edificios. Además se muestran los procedimientos a seguir para determinar la respuesta dinámica de la estructura en estudio con base rígida y considerando el efecto de interacción suelo-estructura. También se presentan las distorsiones de entrepiso, que se determinan a partir de los desplazamientos relativos de cada nivel, para la estructura con base rígida y considerando el efecto de interacción suelo-estructura. Por último se hizo la comparación de ambas distorsiones con los valores máximos permitidos de las Normas Técnicas Complementarias para Diseño por Sismo del DF (2004) establecidos en la sección 1.8 y apéndice A.4.
Abstract
En esta monografía se presenta el análisis de un edificio de 12 niveles de elementos prefabricados en la ciudad de Ensenada donde se determina la respuesta [...]
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Modelización numérica del comportamiento estructural de barras de pandeo restringido
J. Castro, F. López-Almansa, S. Oller

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2011). MIS66, ISBN: 978-84-95999-12-2

Abstract
Los disipadores de energía son elementos pasivos que se incorporan a edificios y a otras construcciones que, pueden estar sometidas a acciones dinámicas, especialmente movimientos sísmicos. Su finalidad es absorber la mayor parte de la energía introducida en la estructura por la excitación, protegiendo de esta manera la estructura principal. Estos dispositivos son relativamente ajenos a la estructura, en el sentido que no participan en la resistencia a cargas verticales, y, por tanto, son fácilmente reemplazadas después de sufrir daños importantes. Se conectan a la estructura a proteger de forma que cuando ésta sufre la acción del terremoto, se generan deformaciones importantes en los disipadores produciéndose de esta manera la absorción de energía. En estructuras de edificación, los disipadores se colocan en pórticos; habitualmente en barras de arriostramiento concéntrico entre plantas, (generalmente diagonales o en V invertida) ya que, al producirse desplazamientos relativos entre plantas (“interstory drift”), aparecen deformaciones apreciables en estos elementos. Se han propuesto distintos tipos de disipadores para estructuras de edificación. Los basados en plastificación de metales, conocidos habitualmente como histeréticos, destacan por su sencillez, economía y robustez; de entre éstos las denominadas barras de pandeo restringido han conocido un notable desarrollo por poseer ventajas relevantes. Básicamente son barras concéntricas de arriostramiento, constituidas por un núcleo delgado de acero que se rodea de un revestimiento, generalmente de mortero y/o acero. Es de vital importancia que exista un interfaz, entre el núcleo y el revestimiento, que permita el deslizamiento entre ambos para evitar que parte de las estensiones del núcleo se plastifica, ya que el revestimiento impide su pandeo; estos ciclos de plastificación por tracción y compresión cosntituyen los lazos de histéresis a través de los cuales se disipa energía. A pesar de la notable experiencia, tanto a nivel de investigación como de aplicaciones prácticas, que existe sobre las barras de pandeo restringido, aún quedan numerosos interrogantes abiertos. En particular, no han sido propuesto ningún modelo numérico que simule con exactitud y fiabilidad su comportamiento estructural, ya que, éste es notablemente complejo, debido al trabo conjunto y multiaxial de distintos materiales (acero del núcleo,mortero y acero del revestimiento). Esta ausencia impide comprender a fondo los fenómenos complejos que suceden durante la operación de estos elementos, y dificulta el desarrollo de soluciones innovadora, ya que no es posible conocer con exactitud su comportamiento de barras de pandeo restringido formadas por un núcleo de acero, un interfaz deslizante y un revestimiento de mortero eventualmente rodeado por una funda exterior de acero. En el modelo numérico propuesto, el acero tiene un comportamiento elastoplástico con endurecimiento cinemático isótropo. Para el mortero que le rodea se han desarrollado u modelo isótropo de daño. La parte de acero del revestimiento (funda) se homogeneiza al mortero. La interfaz entre el núcleo de acero puede penetrar en el mortero. En el presente trabajo, estos modelos se implementan en subrutinas del programa Abaqus/Explicit, permitiendo comprobar el funcionamiento del modelo que se propone. Los resultados obtenidos, con este modelo numérico, se compararon con los resultados experimentales obtenidos en la Universidad de Girona y en la Universidad de California.
Abstract
Los disipadores de energía son elementos pasivos que se incorporan a edificios y a otras construcciones que, pueden estar sometidas a acciones dinámicas, especialmente [...]
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Theoretical and experimental analysis of dissipative buckling restrained barces
G. Palazzo, F. López-Almansa, X. Cahís, F. Crisafulli

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2011). MIS64, ISBN: 978-84-96736-98-6

Abstract
Buckling restrained braces are passive energy dissipators used for seismic protection of building frames; such devices consist of slender steel bars connected usually to the frame to be protected either like conventional (concentric) diagonal braces or like chevron braces. Under horizontal seismic motions, the interstory drifts generate axial strains in the steel bars beyond their yielding points; such tension-compression cycles constitute the hysteresis loops. The buckling of the steel bars (core) is prevented by embedding them in a stockiest encasing; it consists usually of a steel tube filled with mortar. A crucial issue is to allow sliding between the core and the encasing to prevent relevant shear stress transfer. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of buckling restrained braces; the final objective is to foster its mass use in developing countries (in earthquake prone regions), particularly for reinforced concrete building frames. The research approach consists of designing, producing and testing (in Argentina) five reduced scale dissipators (about 400 mm long) and of taking profit of the gained experience to design, to produce and to test (in Spain) four full size (near 3000 mm long) prototype devices. All these tests are individual, i.e. no subassemblies (accounting for the building frames) are considered. The main conclusion is that it is possible to obtain a reasonably cheap (about 1000 US$ per unit; this amount corresponds to production in Spain (summer 2006) without optimizing the fabrication process), efficient, robust, low maintenance and durable prototype device requiring only a low-tech production process (suitable for developing countries). Moreover, the results show that the fatigue life of buckling restrained braces, even highly uncertain, can be significantly bigger than expected (according to some previously published results); it might allow extending the life of these devices after a number of strong seismic inputs. A numerical analysis of the buckling behavior of these devices is performed; it allows formulating some design recommendations. Further research needs are identified.
Abstract
Buckling restrained braces are passive energy dissipators used for seismic protection of building frames; such devices consist of slender steel bars connected usually to [...]
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Reliability problems in eartquake engineering
J. Hurtado

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2010). MIS63, ISBN: 978-84-96736-86-3

Abstract
This monograph deals with the problem of reliability analysis in the field of Earthquake Engineering. Chapter 1 is devoted to a summary of the most widely used reliability methods, with emphasis on Monte Carlo and solver surrogate techniques used in the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 presents a discussion of the Monte Carlo from the viewpoint of Information Theory. Then, a discussion is made in Chapter 3 on the selection of random variables in Earthquake Engineering. Next, some practical methods for computing failure probabilities under seismic loads are reported in Chapter 4. Finally, a method for reliability-based design optimization under seismic loads is presented in Chapter 5.
Abstract
This monograph deals with the problem of reliability analysis in the field of Earthquake Engineering. Chapter 1 is devoted to a summary of the most widely used reliability [...]
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Between broadcast yourself and broadcast whatever: YouTube’s homepage as a synthesis of its business strategy
M. De-Aguilera-Moyano, A. Castro-Higueras, J. Pérez-Rufí

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 86

Abstract
YouTube is a company representative of its original context, Web 2.0, that originally positioned itself as an open and collaborative platform to broadcast videos created by all kinds of users; their slogan was, and remains, Broadcast yourself. The acquisition of YouTube by Google introduced it in the search for profit in the framework of OTT (over the top) communication. The YouTube homepage reveals the successive business policies followed by the platform. In this work we analyze the evolution of the unlogged homepage of YouTube Spain between 2009 and 2018. We observe the gradual disappearance of the videos produced by private users and its replacement by those made by professional users (youtubers) and cultural industries. There is a remarkable parallelism between the implementation of business models and the greater or lesser recommendation of video from one kind of user or another.
Abstract
YouTube is a company representative of its original context, Web 2.0, that originally positioned itself as an open and collaborative platform to broadcast videos created by [...]
- 52
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Privacy paradox in the mobile environment: The influence of the emotions
F. Sarabia-Sánchez, J. Aguado, I. Martínez-Martínez

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 84

Abstract
The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain through rational decision-making models the contradictions between stated digital privacy concerns and the actual behaviors in mobile platforms. An analysis of the emotions that arise when users know about unauthorized personal data disclosure is proposed. A survey of smartphone users was conducted shortly after the Cambridge Analytica / Facebook scandal took place, in order to analyze the nature and intensity of a user’s emotions in relation to their knowledge of privacy breaches. The results support the paradox of privacy from an emotional perspective: although the reported emotions are intense, there is no relationship between the management that users make of their privacy settings in social networks and mobile applications and the nature and intensity of the emotions reported.
Abstract
The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain [...]
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Journalists view on the evolution of the (metaphorical) ecosystem of communication about health and biomedicine
G. Revuelta-de-la-Poza

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 82

Abstract
The perception of specialized journalists about the transformations of public communication of health and biomedicine in Spain in the last two decades was analysed. Twenty semi-structured interviews were performed. In the analysis, the metaphorical concept of "ecosystem" has been used. According to the interviewees, the main "environmental" changes have been technological (highlighting the expansion and diversity of online information and the impact of social networks). There is a multiplication and diversification of the "species" of information sources. Within this, specialized sources (researchers and health professionals) and civil associations (patients and consumers) have increased their visibility, but "opportunistic species" have also emerged, such as the promoters of fake-news and pseudotherapies. Despite recognizing that their work "environment" has worsened and perceiving the dependence on clickbait and network positioning as a threat, health journalists value their profession with satisfaction.
Abstract
The perception of specialized journalists about the transformations of public communication of health and biomedicine in Spain in the last two decades was analysed. Twenty [...]
- 7
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Dr. Google, what can you tell me about homeopathy? Comparative study of the top10 websites in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Mexico and Spain
L. Cano-Orón

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 80

Abstract
Users access to Google to find out about health issues is frequent among citizens. This research analyzes the best results of three generic searches on homeopathy, collected in four waves in five countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Specifically, the fluctuation of the corpus ranking is studied, and a sample of the ten best-positioned pages in each country is taken to analyze their content (the authorship of the website, the stance of the effectiveness of homeopathy, the presence of controversy and the type of content). The results show that the ranking is stable; that the stance of homeopathy is linked to the state of public opinion in the country; the majority of better-positioned websites being of news published in the media.
Abstract
Users access to Google to find out about health issues is frequent among citizens. This research analyzes the best results of three generic searches on homeopathy, collected [...]
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Editorial: La relevancia del evaluador de una publicación científica
L. Casadei

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (1), 7
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Analysis of vaccine and anti-vaccine information on social networks and internet. Visual and emotional patterns of their stimulus
U. Cuesta-Cambra, L. Martínez-Martínez, J. Niño-González

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 78

Abstract
This research analyzes the flow of information and communication about vaccines and anti-vaccines through the monitoring of issuers, groups, news sites and messages in RRSS. We also investigate its effects on attention, emotion and engagement analyzed with Eye Tracking, GSR and Facial Expression respectively. Results: the flow of communication is unstable, in press and sites and informative and neutral tendency, often with non-professional sources. On RRSS, anti-vaccine Facebook messages and groups are identified and an exploratory mapping of influencers is presented. Analysis of the temporal evolution (years 2015 to 2018) of communicative flows showed a positive evolutions: antivaccine tendencies decrease. Emotional responses and engagement do not show differences between antivaccines and vaccines: this important data is interpreted in the terms of processing by heuristics. Gender differences appeared in the pattern of exploration of the information and the emotion provoked (GSR and Expression).
Abstract
This research analyzes the flow of information and communication about vaccines and anti-vaccines through the monitoring of issuers, groups, news sites and messages in RRSS. [...]
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Disruption index depends on length of citation window
L. Bornmann, A. Tekles

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 76

Abstract
In the context of recent developments in scientometrics to measure novelty or creative potential, Wu, Wang, and Evans (2019) propose a new disruption index that measures the extent to which a publication disrupts the field of science. We calculated the disruption index for some example papers. The analyses of the index values (using our Web of Science in-house database) show that they depend on the citation window (the period of time over which citations are collected).
Abstract
In the context of recent developments in scientometrics to measure novelty or creative potential, Wu, Wang, and Evans (2019) propose a new disruption index that measures the [...]
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Active audiences and social discussion on the digital public sphere. Review article
P. Masip, C. Ruiz-Caballero, J. Suau

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 74

Abstract
In little over a decade, essential concepts in research on communication have become zombie concepts (Beck; Willms, 2004) and are no longer effective for understanding the profound transformation that has taken place with the arrival of the internet. Public sphere, deliberation, audiences, public... the academic literature has oscillated between an initial optimism about the potential for strengthening democracy of communication technologies to a critical scepticism. This text reviews the academic literature with regard to the forms of social deliberation adopted in the context of the media and social networks and its impact on the public sphere.
Abstract
In little over a decade, essential concepts in research on communication have become zombie concepts (Beck; Willms, 2004) and are no longer effective for understanding the [...]
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Challenges and perspectives in the biomedical information ecosystem
G. Casino

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 72

Abstract
The new information flows and the collapse of the journalistic monopoly in the intermediation with the public, have created opportunities and dysfunctions in biomedical information. To the problems of hype and commercialization, those related to the lack of filters and the diffusion of bad science have been added. This article discusses the challenges posed by these problems and the perspectives in academic research, communication and journalism.
Abstract
The new information flows and the collapse of the journalistic monopoly in the intermediation with the public, have created opportunities and dysfunctions in biomedical information. [...]
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Audiencias activas y discusión social en la esfera pública digital. Artículo de revisión
P. Masip, C. Ruiz-Caballero, J. Suau

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 70

Abstract
En poco más de una década, conceptos esenciales de la investigación sobre comunicación se han convertido en conceptos zombis (Beck; Willms, 2004) y no son eficaces para comprender la profunda transformación que se ha producido con la irrupción de internet. Esfera pública, deliberación, audiencias, público... La bibliografía académica ha oscilado entre un optimismo inicial sobre las posibilidades de fortalecimiento de la democracia de las tecnologías de la comunicación a un escepticismo crítico. Este texto revisa la bibliografía académica en relación a las formas de deliberación social adoptadas en el contexto de los medios de comunicación y de las redes sociales y su incidencia en la esfera pública.
Abstract
En poco más de una década, conceptos esenciales de la investigación sobre comunicación se han convertido en conceptos zombis (Beck; Willms, 2004) y no son eficaces para [...]
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Contributions to the formulation to the barquisimeto local urban development plan
G. Fernández

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (1), 6

Abstract
Barquisimeto, capital del Estado Lara, Venezuela, cuenta con un Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Local aprobado en agosto de 2003 cuya vigencia se estimaba hasta el 2016, razón por la cual las autoridades municipales tienen la responsabilidad de asumir su actualización o la formulación de un nuevo plan que rija el ordenamiento urbanístico de la ciudad por los próximos veinte años. La formulación del plan es una tarea que debe considerar todas las dimensiones que integran el desarrollo de la ciudad dado el imprescindible enfoque multisectorial, requiriendo resolver algunos problemas en la dinámica urbana, así como algunas debilidades del instrumento vigente. A través del presente trabajo se propone un conjunto de ideas sobre aspectos clave que debe abordar el nuevo instrumento, como son: considerar los acuerdos internacionales relativos a los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible y la nueva agenda urbana, el rol de Barquisimeto en la subregión, la integración de las zonas de barrios, la incorporación de Transbarca, la consideración de nuevos centros y dinámicas de empleo, revisar la zonificación, innovar en cuanto a la dotación de equipamientos y la protección del patrimonio edificado, incorporar programas de actuaciones urbanas bajo la perspectiva de los planes estratégicos y, finalmente, la estrategia de instrumentar el plan macro con micro planes. Para lograr el propósito del trabajo, se identifican fuentes de información y experiencias locales, nacionales e internacionales que servirán de referencia al equipo profesional que asuma el reto de diseñar el nuevo Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Local.
Abstract
Barquisimeto, capital del Estado Lara, Venezuela, cuenta con un Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Local aprobado en agosto de 2003 cuya vigencia se estimaba hasta el 2016, razón [...]
- 14
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Many changes and some certainties for research and special libraries, and documentation centers
L. Anglada

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 68

Abstract
It is argued that despite the many changes being experienced by research and specialized libraries, and documentation centers, which cause them doubts about their future, there are some certainties that allow these centers to properly address their activities. It is proposed to distinguish between minor and profound changes and it is affirmed that, for information centers, the fundamental change has been to go from a situation in which information was scarce and the time to look for it abundant, to another in which time to look for information is scarce and information is abundant. This should help redirect the activities of the information centers -following M. Buckland- to stop focusing on the ‘information- as-an-object’ to concentrate on the ‘information-as-a-process’. Two consolidated movements should help them to guide their future: the Open Science and the Digital Humanities. Some information products that reflect a change in the ways people approach and use information are examined: Museo del Prado’s The Collection, Transcribe Bentham, eBird and Mapa Literari Català. Finally, the author recommends to documentation centers, and specialized and research libraries to guide their services to digitize their heritage collections in an enriched manner, to promote citizen participation, and to create and strengthen communities.
Abstract
It is argued that despite the many changes being experienced by research and specialized libraries, and documentation centers, which cause them doubts about their future, [...]
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Digital journalism: 25 years of research. Review article
R. Salaverría

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 66

Abstract
In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality and common practice in professional and academic circles. Based on an extensive bibliographic review, this article examines the main areas of academic research related to digital media at the global level in the last quarter of a century. It shows the lines of research on the history of journalism on the Internet, the forms of digital media, their languages and economic challenges. It also reviews the most widespread research theories and methods. The analysis confirms that research on digital journalism is a strong, ongoing discipline, despite the fact that several methodological and thematic challenges will need to be addressed in the next few years.
Abstract
In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality [...]
- 13
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Off-page SEO and link building: General strategies and authority transfer in the digital news media
C. Lopezosa, L. Codina, C. Gonzalo-Penela

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 64

Abstract
In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole purpose is to improve the website authority of the advertisers and their search engine rankings. To do so, it employs two basic methodologies: first, it undertakes a systematic review of off-page SEO practices, the digital press and native advertising; and, second, it reports a case study based on the identification and analysis of 150 news items that contain specially commissioned links resulting from a commercial transaction. The study provides evidence of a new revenue stream for the digital news media, one that is not clearly disclosed and which is based on the sale of links. The article includes a discussion of the case study findings, and presents future guidelines for the use of paid links based on the emerging concept of ‘native advertising’.
Abstract
In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole [...]
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Digital journalism: 25 years of research. Review article
R. Salaverría

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 62

Abstract
In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality and common practice in professional and academic circles. Based on an extensive bibliographic review, this article examines the main areas of academic research related to digital media at the global level in the last quarter of a century. It shows the lines of research on the history of journalism on the Internet, the forms of digital media, their languages and economic challenges. It also reviews the most widespread research theories and methods. The analysis confirms that research on digital journalism is a strong, ongoing discipline, despite the fact that several methodological and thematic challenges will need to be addressed in the next few years.
Abstract
In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality [...]
- 18
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Evaluation of 'GIS' related tools and their applications in the rivers hydraulic modeling
D. Rodríguez, W. Torrealba, J. Rincón

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (1), 5

Abstract
The research work presented was carried out with the purpose of evaluating GISWater and HECgeoRAS Geographic Information System (GIS) related tools, which function as a connection node between the HEC-RAS model and the QGIS and ArcGIS software respectively. . Here the conditions of creation of the digital model of the land are leveled, with the purpose of obtaining a final result from a parity of circumstances. The case study chosen to obtain the results was the Quebrada Borure located in the city of Barquisimeto, State of Lara, Venezuela. Once both solutions provided by the HEC-RAS hydraulic modeler were obtained, the correlation between both products was determined, being high, close to the value of the unit, reason why it could be concluded that both tools are applicable in the data processing for the HEC-RAS model, with the advantage that GISWater is a free license and works under the geographic information system QGIS with the same characteristics.
Abstract
The research work presented was carried out with the purpose of evaluating GISWater and HECgeoRAS Geographic Information System (GIS) related tools, which function as a connection [...]
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Semantic enrichment for enhancing LAM data and supporting digital humanities. Review article
M. Zeng

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 60

Abstract
With the rapid development of the digital humanities (DH) field, demands for historical and cultural heritage data have generated deep interest the data provided by libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs). In order to enhance LAM data’s quality and discoverability while enabling a self-sustaining ecosystem, “semantic enrichment” becomes a strategy increasingly used by LAMs during recent years. This article introduces a number of semantic enrichment methods and efforts that can be applied to LAM data at various levels, aiming to support deeper and wider exploration and use of LAM data in DH research. The real cases, research projects, experiments, and pilot studies shared in this article demonstrate endless potential for LAM data, whether they are structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, regardless of what types of original artifacts carry the data. Following their roadmaps would encourage more effective initiatives and strengthen this effort to maximize LAM data’s discoverability, use- and reuse-ability, and their value in the mainstream of DH and Semantic Web.
Abstract
With the rapid development of the digital humanities (DH) field, demands for historical and cultural heritage data have generated deep interest the data provided by libraries, [...]
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Scholarly reputation building in the digital age: an activity-specific approach. Review article
E. Herman, D. Nicholas

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 58

Abstract
Seeking to understand how today's scholars may, indeed should go about building, maintaining and showcasing their professional reputation, the literature review presented here explores the reputational opportunities available to them in the increasingly open-values based, digital and networked environment of Science 2.0. Using a conceptual framework developed with the help of the European Commission and specifically designed for conducting analytical reviews and audits of the reputational value of scholarly activities, this study, examines in some detail the practices –more than 30 of them- that comprise the present-day scientific undertaking from a reputation-accruing angle.
Abstract
Seeking to understand how today's scholars may, indeed should go about building, maintaining and showcasing their professional reputation, the literature review presented [...]
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Reimagining the academic library: What to do next. Review article
D. Lewis

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 56

Abstract
This article reviews the conclusions of the author’s 2016 book, Reimagining the academic library and considers changes in scholarly communication and academic libraries that have taken place since its publication. Recommendations for alterations in the practice of individual libraries are provided. The problem of created integrated community-controlled open infrastructure is considered at length, especially the collective action problem that the library community must overcome.
Abstract
This article reviews the conclusions of the author’s 2016 book, Reimagining the academic library and considers changes in scholarly communication and academic libraries [...]
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La visión de los periodistas sobre la evolución del ecosistema (metafórico) de la comunicación sobre salud y biomedicina
G. Revuelta-de-la-Poza

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 54

Abstract
Se analiza la percepción de los periodistas especializados sobre las transformaciones de la comunicación pública de la salud y la biomedicina en España en las dos últimas décadas. Se han realizado 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas. En el análisis se ha utilizado el concepto metafórico de “ecosistema”. Según los entrevistados, los principales cambios “ambientales” han sido tecnológicos (destacan la expansión y diversidad de la información online y los efectos de las redes sociales). Se percibe una multiplicación y diversificación de la “especie-fuentes de información”. Dentro de ésta, han aumentado su visibilidad las fuentes especializadas (investigadores y profesionales sanitarios) y las asociaciones civiles (pacientes y consumidores), pero también emergen “especies oportunistas”, como los promotores de fake-news y de pseudoterapias. Los periodistas de salud, a pesar de reconocer que su “ambiente” laboral ha empeorado y de percibir como amenaza la dependencia respecto al clickbait y al posicionamiento en redes, valoran su profesión con satisfacción.
Abstract
Se analiza la percepción de los periodistas especializados sobre las transformaciones de la comunicación pública de la salud y la biomedicina en España en las dos últimas [...]
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Análisis de la Información de vacunas y antivacunas en RRSS e internet y de los patrones visuales y emocionales de estímulos fake vs. real
U. Cuesta-Cambra, L. Martínez Martínez, J. Niño-González

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 52

Abstract
Este trabajo analiza el flujo de información y comunicación de vacunas y antivacunas mediante la monitorización de emisores, grupos, noticias en sites y mensajes en RRSS. También se investigan sus efectos sobre la atención, la emoción y el engagement analizados con Eye Tracking, GSR y Facial Expression respectivamente. Resultados: el flujo de comunicación es inestable, en prensa y sites y de carácter informativo y neutro, frecuentemente con fuentes no profesionales. En RRSS se identifican mensajes y grupos de Facebook antivacuna y se presenta un mapping exploratorio de influencers. El análisis de la evolución temporal de los flujos comunicativos (años 2015 al 2018) mostraron evoluciones positivas: disminuye la tendencia antivacunas. Las respuestas emocionales y el engagement no arrojan diferencias entre vacunas-antivacunas: este importante dato se interpreta en términos de procesamiento por heurísticos. Sorprendentemente, aparecieron diferencias de género en el patrón de exploración de la información y emoción provocada (GSR y Expression).
Abstract
Este trabajo analiza el flujo de información y comunicación de vacunas y antivacunas mediante la monitorización de emisores, grupos, noticias en sites y mensajes en RRSS. [...]
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Applications of blockchain technology in scientific documentation: current situation and perspectives
A. Ferrer-Sapena, E. Sánchez-Pérez

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 50

Abstract
Blockchain technology is being introduced in all areas and procedures of verification, identification and recording of the virtual world. Some of its applications are simple translations of methods that are already being developed in other technical supports, but most of them provide new utilities that can change the technological context of scientific documentation. In this article we present an updated panorama of the initiatives based on blockchain for the management of scientific and technological documentation, highlighting those aspects that make this new technology a differentiated and authentically novel tool. A critical analysis with theoretical and practical considerations on its potential use completes the content of this work.
Abstract
Blockchain technology is being introduced in all areas and procedures of verification, identification and recording of the virtual world. Some of its applications are simple [...]
- 55
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Do online support groups influence the well-being of patients with diabetes?
N. Herrero, L. Mas-Manchón, F. Guerrero-Solé

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 48

Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most challenging long-term diseases (LTD) nowadays. Diabetes is associated with dietary restrictions, medical treatments and a strict life style, and has important emotional implications. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of participating in online support groups (OSG) and participants’ emotional well-being, social support, self-esteem and motivation. An online survey was disseminated in online forums about diabetes, in Spanish (N = 344). Results show that participating in OSGs has a significant influence on the four variables analyzed. However, the direction of this influence depends on participants’ type of diabetes. Participating in OSG is associated with an increase in self-reported social support and motivation for type 2 patients with diabetes, while it is associated with a decrease of both variables for type 1 patients. No differences were observed for emotional well-being and self-esteem. These results have direct implications for both people with type 1 and 2 diabetes and medical professionals in managing online communications more effectively.
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most challenging long-term diseases (LTD) nowadays. Diabetes is associated with dietary restrictions, medical treatments and a strict life style, and [...]
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Additive manufacturing technologies for biomedical engineering applications: Research trends and scientific impact
E. Zarrabeitia-Bilbao, I. Alvarez-Meaza, R. Rio-Belver, G. Garechana-Anacabe

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 46

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, technologies that produce three-dimensional parts layer by layer from a material, have the potential to revolutionize the paradigm of manufacturing. Furthermore, in recent years AM technologies have sparked intense interest for developing medical implants, devices and scaffolds. In this context, the main objective of this article is to present an overall view of the trends and the impact of the research carried out in AM technologies for biomedical engineering applications. Therefore, to achieve the main objective, a research trend and scientific impact analysis model has been designed and implemented, which carries out a bibliometric indicator analysis, in general, and a web indicator analysis, in particular. The findings obtained will advance the means of visualizing the state of research in AM for biomedical engineering technologies.
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, technologies that produce three-dimensional parts layer by layer from a material, have the potential to revolutionize the paradigm [...]
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La información importa: narrativa de las webs de las clínicas de fertilidad en España
L. Mohammadi

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 44

Abstract
Uno de los hitos más importantes en la tecnología de reproducción asistida es la técnica de preservación del ovocito, la cual permite a las mujeres preservar sus óvulos cuando existe la posibilidad de que pierdan su fertilidad en el futuro. A pesar del estado aún experimental de este procedimiento, las clínicas de fertilidad lo recomiendan ampliamente a mujeres con buena salud que desean posponer la maternidad por razones sociales. Dado que en las webs de las clínicas de fertilidad aparecen numerosas recomendaciones y promociones sobre esta tecnología, parece importante analizar las técnicas de comunicación persuasiva que utilizan a través de internet. Se aplica una metodología mixta de análisis de contenido y análisis de discurso desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los frames. Luego, se realiza un análisis en profundidad del contenido de los webs de las clínicas de fertilidad en España, describiendo sus estrategias de comunicación e información en relación a la preservación de la fertilidad por razones sociales. Los resultados confirman la inconsistencia que existe en la claridad de la información proporcionada por estas webs, dado que la información es estructurada con la intención de atraer a más mujeres a contratar los servicios de congelación de óvulos.
Abstract
Uno de los hitos más importantes en la tecnología de reproducción asistida es la técnica de preservación del ovocito, la cual permite a las mujeres preservar sus óvulos [...]
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Dr. Google, ¿qué me puede decir sobre la homeopatía? Estudio comparativo de las top10 webs en EEUU, Reino Unido, Francia, México y España
L. Cano-Orón

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 42

Abstract
El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas genéricas sobre homeopatía, recogidos en cuatro oleadas en cinco países: España, Francia, México, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. En concreto, se estudia la fluctuación del ranking del corpus y se toma una muestra de las 10 páginas mejor posicionadas en cada país para analizar su contenido (la autoría de la web, la valoración de la efectividad de la homeopatía, la presencia de controversia y el tipo de contenido). Los resultados muestran que el ranking es estable; que la valoración de la homeopatía está vinculada al estado de la opinión pública del país; siendo la mayoría de webs que aparecen mejor posicionadas de noticias publicadas en medios de comunicación.
Abstract
El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas [...]
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Health information: Media sources and professional challenges
M. Saavedra-LLamas, M. Herrero-De-la-Fuente, L. Rodríguez-Fernández, C. Jiménez-Narros

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 40

Abstract
Journalists specialized in health information have changed their work routines because of Internet and social networks. Generating health content allows researchers, physicians and patients to be connected and, in this respect, media play a prescriber role in the society. In this paper, the prevailing precariousness in the media is analyzed in order to see if it affects health information and the specialization of its professionals. This work is based on a qualitative research, using in-depth interviews with health information journalists belonging to 16 Spanish media. The research underscores the priority of certain resources, the need to enable verification processes and to face new professional challenges. This research is part of the Aula Nebrija-MSD Spain of Communication and Health Sciences funded project.
Abstract
Journalists specialized in health information have changed their work routines because of Internet and social networks. Generating health content allows researchers, physicians [...]
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Diseño de un Plan de Social Media en salud a través de metodología participativa. Evaluación de la experiencia del Hospital Reina Sofía
M. López-Doblas, O. Pérez-Corral, D. Gómez-Domínguez, A. Danet-Danet

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 38

Abstract
Se presenta una metodología participativa para el diseño del Plan de Social Media (PSM) para organizaciones sanitarias, así como la evaluación de la experiencia en el Hospital Reina Sofía. La metodología de diseño colaborativo y multidisciplinar se desarrolló en cinco fases: identificación de agentes claves; consenso sobre objetivos, públicos, canales y líneas de contenido; análisis y devolución de resultados; diseño de (pre)campaña; elaboración colaborativa del PSM. La evaluación se realizó a través de monitorización de presencia en redes (evaluación cuantitativa de la comunicación externa) y análisis de contenido de entrevistas semiestructuradas al equipo directivo (evaluación cualitativa de la comunicación interna). Los resultados reflejan el impacto positivo en comunicación externa y la satisfacción con la metodología de co-diseño, evidenciando la importancia de la participación profesional y de la interdisciplinariedad, así como del apoyo directivo y de la profesionalización para la planificación de presencia en redes en el ámbito hospitalario.
Abstract
Se presenta una metodología participativa para el diseño del Plan de Social Media (PSM) para organizaciones sanitarias, así como la evaluación de la experiencia en el [...]
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Specialty matters. Analysis of health journalists’ coverage about vaccines
D. Catalán-Matamoros, C. Peñafiel-Saiz

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 36

Abstract
This study examines specific professional patterns among health journalists, and assesses whether these differ from those among generalists in the case of vaccines. 131 articles were analysed from national newspapers in Spain, of which 52% (n=68) were written by specialised health journalists. Content analysis was undertaken to examine the differences in terms of journalistic genre, frames, tone, sources and length of the article. Results revealed key journalistic patterns and confirmed that health journalists perform significantly differently than other authors in terms of journalistic genre, tone, sources and length of the article. Health journalists wrote more features and less opinion articles, from a more neutral perspective, using a wider number of scientific sources, especially those from professional associations and scientific journals. These findings provide insights into the process of health journalism, and identify potential aspects to further develop the profession for the broad dissemination of health news to the public.
Abstract
This study examines specific professional patterns among health journalists, and assesses whether these differ from those among generalists in the case of vaccines. 131 articles [...]
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Technical and economic analysis of design for performance of buildings with steel structure using concentric bracings
D. Cuasapaz

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (1), 3

Abstract
This paper presents the analysis of ten structural models of steel structure buildings, using different lateral concentric arches, with software Etabs-16 and Sap2000. to make an observation of the results obtained from the linear and non-linear analysis (Pushover) of the models; taking into consideration the compliance with the minimum parameters established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-15, regarding the evaluation of the basal shear and controls so that the structures are considered seismic resistant. The definitive designs of the steel structures are obtained considering the American Institute of Steel Construction norm, and based on the summaries of materials in which indexes are detailed between the total weight and the area of the structures, reference budgets were elaborated. As a consequence, an economic evaluation was carried out to determine which type of concentric bracing turns out to be the most beneficial in terms of costs. The results obtained indicate that the most economical concentric bracing alternative corresponds to the use of reinforced concrete cutting walls, in which savings can be obtained ranging from 14,18% to 17,34% with the use of the other bracing alternatives.
Abstract
This paper presents the analysis of ten structural models of steel structure buildings, using different lateral concentric arches, with software Etabs-16 and Sap2000. to make [...]
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Privacy paradox in mobile environments: The influence of the emotions
F. Sarabia-Sánchez, J. Aguado, I. Martínez-Martínez

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 34

Abstract
The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain through rational decision-making models the contradictions between stated digital privacy concerns and the actual behaviors in mobile platforms. An analysis of the emotions that arise when users know about unauthorized personal data disclosure is proposed. A survey of smartphone users was conducted shortly after the Cambridge Analytica / Facebook scandal took place, in order to analyze the nature and intensity of a user’s emotions in relation to their knowledge of privacy breaches. The results support the paradox of privacy from an emotional perspective: although the reported emotions are intense, there is no relationship between the management that users make of their privacy settings in social networks and mobile applications and the nature and intensity of the emotions reported.
Abstract
The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain [...]
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Ética en la publicación científica biomédica. Una revisión de las publicaciones retractadas en España.
G. Marco-Cuenca, J. Salvador-Oliván, R. Arquero-Avilés

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 32

Abstract
El presente estudio identifica las principales causas de retractación de artículos de autores afiliados en España, así como otros factores que ayudan a interpretar este fenómeno en el contexto definido. Se han analizado un total de 132 retractaciones, siendo la primera causa de retractación la fabricación y/o falsificación de datos. También destacan las causas asociadas a imágenes duplicadas o reutilizadas, los errores en los datos y/o procedimientos admitidos y no malintencionados, los artículos duplicados o fragmentados y el plagio. Las retractaciones no son frecuentes y suponen solamente el 0,11% de la producción de autores con afiliación en España. Pero mucho más allá, las retractaciones son un importante mecanismo de corrección y alerta para las publicaciones científicas que asegura la fiabilidad de la literatura médica, su calidad y progreso.
Abstract
El presente estudio identifica las principales causas de retractación de artículos de autores afiliados en España, así como otros factores que ayudan a interpretar este [...]
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Reputation and scientific communication: Early career researchers in Spain
B. Rodríguez-Bravo, D. Nicholas

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 30

Abstract
The situation of Spanish early career researchers is investigated based on the results obtained from the international project: Early career researchers: The harbingers of change? It is about knowing what are their habits in scientific communication, what role do the developments of Science 2.0 play in their behaviour and to what extent the indicators of evaluation of their activity are decisive in their attitudes and practices. It is concluded that these researchers have the aptitudes and the will to promote change but are hampered by the conservatism of the requirements of evaluation of the scholar communication at the academia.
Abstract
The situation of Spanish early career researchers is investigated based on the results obtained from the international project: Early career researchers: The harbingers of [...]
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Adoption of social media by social sciences scientific journals
C. Arcila-Calderón, M. Calderín-Cruz, P. Sánchez-Holgado

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 28

Abstract
The expansion of social media forces the communication of science and scientific journals to adapt to this new environment. Previous studies and theoretical models such as Utaut and Utaut2 have proven that there is a relationship between the perception of future performance of technology (performance expectancy), the difficulty of use (effort expectancy) and the social influence to which the individual is subject, on the real use of technology, but there is still scarce research about the mechanisms that cause this effect. Starting with Utaut, the hypothesis is that there is an indirect conditional effect of the performance expectancy, the effort expectancy and social influence, over the actual use of social media in scientific journals, where the effect is driven through the intention of use and the size of the effect is moderated by gender and age. A survey was carried out on 300 editors of the top 20 in Social Sciences of the Google Scholar ranking. Confirming partially Utaut, the results of moderated mediation show that performance expectancy and social influence of editors affect the use of Facebook and Twitter, through the intention to use, but it is not the case of ResearchGate, Academia and LinkedIn. There is not enough evidence about the moderation of age and gender.
Abstract
The expansion of social media forces the communication of science and scientific journals to adapt to this new environment. Previous studies and theoretical models such as [...]
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La supresión de anuncios de contactos sexuales autorregulación, legislación o colaboración institucional
F. Martínez-Vallvey, A. Mellado-Segado

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 26

Abstract
Las dos principales fuentes de financiación de la prensa son las ventas de ejemplares al público y la venta de espacios publicitarios a los anunciantes. Un tipo específico de publicidad es la denominada “anuncios por palabras”, entre los que se encuentran los anuncios de “contactos sexuales”. En los últimos años su presencia en los diarios de España ha disminuido, a pesar de la falta de códigos éticos que limiten su presencia en las páginas y a que los diferentes gobiernos no han podido acometer una legislación que impida su publicación. El respeto a los derechos humanos de las mujeres, la lucha contra la trata y explotación de ésta obliga a que esta práctica desaparezca, a pesar de la pérdida de ingresos que pueda suponer para una empresa periodística.
Abstract
Las dos principales fuentes de financiación de la prensa son las ventas de ejemplares al público y la venta de espacios publicitarios a los anunciantes. Un tipo específico [...]
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Testimonials in health-related radio advertising in Spain and their regulation (2009-2016)
S. Perelló-Oliver, C. Muela-Molina, M. Campos-Zabala

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 24

Abstract
The objective of this work is to analyze the nature of testimonials that advertise products with alleged health benefits, the testimonial characteristics and the evolution in Spanish radio. The study of quantitative and multistage nature is based on the content analysis of radio spots from two different time samples: 1,664 spots in 2009 and 3,909 in 2016 which, after the required data filtering process, were reduced to 147 and 122 testimonials, respectively. One of the implications derived from this work is that the public administration should improve the monitoring and control of illicit advertising that involves health-related products. The media itself should implement advertising protocols that include prior review and self-regulation.
Abstract
The objective of this work is to analyze the nature of testimonials that advertise products with alleged health benefits, the testimonial characteristics and the evolution [...]
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The social construction of the image of a city through Instagram: The case of Granada
F. Cantón-Correa, J. Alberich-Pascual

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 22

Abstract
Our digital world is increasingly visual. Mobile applications focused on digital photography such as Instagram are vehicles for the creation, manipulation and instant diffusion of images. Instagram is therefore an open window to research in Social Sciences and Digital Humanities, and an opportunity to investigate how young users of this application develop visual culture in their local environments through global visual languages. The present work analyzes the production of Instagram in Granada from a sample of 955.564 publications and 375.758 images published and geolocated over a year (between April 2017 and April 2018), with the aim of showing how the image of a city is socially constructed. The geographical, social network, and content analysis of the study sample has allowed to establish which are the main focal points of visual attraction of the city, as well as the most active neighborhoods and districts; the most relevant members of a user network that is self-constructed in a heterogeneous and open manner, with strong intermediary nodes of an “instagramist” style that connect subcommunities; as well as the widespread use of the application both for business promotion and for the development of individual creativity. All this indicates how the Instagram publications in Granada make visible the importance and incidence of tourism in the city.
Abstract
Our digital world is increasingly visual. Mobile applications focused on digital photography such as Instagram are vehicles for the creation, manipulation and instant diffusion [...]
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Sci-Hub, challenge for academic and research libraries
L. González-Solar, V. Fernández-Marcial

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 20

Abstract
Sci-Hub breaks into the field of scientific communication in 2011 as a platform for free access to scientific papers. It is the most popular of the so-called shadow libraries, systems that overcome the limits of legal access to scientific publications, standing outside the open access movement. Apart from the media issues that have made it gain popularity, several studies reveal the Sci-Hub impact among researchers, who have accepted this initiative willingly. Sci-Hub has revealed new forms of access to scientific information, affecting academic and research libraries that cannot remain on the sidelines. This study addresses the Sci-Hub phenomenon and its implications for academic and research libraries from different points of view, through a bibliographic review and the analysis of examples of action.
Abstract
Sci-Hub breaks into the field of scientific communication in 2011 as a platform for free access to scientific papers. It is the most popular of the so-called shadow libraries, [...]
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Entre broadcast yourself y broadcast whatever: la página de inicio de YouTube como síntesis de su estrategia empresarial
M. De-Aguilera-Moyano, A. Castro-Higueras, J. Pérez-Rufí

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 18

Abstract
YouTube es una empresa representativa de su contexto originario, la web 2.0, posicionándose como plataforma abierta y colaborativa para difundir vídeos de todo tipo de usuario, con el slogan Broadcast yourself. La adquisición de YouTube por Google la introduce en la búsqueda de beneficios en el marco de la comunicación OTT (over the top). La página de inicio de YouTube muestra las sucesivas políticas empresariales de la plataforma. Se analiza la evolución de la página de inicio no logueada de YouTube España entre 2009 y 2018. Se observa la gradual desaparición de los vídeos producidos por usuarios particulares y su sustitución por los vídeos de usuarios profesionalizados (youtubers) y de industrias culturales. Hay un notable paralelismo entre la implementación de modelos de negocio y la mayor o menor recomendación de vídeos de uno u otro tipo.
Abstract
YouTube es una empresa representativa de su contexto originario, la web 2.0, posicionándose como plataforma abierta y colaborativa para difundir vídeos de todo tipo de usuario, [...]
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La salud en el debate online: análisis de comentarios sobre carnes rojas y procesadas y cáncer en el elpais.com
C. González-Pedraz, A. Pérez-Rodríguez

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 16

Abstract
En Internet, el lector puede participar en la información periodística a través de los comentarios, que se han convertido en una interesante fuente de datos para analizar la opinión de las audiencias sobre la actualidad científica y sanitaria. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de un corpus de 2394 comentarios a noticias sobre la relación entre carnes rojas y procesadas y cáncer en elpais.com. Los comentarios no parecen contribuir a una versión más completa del reporte periodístico, sino que el debate se desvirtúa en gran medida hacia otros asuntos. Los comentaristas se basan en su experiencia personal y en estereotipos para rechazar la evidencia científica.
Abstract
En Internet, el lector puede participar en la información periodística a través de los comentarios, que se han convertido en una interesante fuente de datos para analizar [...]
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Digital public engagement in excellent Spanish Science: Analysis of research projects funded by European Research Council
L. López-Pérez, M. Olvera-Lobo

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 14

Abstract
How much the excellent science uses web 2.0 tools to encourage public engagement in the research process is analyzed. Understanding participation, from the perspective of responsible research and innovation, not only as the communication of scientific results, but also the involvement of society in scientific development. For the analysis, an ad-hoc questionnaire developed using the Delphi method was designed and validated. The study sample is constituted by Spanish projects financed by the European Research Council in 2015. Among the results obtained, the reduced use of digital applications stands out. In fact, only 23.9% of projects have a website and less than 15% have a social profile. Regarding participation mechanisms, a limited 3% uses web 2.0 to involve citizens. With reference to the characteristics of the communication, it can be concluded that it is unidirectional from the institution responsible for the project to society -97% of the cases- and presents a high level of specialization -in more than 80% of the cases a technical language is used and the messages posted are aimed solely at experts-.
Abstract
How much the excellent science uses web 2.0 tools to encourage public engagement in the research process is analyzed. Understanding participation, from the perspective of [...]
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Estudio longitudinal sobre el tratamiento de la homeopatía en la prensa digital española (2012-2016)
V. Roger-Monzó, M. Martí-Sánchez

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 12

Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo la prensa digital española aborda las informaciones relativas a la homeopatía. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha desarrollado un análisis de contenido de los artículos publicados sobre homeopatía entre 1 de enero de 2012 y 31 de diciembre de 2016 en los tres diarios digitales de información general y ámbito nacional más leídos: El Mundo, El País y ABC. La búsqueda ha recuperado 115 artículos. Los resultados revelan que la noticia es el género informativo más empleado, prevaleciendo el enfoque de controversia y conflicto como encuadre principal. Se antepone el valor noticia de impacto frente al análisis del fenómeno y de sus riesgos para la salud.
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo la prensa digital española aborda las informaciones relativas a la homeopatía. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha desarrollado [...]
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Spanish television fiction since deregulation: Between atomization and vertical concentration of production
C. Lacalle, M. Sánchez-Ares

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 10

Abstract
This article attempts to mitigate the absence of data and empirical research on the different types of production of Spanish television fiction, from the initial predominance of in-house production to the near complete industry wide trend of outsourcing. The sample includes 490 productions aired on national networks between 1990 and 2017 across 234 production houses. The research reveals that more than 60% of independent producers have partaken in only one production, while 10 studios (including the three major national networks) are responsible for more than half of the productions. The analysis highlights the paradoxical nature of a sector whose growing specialization and vertical concentration coexists with the atomization of independent producers.
Abstract
This article attempts to mitigate the absence of data and empirical research on the different types of production of Spanish television fiction, from the initial predominance [...]
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Indirect taxation of the book in Europe: Implications and policies
M. Magadán-Díaz, J. Rivas-García

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 8

Abstract
The main goal of this study is to determine the role of indirect taxation in the Spanish publishing industry. The work includes: a) a tax treatment comparison of books in Spain with respect to the rest of European countries; b) an evaluation of the options for exemption or reduction of the value added tax (VAT) applied to books; and c) an analysis of book fixed-price policy applied in Europe. The conclusions of this work point, firstly, to the need to harmonize VAT in the EU space; secondly, to reduce tax discrimination between formats and, thirdly, to emphasize that indirect taxation could be converted, if it is not already, in a brake for the development of the digitization of the Spanish publishing industry.
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to determine the role of indirect taxation in the Spanish publishing industry. The work includes: a) a tax treatment comparison of books in [...]
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From flow to stock: The radio programmer facing the management of the digital catalog
M. Bonet, T. Sellas

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 6

Abstract
Beyond the undoubted revival of the podcast, its presence in the offer of some Spanish radio stations deserves a detailed analysis. This study presents the analysis of this offer, as well as an approach to the challenges and questions behind the production of native podcasts, exclusively for web consumption. People ultimately responsible for radio programming has to deal with the traditional program schedule, in flow, and now has to add the management of a catalog of podcasts. The quantitative analysis is combined with the qualitative analysis through interviews with some of the top managers responsible for deciding how these two complementary radio offers should coexist. Results show that so far podcasts could be defined as a cultural product rather than a product of a cultural industry.
Abstract
Beyond the undoubted revival of the podcast, its presence in the offer of some Spanish radio stations deserves a detailed analysis. This study presents the analysis of this [...]
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Off-page SEO and link building: General strategies and authority transfer in the digital news media
C. Lopezosa, L. Codina, C. Gonzalo-Penela

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (1), 4

Abstract
In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole purpose is to improve the website authority of the advertisers and their search engine rankings. To do so, it employs two basic methodologies: first, it undertakes a systematic review of off-page SEO practices, the digital press and native advertising; and, second, it reports a case study based on the identification and analysis of 150 news items that contain specially commissioned links resulting from a commercial transaction. The study provides evidence of a new revenue stream for the digital news media, one that is not clearly disclosed and which is based on the sale of links. The article includes a discussion of the case study findings, and presents future guidelines for the use of paid links based on the emerging concept of ‘native advertising’.
Abstract
In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole [...]
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Evolución del uso del hipertexto en la prensa española (2002-2016)
P. Orero, B. Cebrián-Enrique

El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 28, (2), 2

Abstract
Se presentan los resultados del análisis de la evolución del uso del hipertexto en la prensa digital española. Dos décadas después de la aparición de las primeras ediciones web de los diarios españoles, se estudia el grado de madurez, los cambios y las tendencias en el empleo de los enlaces semánticos. Para lograr este objetivo, se realiza un análisis empírico longitudinal retrospectivo de la utilización del hipertexto en la práctica profesional entre los años 2002 y 2016 a través de las hemerotecas digitales de seis cabeceras generalistas. El estudio de periódicos de referencia en la prensa española se complementa con medios de ámbito local, apenas observados en las investigaciones sobre hipertexto hasta ahora realizadas. En total, se examinan 22296 enlaces semánticos que aparecen en 4620 noticias publicadas en portada y se estudian en profundidad los 4830 vínculos incluidos en el cuerpo o relato informativo.
Abstract
Se presentan los resultados del análisis de la evolución del uso del hipertexto en la prensa digital española. Dos décadas después de la aparición de las primeras ediciones [...]
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Elastoplastic behavior of welded connections in square section steel pipes submitted to monotonic load
C. Romero, A. Portillo

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (1), 2

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the elastoplastic behavior of welded connections of square section steel tubes subjected to monotonic loading, by means of the theoretical - experimental comparative analysis of the distortion of the cross section geometry of the elements of the beam - column joint. For the experimental tests it was necessary to build a rigid support frame designed with STAAD software. Pro v8i, of fixing and assembly to the gantries and load application system of the universal machine of the Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Zulia. In every test a progressive load (monotonic load) was applied on the upper connection of the gantry to systematically to measure displacements and distortion of the geometry of the beam jointing elements column of the lower connection. While the theoretical model was performed using the finite element program [4] ANSYS Workbench. The obtained results show that: the welded connection presents a local failure by punching in the column that reduces the theoretical plastic moment capacity of the gantry "Mp" by 46%, scenario of concern for being this capacity used in the design under the theory Design for Load and Resistance Factors (LRFD). The welded connection (node) does not meet the weak beam strong column criterion established by Norma. The column of the welded joint must be reinforced to avoid the formation of the plastic ball joint and a possible mechanism of collapse in the gantry.
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the elastoplastic behavior of welded connections of square section steel tubes subjected to monotonic loading, by means of the theoretical - [...]
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Analysis of a joint base plate between concrete column-steel columns in the non-linear range
N. López, R. Ugel, R. Herrera

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (1), 1

Abstract
In this research the behavior of a real scale experimental joint (column-beam joint) formed by three reinforced concrete elements, 1 column and 2 beams, attached to a structural steel column in the upper level is studied. The object in question was subjected to the action of cyclic loads in a single direction, in a pseudostatic test for 5000 s, in order to observe which element of the concrete cylinders failed and which the failure mode was. A mathematical model was created in the ABAQUS CAE software, in order to verify that the design of the gasket of the test piece complied with the normative requirements for the design of base plates, based on concrete crushing and thickness of the base plate. In the bolts its resistance to shear forces, tensile deformation, and verification by tensile cone in the concrete and tensile stress within the cracked area was verified, and it was obtained as a result that the failure was produced by cracking of the reinforced concrete.
Abstract
In this research the behavior of a real scale experimental joint (column-beam joint) formed by three reinforced concrete elements, 1 column and 2 beams, attached to a structural [...]
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Identificaçao modal estocástica de estruturas de engengharia civil
F. Magalhaes, A. Cunha, E. Caetano

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2005). MIS54, ISBN: 84-95999-77-3

Abstract
Neste contexto, as técnicas de identificaçao dos parámetros modais da estrutura (frequencias naturais, configuraçoes dos modos de vibraçao e coeficientes de amortecimento modais) com base na realizaçao de ensaios dinámicos surgem com ferramentas de grande interesse, no sentido de dar suporte à análise de correlaçao entre parámetros identificados e calculados, à actualizaçao e validaçao experimental das modelaçoes numéricas desenvolvidas e subsequente avalidaçao experimental das modelaçoes numéricad desenvolvidas e subsequente avaliaçao da capacidade de carga efectiva das estruturas.
Abstract
Neste contexto, as técnicas de identificaçao dos parámetros modais da estrutura (frequencias naturais, configuraçoes dos modos de vibraçao [...]
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Ferrocemento: Un acercamiento al diseño sísmico
D. Bedoya, J. Farbiaz, J. Hurtado, L. Pujades

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2002). MIS50, ISBN: 84--95999-23-4

Abstract
El estudio que aquí se expone propone una alternativa al diseño y construcción de viviendas de interés social, ubicadas en zonas de alta sismicidad, utilizando como material de construcción el ferrocemento. En Colombia, y bajo la jurisdicción de las Normas Colombianas de Diseño y Construcción Sismo Resistentes, NSR-98 (Ley 400 de 1997, y sus decretos reglamentarios), la vivienda de bajo costo se construye generalmente con mampostería estructural, respaldada por el Título D, Mampostería Estructural, o por el Título E, Casas de uno y dos pisos, que desde febrero de 2002 incluye construcciones en mampostería confinada y construcciones en bahareque encementado.
Abstract
El estudio que aquí se expone propone una alternativa al diseño y construcción de viviendas de interés social, ubicadas en zonas de alta sismicidad, [...]
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Criterio de diseño de puentes con aisladores y disipadores de energía
M. Jara, J. Casas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2002). MIS49, ISBN: 84-95999-02-1

Abstract
La búsqueda de medios para proporcionar suficiente resistencia a una estructura y asegurar un comportamiento satisfactorio para diferentes niveles de intensidad sísmica, ha proporcionado un desarrollo notable en los últimos veinte años del uso de los sistemas de control de vibraciones. El concepto general en el que se basan estos dispositivos consiste en el aumento de la capacidad del sistema para disipar energía, mediante la aplicación de fuerzas pasivas o activas, contrarias a las generadas por la acción externa. También se reconoce la importancia de controlar el periodo de la estructura para evitar que coincida con las frecuencias en las que se concentra la mayor parte de la energía del sismo. A la fecha los sistemas de control pasivo son los que han sido empleados con mayor frecuencia, y entre ellos, el aislamiento de base el más utilizado. Las razones por las que se ha preferido estos sistemas son de carácter económico, de fiabilidad, de mantenimiento y a su mayor desarrollo teórico y tecnológico. Los apoyos de neopreno y los apoyos deslizantes que se utilizan en el diseño de puentes para permitir los movimientos horizontales del tablero producidos por la temperatura y la reología, son un antecedente que facilita la adaptación tecnológica de los dispositivos de aislamiento de base y disipación de energía pasiva. Además de la necesidad de mantener en operación los puentes estratégicos después de la ocurrencia de un sismo destructivo, las características estructurales de estos sistemas y su alta vulnerabilidad sísmica, los hacen candidatos idóneos para el uso de dispositivos de control para su protección frente a sismo.
Abstract
La búsqueda de medios para proporcionar suficiente resistencia a una estructura y asegurar un comportamiento satisfactorio para diferentes niveles de intensidad sísmica, [...]
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Control de vibraciones en puentes. Un estado del arte y de la práctica
A. Jarauta, J. Casas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2002). MIS48, ISBN: 84-95999-01-3

Abstract
Los daños que producen los sismos en los sistemas de transporte, suelen tener un impacto significativo en el total de las pérdidas económicas producidas por estos eventos, tanto por los gastos que provienen directamente de la rehabilitación y sustitución de las estructuras dañadas, como por los costos indirectos debidos al cierre temporal de las vías de comunicación, que afectan los tiempos de desplazamiento en las rutas comerciales durante periodos que pueden prolongarse durante varios meses. En algunos casos, la pérdida de vidas humanas se ha incrementado de forma importante como consecuencia directa del derrumbe de algunos puentes; además, debe considerarse que la interrupción del tránsito, puede obstacularizar las labores de rescate, así como el transporte de víveres, medicinas y materiales, a las zonas afectadas. La actividad sísmica de las últimas décadas ha puesto de manifiesto la vulnerabilidad de los puentes ante este fenómeno, y ha dejado constancia de los grandes costos derivados de los fallos que se producen en los mismos. Sismos como el de San Fernando (1971), Tangshan (1976), Loma Prieta (1989), Northridge (1994), Kobe (1995) y Taiwan (1999), entre otros, han provocado fallos de importancia en los sistemas de transporte, y han incrementado las pérdidas económicas de forma notable. En la siguiente sección, presentamos un panorama general de la magnitud del problema, mediante una breve descripción de las consecuencias derivadas de los daños provocados en los puentes, por algunos de los sismos más importantes ocurridos en el mundo en los últimos años.
Abstract
Los daños que producen los sismos en los sistemas de transporte, suelen tener un impacto significativo en el total de las pérdidas económicas producidas [...]
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Estudio analítico sobre el comportamiento sísmico de muros de mampostería confinada con aberturas
J. Alvarez, S. Alcocer

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2001). MIS46, ISBN: 84-89925-90-9

Abstract
El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo, es estudiar de manera analítica las implicaciones que tiene la existencia de aberturas en la degradación de resistencia y de rigidez en muros de mampostería confinadas. Se han elaborado y analizado varios modelos no lineales de elementos finitos de muros de mampostería confinada con y sin aberturas.
Abstract
El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo, es estudiar de manera analítica las implicaciones que tiene la existencia de aberturas en la degradación de resistencia [...]
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Evaluación del daño en edificios y desempeño sísmico programa de ordenador CEINCI3
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2001). MIS45, ISBN: 84-89925-87-9

Abstract
Las normas que están vigentes en la mayoría de los códigos y normativas sísmicas tienen un objetivo principal: que la estructura tenga un buen comportamiento inelástico ante un sismo severo, el mismo que se define mediante estudios de peligrosidad sísmica, considerando una vida útil de la estructura de 50 años y con un 10% de probabilidad de excedencia. Este mismo tiene un período de retorno que está alrededor de los 475 años. Para este evento, que tiene muy poca probabilidad de registrarse durante la vida útil de la estructura, se desea, que la edificación disipe la mayor cantidad de energía y no colapse. De tal forma que el objetivo principal de la mayor parte de los códigos es salvar vidas para el sismo severo El objetivo indicado en el párrafo anterior, se ha venido cumpliendo en la práctica, en estructuras bien diseñadas pero cuando se han registrado sismos de menor magnitud, con aceleraciones menores a las esperadas en el sismo severo se ha visto que el daño estructural y no estructural es demasiado grande de tal manera que las pérdidas registradas han sido cuantiosas, inaceptables para la sociedad y sus gobiernos. Esto se lo ha comprobado en distintos países como México, USA, entre otros.
Abstract
Las normas que están vigentes en la mayoría de los códigos y normativas sísmicas tienen un objetivo principal: que la estructura tenga un buen [...]
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Capacidad límite última de disipación de energía de estructuras de hormigón armado sometidas a acciones sísmicas
A. Benavent-Climent, F. López-Almansa, L. Pujades

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2001). MIS44, ISBN: 84-899925-88-7

Abstract
El principal objetivo de esta monografía es la evaluación de la capacidad límite de disipación de energía de las estructuras sometidas a terremotos. En ella se expone, a través de su aplicación a varias estructuras tipo, una de las metodologías posibles para llevarla a cabo.
Abstract
El principal objetivo de esta monografía es la evaluación de la capacidad límite de disipación de energía de las estructuras sometidas a [...]
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Espectros de input de energía de aplicación en el proyecto sismorresistente de estructuras en regiones de sismicidad moderada
A. Benavent-Climent, L. Pujades, F. López-Almansa

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2001). MIS43, ISBN: 84-89925-86-0

Abstract
Esta monografía se compone de seis capítulos. En el Capítulo 1 se introduce el concepto de la energía y se demuestra la dependencia que tiene el input de energía total, del periodo fundamental de vvibración y de la masa del edificio. En el capítulo 2 se hace una estimación indirecta de los espectros de input de energía implícitos en la normativa sísmica española vigente (CSE-94), a partir de la hipóyesis de Housner y de las relaciones conocidas entre la pseudo-velocidad máximarelativa y la aceleración máxima absoluta de respuesta en sistemas dinámicos de un grado de libertad. En el Capítulo 3 se determinan mediante cálculos dinámicos directos, los espectros de input de energía de más de 100 acelerogramas correspondientes a terremotos históricos registrados en España. El Capítulo 4 se dedica a la evolución del input de energía que contribuye a daños estructurales, a partir del input de energía total y se expone nuevas fórmulas propuestas recientemente en la literatura. Finalmente, los Capítulos 5 y 6 se ocupan de comparar los espectros de input de energía de proyecto propuestos en diversas áreas geográficas de diferente sismicidad. Estos espectros de proyecto se contrastan también con los correspondientes a los recientes de Turquía, Taiwán y Mula de 1999.
Abstract
Esta monografía se compone de seis capítulos. En el Capítulo 1 se introduce el concepto de la energía y se demuestra la dependencia que tiene el [...]
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Fuerzas sísmicas en lo países bolivarianos
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2000). MIS42, ISBN: 84-89925-74-7

Abstract
Se muestran las normativas en Venezuela, Colombia , Ecuador y Perú, en lo referente a las acciones sísmicas de diseño.
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Modelos de vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes basado en "conjuntos difusos"
E. Maldonado, J. Casas, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2000). MIS40, ISBN: 84-84-89925-62-3

Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un modelo rápido y sencillo de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes a escala regional. El modelo fue estructurado de forma que puede ser aplicado especialmente a zonas donde no se cuenta con reportes de daños sísmicos de puentes. El método se basa en la identificación de las características más relevantes e influyentes en el daño que sufrirá un puente bajo la acción del sismo. La valoración de estas características fue realizada mediante la determinación de diecinueve (19) parámetros, a los cuales se les asignó un grado de vulnerabilidad y un valor de importancia en base a la opinión de expertos. Debido a las impresiciones y subjetividad de las opiniones, estas fueron procesadas mediante técnicas difusas. Una vez calificados cada uno de los parámetros, se procedió a relacionar las calificaciones de los parámetros con su valor de importancia por medio de un promedio ponderando difuso. El resultado de esta relación por medio de técnicas basadas en la lógica difusa corresponde al “índice de vulnerabilidad del puente”.
Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un modelo rápido y sencillo de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes a escala regional. El modelo fue estructurado [...]
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Utilización de los conjuntos difusos en modelos de vulnerabilidad sísmica
E. Maldonado, J. Casas, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering (CIMNE) (2019). 26

Abstract
En este trabajo de presentan las bases teóricas de los conjuntos difusos necesarias para desarrollar un modelo de vulnerabilidad sísmica basado en opinión de expertos. Para ello, en una primera parte, se estudian los conceptos fundamentales como la definición de conjunto difuso, el concepto de función de pertenencia, el concepto de variable lingüística y las operaciones aritméticas. En la segunda parte, se presentan ejemplos de modelos de vulnerabilidad sísmica desarrollados en base a opinión de expertos, siendo el primero de ellos un claro ejemplo de la utilización de la teoría difusa para el tratamiento de las opiniones.
Abstract
En este trabajo de presentan las bases teóricas de los conjuntos difusos necesarias para desarrollar un modelo de vulnerabilidad sísmica basado en opinión [...]
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Dinámica de estructuras. Aplicaciones a la ingeniería sísmica
J. Hurtado

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2000). MIS38, ISBN: 84-89925-59-3

Abstract
El presente trabajo está concebido solamente como una introducción al tema que no obstante reúne de manera directa y suficiente los conocimientos requeridos en la práctica usual del diseño de edificaciones, en especial para el caso sísmico. Se han incluido varios programas de cálculo escritos en lenguaje MATLAB, los cuales son utilizados para la solución del ejemplo
Abstract
El presente trabajo está concebido solamente como una introducción al tema que no obstante reúne de manera directa y suficiente los conocimientos [...]
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Estimación de efectos locales con movimientos sísmicos y microtemblores
V. Giraldo, A. Alfaro, L. Pujades, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering (CIMNE) (2019). 24

Abstract
Se presenta una visión amplia de la utilización de registros de movimiento sísmicos fuertes, movimientos sísmicos débiles y microtemblores para la evaluación de efectos locales. La revisión del estado del arte enfatiza en el análisis de microtemblores debido a la facilidad de la obtención de los registros en cualquier sitio.
Abstract
Se presenta una visión amplia de la utilización de registros de movimiento sísmicos fuertes, movimientos sísmicos débiles y microtemblores [...]
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