Documents published in 2019 : Scipedia

Resilience in health workers of a pediatric intensive care unit
A. Rodríguez, M. Ortunio

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 5

Abstract
Health professionals are subject to stressful situations almost daily, the current Venezuelan reality means that thesesituations are not limited only to the workplace but even to the daily life of all citizens; In this sense, the successfulresolution of these situations will depend on the subject's own resilience, which will help reduce stress, improvephysical and mental well-being and therefore the quality of service provided. Distribute the professionals according tosocial-labor variables; Determine the levels of resilience. A quantitative, correlational, non-experimental research wascarried out. The population was constituted by the health personnel that worked in the PICU and the sample by 33workers who met the inclusion criteria: more than 6 months working in the PICU. The average age was 38.6 years.More than 80% was female. The highest proportion was married (45.5%) and was from the nursing area (60.6%). Morethan 90% had at least more than 2 years of seniority. 45.5% presented average levels of resilience
Abstract
Health professionals are subject to stressful situations almost daily, the current Venezuelan reality means that thesesituations are not limited only to the workplace but [...]
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Malaria in indigenous of Lower Caura. Sucre and Cedeño municipalities, Bolívar State, Venezuela
Y. Barrada, P. Castillo, M. Orozco, G. Rojas, R. Mejía, L. Ybarra, R. Rondón

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 4

Abstract
Malaria is a hemoparasitosis caused by intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of femalemosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the indigenous communities of Bajo Caura,Sucre and Cedeño municipalities, Bolívar state, Venezuela, during the 2015-2016 period. The sample consisted of 244 inhabitants ofthe communities under study. An epidemiological survey was applied to each participant and a blood sample was taken by capillarypuncture, with prior consent and informed settlement. The diagnosis was made by direct parasitological methods of thick blood smearand smear. To relate the presence of malaria and epidemiological variables, the chi-square independence test was applied. Theobserved frequency was 7.0%, all detected cases belong to the Sucre municipality. Female people younger than 10 years of age weremore vulnerable to infection. The species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were identified, the latter being the mostprevalent. The variables fever, symptomatology associated with malaria, degree of knowledge of the disease and type of housing, wereassociated with infection by Plasmodium spp. Under the conditions of this study it is concluded that, in spite of the results found in theindigenous communities, there is a focus of active malaria transmission. Finally, the information obtained represents a contribution atthe moment of making decisions regarding the components such as surveillance, control and health promotion around malaria.
Abstract
Malaria is a hemoparasitosis caused by intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of femalemosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . A [...]
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Knowledge of health professionals on interpersonal conflicts and labor harassment
I. Colmenárez, N. Quero

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 3

Abstract
Interpersonal relationships are fundamental for the development of society, however, disagreements, needs and particularinterests are the perfect breeding ground to generate conflicts, the problem lies in the course that these conflicts can take.Daza, Pérez and López, (1998) affirm that, workplace harassment does not occur exclusively for causes directly related to theperformance of work or its organization, but rather it has its origin in the interpersonal relationships established in any socialentity. The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge that occupational health professionals have inrelation to the criteria that intervene in the diagnosis of situations associated with interpersonal conflicts and workplaceharassment. The methodology was based on a non-experimental field research descriptive type. The population consisted of50 professionals who went to the registry of professionals of safety and health before the Institute of Prevention ofOccupational Health and Safety in the period of January / December 2017, a non-probabilistic sample was taken as intentional,as Exclusion criteria were taken only by health professionals at work. For the data collection a questionnaire of 30dichotomous items was designed. The results revealed that the professionals studied had difficulties in recognizing the factorsthat intervene in the diagnosis of the variables of interest. It is concluded that these professionals have a medium level ofknowledge in relation to the elements that intervene in the diagnosis of situations associated with interpersonal conflicts andworkplace harassment.
Abstract
Interpersonal relationships are fundamental for the development of society, however, disagreements, needs and particularinterests are the perfect breeding ground to generate [...]
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A necessary refletión
R. Gásperi

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 1

Abstract
Tomando como punto de partida reflexiones de editoriales anteriores, nos referiremos al paradigma de lacomplejidad para tratar de explicar problemas sociales y salud enfermedad de la población en la población infantilpor su vulnerabilidad, magnitud y complejidad para entenderlo. Este paradigma propone articular lasinterdependencias de los saberes disciplinarios o especializados, y concibe una organización o complejidad sistémicaentre el todo y las partes, que le permite ser capaz de auto-eco-reproducirse y regenerarse al relacionarse con sumedio o entorno. Bajo este enfoque la Salud pública se convierte en un crisol donde pueden converger muchasdisciplinas para entender y abordar los problemas que afectan el bienestar de la población desde esa visión complejade su entorno que incluya lo físico, psicológico, antroposocial, espiritual, lo cultural y lo político e ideológicamenteconstruido.
Abstract
Tomando como punto de partida reflexiones de editoriales anteriores, nos referiremos al paradigma de lacomplejidad para tratar de explicar problemas sociales y salud enfermedad [...]
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Cimne & Complas 30 Years - 1987 - 2017
E. Oñate

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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From fracture to fragmentation
F. Witel

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the IV International Conference on Particle-Based Methods. Fundamentals and Applications (PARTICLES 2015).

Abstract
The nature of fracture phenomena strongly limits engineering solutions to cases, a little bit beyond the regime of linear fracture mechanics. Nevertheless, fracture in brittle disordered materials, dominated by simultaneously growing and dynamically competing cracks is rather ubiquitous [1,2]. From the dynamics of single crack propagation, through the statistics of crack ensembles to the rapid fragmentation of materials, Discrete Element Methods (DEM) helped to enrich the understanding over the past decades. Models of seemingly simple rigid body dynamics with simple contact and cohesive interactions proved to be surprisingly successful for representing dynamic fracture and fragmentation phenomena, emerging from the complex systems dynamics. Today, applications of DEM make a substantial contribution for explaining the mechanical response and breaking phenomena of heterogeneous materials under various types of loading conditions beyond single crack growth [3,4]. Various particle geometries, material response, ways to treat repulsive and cohesive behaviour and of course loss of cohesion, lead to a flexible tool-set of approaches. Strategies for higher order agglomeration, coupling with other simulation techniques for continuum domains or other particle based methods extended the reach of DEM significantly. Ranging from the slowly changing, sub-critical loads to the highly energetic fragmentation, DEM proved to be an indispensable tool for such investigations. In this talk a brief review on the motivations and basic ideas behind the DEM approach to cohesive particulate matter is given. Different ways of introducing cohesion and its loss are discussed in light of fracture in frictional and non-frictional materials beyond the Griffith length of stable crack growth. Among the widespread applications of DEM for the fracture of heterogeneous materials, focus is given on impact comminution of aggregated matter [4]. By providing an improved understanding of comminution processes e.g. in impact mills, one of the energetically least efficient processes on the global scale could be improved – by the use of particle mechanics. It is shown, that a critical impact velocity vcr exists, separating the fracture from the fragmentation regime. Below the critical velocity, fragmentation by repeated impacts can be described by a Basquin type low cycle fatigue law, above vcr Power-law fragment size distributions emerge. This behaviour is robust even for multi-phase materials. In a comparative study it is finally demonstrated, how the milling efficiency can be increased for the same system only by manipulating the shock wave configurations via vibrating targets.
Abstract
The nature of fracture phenomena strongly limits engineering solutions to cases, a little bit beyond the regime of linear fracture mechanics. Nevertheless, fracture in brittle [...]
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Application of SPH to coupled fluid-solid problems in the petroleum industry
J. Williams

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the IV International Conference on Particle-Based Methods. Fundamentals and Applications (PARTICLES 2015).

Abstract
This talk addresses the application of SPH to problems of hydro-fracturing and fluid-structure interaction. Simulating a hydraulic-fracture propagating in a rock with in-situ joint sets is particularly challenging. Traditional continuum modeling techniques have the advantage of using classical non- linear material models, however they often fail to accurately capture the complexity of the geometry and path of multiple intersecting fractures. In particular, mesh dependence of the fracture path, closing of an opened fracture and shear, present difficulties using these techniques. The use of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for these problems is relatively recent. Mesh free methods, such as SPH, have the potential to overcome the previously mentioned difficulties of mesh based methods. Simulation of the initiation and propagation of pressure-driven fractures in brittle rocks is presented in this study. By exploiting techniques commonly used in traditional continuum methods, we have developed an elasto-plastic SPH model, which is based on the Drucker-Prager yield criterion, and the Grady-Kipp damage model. The model is validated against Brazil test data. Results are also presented the Brazil test, uni-axial compressive fracture as well as initial results for intersection of dynamic fractures with intersecting joints.
Abstract
This talk addresses the application of SPH to problems of hydro-fracturing and fluid-structure interaction. Simulating a hydraulic-fracture propagating in a rock with in-situ [...]
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Simulation of finite elasto-plastic strains using the Virtual Element Method
P. Wriggers

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Two-scale characterization of fiber-reinforced polymers with self-heating effect
K. Terada

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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VEM and Inelasticity. Is virtual really reality!
R. Taylor

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Fracturing in dry and saturated porous media
B. Schrefler

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Alternative Contact Formulations: a) Dual FEM, (b) Isogeometric Analysis
E. Ramm

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Biomechanics of the anterior segment of the eye
A. Pandolfi

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Computational Plasticity: Historical Perspective, Current Progress and Future Prospects
R. Owen

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Data-Driven Computing
M. Ortiz

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Multi-scale modeling of materials accounting for inertial effects. Application to acoustic metamaterials
J. Oliver

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Bridging the gap by means of multiscale structural analyses
H. Mang

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Multiscale modelling of plasticity: towards virtual tests of metallic materials
J. Llorca

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Self-consistent clustering analysis: an efficient multi-scale approach for inelastic heterogeneous materials
W. Liu

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Extended-PGD model reduction for nonlinear solid mechanics problems involving many parameters
P. Ladevèze

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Recent developments in phase field modeling of fracture
T. Hughes

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Simulation of penetration problems in geomechanics
A. Gens

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Computational strategies for speeding-up F.E. simulations of metal forming processes
L. Fourment

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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The micromorphic approach to gradient plasticity and damage
S. Forest

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Modeling and computational aspects in phase-field modeling of fracture
L. Lorenzis

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Recent advances in accelerated and stabilized meshfree method for modeling man-made and natural disasters
J. Chen

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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FUNDAMENTOS, EVOLUCIÓN E IMPACTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN LA SOCIEDAD COLOMBIANA
E. EIDEC

(2019). Jayson Andrey Bernate, Adriana Maritza Martínez Torres, Pedro Nel Urrea Roa, Mauro Freddy García Celis, Zaily Del Pilar García Gutiérrez, Ingrid Patricia Fonseca Franco, María Elisa Alfaro Urtatiz, Gonzalo De Jesús Amaya Fuentes, Paola Andrea Rubiano Cárdenas y Milton Javier Betancourt Jiménez

Abstract
Abstract Resumen: En la actualidad, el mundo de la educación superior presenta diferentes cambios e innovaciones, que responden a un proceso de globalización que marca las tendencias del mercado en medio de diferentes barreras que presentan los contextos sociales, es así que, gracias a la apertura de las universidades al mercado, se presentan nuevas oportunidades y desafíos que conllevan a repensar los saberes y las prácticas donde se desarrollan los educandos. En este sentido la formación de licenciados en Educación Física conlleva a repensar como se enfrenta a su accionar a través de las prácticas reflexivas, que conlleven a la transformación del sujeto y su relación con la sociedad, es ahí donde se brinda un escenario interesante desde la comunicación corporal, el sentido social, el manejo de la subjetividad y la inteligencia corporal, los cuales se convierten en elementos que día a día acompañan al Educador Físico. La formación de licenciados en Educación Física, conlleva a la transformación de sujetos capaces de abordar el saber disciplinar desde distintos conceptos, teorías y leyes, que ayudan a la construcción de un discurso que trasciende a la praxis en procesos de innovación e investigación y desde la reflexión pedagógica construye y transforma, siendo capaz de formar sujetos que se adaptan a la sociedad y que respondan desde un enfoque holístico e integral con el fin de reflexionarse y reflexionar acerca de su accionar en el mundo. Desde este horizonte, la UNESCO en su informe “Educación Física De Calidad (EFC) Guía Para Los Responsables Políticos” (McLennan & Thompson, 2015), establecen la necesidad de formar desde la base, así como la inversión y formación de profesores en Educación Física, con el fin de empoderar los programas educativos en esta disciplina, así como las tendencias internacionales, según Sáenz & López (2011), nos llevan a trabajar desde distintos caminos como el psicomotriz, lo expresiva corporal, la Educación Física de base, la axiológica, la socio motriz y la deportiva, son caminos que conllevan a la formación de sujetos capaces de adaptarse a las necesidades de medio, en una simbiosis capaz de construir y ayudar a de construir en medio de un fin común, en pro del mejoramiento del bienestar individual y colectivo. Abstract At present, the world of higher education presents different changes and innovations, which respond to a globalization process that marks market trends amidst different barriers that social contexts present, so, thanks to the opening of universities to the market, new opportunities and challenges are presented that lead to rethinking the knowledge and practices where learners develop. In this sense, the training of graduates in Physical Education leads to rethinking how they face their actions through reflective practices, which lead to the transformation of the subject and their relationship with society, this is where an interesting scenario is provided from the body communication, social sense, the management of subjectivity and body intelligence, which become elements that day by day accompany the Physical Educator. The training of graduates in Physical Education, leads to the transformation of subjects capable of addressing disciplinary knowledge from different concepts, theories and laws, which help to build a discourse that transcends praxis in innovation and research processes and from the Pedagogical reflection builds and transforms, being able to train subjects that adapt to society and respond from a holistic and comprehensive approach in order to reflect and reflect on their actions in the world. From this horizon, UNESCO in its report "Quality Physical Education (EFC) Guide for Policymakers" (McLennan & Thompson, 2015), establish the need to train from the base, as well as the investment and training of teachers in Education Physics, in order to empower educational programs in this discipline, as well as international trends, according to Sáenz & López (2011), lead us to work from different paths such as psychomotor, body expressive, basic Physical Education, the axiological, the motor and sports partner, are paths that lead to the formation of subjects capable of adapting to the needs of the environment, in a symbiosis capable of building and helping to build in the midst of a common goal, in favor of improving individual and collective well-being.
Abstract
Abstract Resumen: En la actualidad, el mundo de la educación superior presenta diferentes cambios e innovaciones, que responden a un proceso de globalización [...]
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ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DEL NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO DESPUES DE LA APLICACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE PROMOCIÓN DE SALUD BUCAL A DOCENTES
M. Giménez Guanter, R. Gasperi Romero

Boletin Medico de post grado (2014). Boletín Médico de Postgrado. Vol. XXX Nº 1 Enero – Marzo. Año 2014

Abstract
RESUMEN La caries dental y las enfermedades periodontales son consideradas un grave problema de salud pública por su gran magnitud y graves repercusiones físicas, mentales y sociales. Con el objetivo de medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre Promoción de la salud bucal a partir de la aplicación de un programa educativo a docentes de una Escuela Básica en el Municipio Palavecino, se realizó un diseño pre-experimental, tipo pre y post prueba a un solo grupo. La muestra seleccionada fue no probabilística, la constituyen 36 docentes. Se empleo un instrumento tipo cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento. Se diseñó y aplicó posteriormente el programa educativo sobre la base del diagnóstico realizado con el objeto de capacitar a los docentes en diversos temas de salud bucal y poder llevar a cabo la promoción de salud hacia la población escolar. Los resultados de ésta investigación en cuanto el nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucal en general antes de la aplicación del Programa educativo era regular en un 80.6%, bueno en un 5.6%, después de la intervención educativa se modificaron estos valores mejorando el nivel de conocimiento bueno en un 94.4%, el regular en un 5.6% y desaparece el nivel de conocimiento deficiente. Luego se comparan los promedios antes y después de la aplicación del programa educativo, pudiéndose demostrar que se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P<0,005). Se Concluye la necesidad desarrollar programas educativos dirigidos a los docentes para la prevención de las enfermedades bucales y la promoción de salud en la población escolar. Abstract Dental caries and periodntales diseases are considered a serious health problems for your major and serious repercussions publishes physical, mental and social. The purpose of this project is to make of the level of oral health knowledge from the implementation of an educational program of oral health promotion aimed at teachers of the Basic school in the Municipio Palavecino. This study is framed in the form of pre experimental design. The type of sample was selected was not random, consisting of 36 teachers, the questionnaire was designed with the instrument used measure of the level of knowledge. It was designed and implemented after the educational program on the basis of diagnosis in order to train teachers in various oral health issues and the power to carry out health promotion into the school population, the results of this research as soon as the level of knowledge about oral health in general before the implementation of the educational program was regular in 80.6%%, 5.6% and 13.9 good. And after the educational intervention was modified by these values, improving the level of knowledge in a good 94.4%, with 5.6% regular and disappears the low level of knowledge. Then, the averages were compared before and after implementation of the educational program that can display that showed a statistically significant difference. showed a statistically significant
Abstract
RESUMEN La caries dental y las enfermedades periodontales son consideradas un grave problema de salud pública por su gran magnitud y graves repercusiones físicas, [...]
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Programa educativo de atención domiciliaria en cuidados paliativos dirigidos al cuidador informal de enfermos en estado terminal
R. Gasperi Romero

Biblioteca Las Casas. Fundación Index (2015). www.//:php Biblioteca Lascasas, 2011; 7(2 index-f.com/lascasas/documentos/lc0594.php

Abstract
Resumen Con el objetivo de diseñar un Programa educativo de atención domiciliaria en cuidados paliativos dirigidos al cuidador informal de enfermos en estado terminal en los Municipios Iribarren y Palavecino del Estado Lara. Venezuela, se realizó un proyecto factible, en tres fases, la diagnostica, análisis de factibilidad y el diseño de la propuesta, empleándose para la primera fase, un instrumento de selección múltiple para conocer el nivel de conocimiento sobre cuidados paliativos. Como resultados relevantes se encontró un conocimiento deficiente del 73% de cuidadores informales sobre los cuidados paliativos, sobre todo en el control de síntomas de carácter respiratorios, administración de medicamentos sólidos y sobre aseo personal, aspecto de suma importancia para mantener el confort del paciente. Igualmente es factible el programa educativo, desde el punto de vista institucional, económico, institucional y legal. Se concluye con la elaboración del programa educativo, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente en estado terminal. Palabras claves: Programa educativo, cuidados paliativos, paciente terminal, cuidador informal. Abstract With the purpose to design an educational home care program for palliative care directed to informal health keepers for terminal patients at the Iribarren and Palavecino counties Lara, Venezuela a feasibility Project was conducted. The project was divided in three phases: diagnostic phase, feasibility analysis phase, and proposal design. For the first phase an instruments with multiples choices was used in order to know the level of knowledge (LK) about palliative health care. The results showed that 75% of the informal health keepers had a “deficient” LK, mainly about breathing disorders symptoms control; administration of solid medicine, and patients cleaning which is a very important aspect for the patient comfort. Furthermore the educational program is feasible from a institutional, economic, and legal. It is concluded that the application of the educational program will improve the quality of life of terminal patients.
Abstract
Resumen Con el objetivo de diseñar un Programa educativo de atención domiciliaria en cuidados paliativos dirigidos al cuidador informal de enfermos en estado [...]
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SALUD ESCOLAR: EXPLORANDO CONDUCTAS SALUDABLES
E. Linarez, R. Gasperi Romero

Salud arte y cuidados (2015). Salud, Arte y Cuidado Vol. 8 (2) 49-60 Julio-Diciembre 2015 La Revista de Enfermería y Ciencias de la Salud Recepción: 16/01/2014 Salud, Arte y Cuidado; Salud, Arte y Cuidado Vol. 8 (2) 49-60 Julio-Diciembre 2015 SAC 49 ISSN Nº: 1856-9528 Depósito legal: PP200802LA3047 Artículo Original

Abstract
Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de conductas saludables en una institución de la tercera etapa de la escuela básica en el Municipio Iribarren, Edo. Lara Venezuela y poder tomar acciones de promoción para la salud en las dimensiones físicas, mentales y sociales, se realizó un estudio de campo de carácter descriptivo, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo. La población estuvo conformada por 418 estudiantes de la tercera etapa de educación básica, y la muestra por 213 estudiantes. Para la recolección de la información se elaboró un instrumento tipo escala de frecuencia conformada por un conjunto de preguntas relacionadas en cuanto a las dimensiones físicas, mentales y sociales. La dimensión salud física respecto al indicador relacionado con las actividades recreativas presenta comportamiento poco saludable. En cuanto a la dimensión salud mental en tres indicadores importantes como lo son situaciones de riesgo, sentimientos y emociones y manejo de emociones manifestadas tener un comportamiento saludable. Así mismo en la dimensión salud social comportamientos saludables en el área de habilidades básicas de interacción interpersonal. Se plantea como conclusión la necesidad de seguir indagando sobre estos aspectos y mejorar aquellos comportamientos pocos saludables. Palabras clave: comportamientos, salud escolar, promoción de la salud. ABSTRACT The present study aimed to propose a program of school health for students of the third stage of basic education in the Liceo Libertador Bolivarian Department. Be framed in the form of feasible project, supported by a field study of descriptiveness under the quantitative approach. The population consisted of 418 students of the third stage of basic education, and the sample by 213 students under the quantitative approach. For data collection, the instrument had a set of questions regarding the physical, mental and social dimensions result that dimension physical health from the indicator related to recreational activities present behavior few healthy, he elaborated also in terms of mental health dimension in three important indicators such as risk, express feelings and emotions and emotion management and in relation to the social dimension reported having health healthy behavior. Conclusion arises the need to continue work on these issues and improve the few healthy behaviors. Keywords: School Health, Health Promotion, Health Education
Abstract
Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de conductas saludables en una institución de la tercera etapa de la escuela básica en el Municipio Iribarren, [...]
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PFEM–DEM for particle-laden flows with free surface
A. Franci, I. de-Pouplana, G. Casas, M. Celigueta, J. González-Usúa, E. Oñate

Computational Particle Mechanics (2020). Vol. 7, pp. 101-120

Abstract
This work proposes a fully Lagrangian formulation for the numerical modeling of free-surface particle-laden flows. The fluid phase is solved using the particle finite element method (PFEM), while the solid particles embedded in the fluid are modeled with the discrete element method (DEM). The coupling between the implicit PFEM and the explicit DEM is performed through a sub-stepping staggered scheme. This work only considers suspended spherical particles that are assumed not to affect the fluid motion. Several tests are presented to validate the formulation. The PFEM–DEM results show very good agreement with analytical solutions, laboratory tests and numerical results from alternative numerical methods.
Abstract
This work proposes a fully Lagrangian formulation for the numerical modeling of free-surface particle-laden flows. The fluid phase is solved using the particle finite element [...]
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A finite element reduced order model based on adaptive mesh refinement and artificial neural networks
J. Baiges, R. Codina, I. Castañar, E. Castillo

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2019). (prepint) pp. 1-14

Abstract
In this work a reduced order model based on adaptive finite element meshes and a correction term obtained by using an artificial neural network (FAN-ROM) is presented. The idea is to run a high-fidelity simulation by using an adaptively refined finite element mesh, and compare the results obtained with those of a coarse mesh finite element model. From this comparison, a correction forcing term can be computed for each training configuration. A model for the correction term is built by using an artificial neural network, and the final reduced order model is obtained by putting together the coarse mesh finite element model, plus the artificial neural network model for the correction forcing term. The methodology is applied to non-linear solid mechanics problems, transient quasi-incompressible flows, and a fluid-structure interaction problem. The results of the numerical examples show that the FAN-ROM is capable of improving the simulation results obtained in coarse finite element meshes at a reduced computational cost.
Abstract
In this work a reduced order model based on adaptive finite element meshes and a correction term obtained by using an artificial neural network (FAN-ROM) is presented. The [...]
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Variational multi-scale approximation of the one-dimensional forced Burguers' equation: the role of orthogonal sub-grid scales in turbulence modelling
C. Bayona, J. Baiges, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2018). Vol. 86, pp. 313-328

Abstract
A numerical approximation for the one-dimensional Burgers equation is proposed by means of the orthogonal subgrid scales–variational multiscale (OSGS-VMS) method. We evaluate the role of the variational subscales in describing the Burgers “turbulence” phenomena. Particularly, we seek to clarify the interaction between the subscales and the resolved scales when the former are defined to be orthogonal to the finite-dimensional space. Direct numerical simulation is used to evaluate the resulting OSGS-VMS energy spectra. The comparison against a large eddy simulation model is presented for numerical discretizations in which the grid is not capable of solving the small scales. An accurate approximation to the phenomena of turbulence is obtained with the addition of the purely dissipative numerical terms given by the OSGS-VMS method without any modification of the continuous problem
Abstract
A numerical approximation for the one-dimensional Burgers equation is proposed by means of the orthogonal subgrid scales–variational multiscale (OSGS-VMS) method. We [...]
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Educational robotics program to improve meaningful learning in fourth grade students in the area of Science and Environment of the educational institution San Roque - Castrovirreyna, 2015
I. Contreras, J. Cusipuma, L. Trujillo, L. Rivera

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
The present article is the review of an investigation that had as objective to develop an Educational Robotics Program to improve the significant learning of the Area of Science and Environment in fourth grade students of the educational institution San Roque -Castrovirreyna, 2015. The design It was quasi-experimental in a sample of 68 students. The applied instrument for the measurement of learning in the area of Science and Environment was constructed based on the Likert attitude scale of five points, validated by the criteria of judges and a reliability of 87%. The results show that the educational robotics program has a positive and significant influence on learning in the area of Science and Environment; the intensity of the influence is 55.9%, which is very significant.
Abstract
The present article is the review of an investigation that had as objective to develop an Educational Robotics Program to improve the significant learning of the Area of Science [...]
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Patterns of drug use in jails in Peru
J. Casas

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine patterns of drug use in subjects held in a penitentiary in Lima. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study and the sample consisted of 330 male inmates, from whom the information of 279 inmates could be validated. The age among the inmates varied from 18 to over 65 years, being the age of highest prevalence (31.2%) between 31 to 40 years, the intern with younger age is 18 years and the oldest age was 75 years. A questionnaire of multiple options was used, adapted for the present investigation, which is divided into five areas: a) educational level, b) civil status, c) legal situation, d) crime and e) drug consumption. Likewise, the Drug Use Questionnaire (DAST-20) was used, whose reliability varies between 0.92 to 0.94. The Alcohol Disorders Identification Questionnaire (AUDIT) was also used, whose level of reliability was above 0.90. Among the most important conclusions, the most prevalent drugs among the inmates are alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine hydrochloride and basic cocaine paste, these being the ones with the highest consumption in the last 30 days. Age, level of education and crime significantly influence drug use inside the penitentiary.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine patterns of drug use in subjects held in a penitentiary in Lima. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study and the sample consisted [...]
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Inclusive education in Mexico: from theory to practice
L. Méndez

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
At present, there is a discussion in Mexico about working with diversity focusing on inclusive education. However, there is a question upon how is it being implemented. From the perspective of a support teacher, this paper approaches to some of the legal and normative basis of inclusive education. Moreover, there is also a reflection on some theoretical propositions and its practical application on schools.
Abstract
At present, there is a discussion in Mexico about working with diversity focusing on inclusive education. However, there is a question upon how is it being implemented. From [...]
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Financial knowledge in university students
J. Limache

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
In the world today there is an increase in various financial and credit products, these raise the need of people to acquire knowledge in basic financial concepts which will allow them to make informed decisions regarding savings, investment or indebtedness (Klapper, Lusardi , and van Oudheusden, 2015). The present study of comparative descriptive type, aims to identify financial knowledge in university students and compare if there are significant differences when comparing them according to the variables sex, age, professional career, marital status, having children, having a job and having a credit card. debit or credit The sample consisted of 176 students of both sexes and belonging to the Administration, Accounting, Education and Psychology careers of the Marcelino Champagnat University. The results indicated that 47.8% obtained a score of 3 or more points which indicates that they have basic knowledge at a financial level, with students from areas related to administrative aspects having a significantly higher average in relation to the others you will
Abstract
In the world today there is an increase in various financial and credit products, these raise the need of people to acquire knowledge in basic financial concepts which will [...]
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Teaching of research at the current university
L. Ríos

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
There is a paradigm shift in higher education with the shift from the information society to the knowledge society and the measurement of its performance globally. Priority is given to basic and technological research and inter- institutional and interdisciplinary collaboration. The University Law N ° 30220 assigns a decisive importance to him since stipulates a vice-rector of investigation. One of several ways to promote the research so located is through specific policies of implementation of teaching development for research from undergraduate to postdoctoral. Research is required for development and innovation and collaboration with companies for the training of job skills and entrepreneurship.
Abstract
There is a paradigm shift in higher education with the shift from the information society to the knowledge society and the measurement of its performance globally. Priority [...]
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Disposition to learning and democratic coexistence in public schools of Peru
R. Mollo, C. Yraha

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
This research seeks to identify the relationship between the disposition to learn and democratic coexistence in students of schools that implement "Comunidades de Aprendizaje". It also investigates whether there are significant differences for these same variables in independent samples that consider demographic factors. It is a quantitative research, with non-experimental, correlational descriptive design. A total of 9 944 students answered this censal survey, participating all students, from third grade of primary to fifth grade of high school engaged in literary circles in any of the 43 schools of the project located in Lima, Callao, Piura, Cusco, Apurímac, Huancavelica and Puno, both in urban and rural areas. The applied instrument was specifically designed for this research and serves as a baseline for the schools that implement the project. The descriptive results show high and very high levels for the disposition to learn and democratic coexistence. These two variables show considerable and highly significant (0.01) positive correlation (0.678) and when analyzing them in independent samples, statistically significant differences were found concluding that the highest results are found in female students, at the primary level and in rural areas.
Abstract
This research seeks to identify the relationship between the disposition to learn and democratic coexistence in students of schools that implement "Comunidades [...]
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School failure in students of high school education of public schools of Peru, 2005-2010, and their associated factors
M. Ariño

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°11

Abstract
The present investigation seeks to determine the scholastic failure in secondary education in Peru between the years 2005-2010 and to identify the factors associated with this failure. This investigation is Non-experimental, multifactorial explanatory with a retrospective cross-sectional ex post facto design. It proposes a theoretical explanatory model of school failure from the ecological-systemic paradigm. The sample is 55% of high school students in Peru. To determine the influence of the intervening variables, statistical-mathematical instruments were used, performing a descriptive statistical analysis, a factorial analysis and a regression model β was applied. The conclusion reached is that, although school failure is the consequence of multiple factors, the most influential variables are the sociocultural and socio-economic environment in which the student lives. The results obtained have allowed an epidemiological study of school failure in Peru using a mathematical model of boxes, designed expressly for this research, in order to make predictions about school failure in Peru in the next five years.
Abstract
The present investigation seeks to determine the scholastic failure in secondary education in Peru between the years 2005-2010 and to identify the factors associated with [...]
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Secular education Why and for what?
J. García, L. Ramírez

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°12

Abstract
What is presented below is part of an investigation entitled “The potential of secular education in primary school” (2010, ISCEEM, Toluca, Mexico) based on the theory of the new cultural paradigm of Alain Touraine, as well as contributions of the main representatives of secularism such as Henri Peña, Jean Bauberot and Roberto Blancarte. For this article some reflections are presented regarding the theme of secularism in Mexican public education, its meaning, its interpretations, the cultural battles around it and, above all, its potentialities in citizen education in basic education. Its objective is to address the five most relevant aspects that secular training can provide and that, by far, exceed the benefits that any clericalism could grant in public education. It is concluded that said secularism promotes equality and the common good that are also the basis of democracy; In addition, promoting freedom of conscience enables agents to make decisions based on criticism and reflection, essential for democracy.
Abstract
What is presented below is part of an investigation entitled “The potential of secular education in primary school” (2010, ISCEEM, Toluca, Mexico) based on the [...]
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Schools that have their own voice. Experiences of a self-evaluation process in 30 educational institutions
R. Mollo

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°12

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to obtain a better understanding of the processes of school self-evaluation. To this end, an attempt was made to understand the experiences and perceptions of the main actors involved in an institutional self-evaluation process in which the possibility of a participative construction of the school model was offered, as well as the indicators and evaluation instruments of the same. This self-assessment process lasted two years and involved 30 schools of different educational levels and had the presence of a facilitator and an economic incentive from the regional government. The information was gathered from a survey and documentary review. The results of the study showed that people are open to collaborate and be part of self-evaluation processes. Furthermore, the figure of external support for the development of capacities is necessary. It was also discovered that the economic incentive is an element that can contribute to the initial adoption, however there is a risk of generating dependency on this extrinsic motivation
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to obtain a better understanding of the processes of school self-evaluation. To this end, an attempt was made to understand the experiences [...]
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Linguistic games and the communicative ability of five-year-old boys and girls from an initial public educational institution
B. Bustillos, G. Cotillo

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°12

Abstract
The main objective of the study was to demonstrate the influence of language games on the development of communication skills of children of five years of initial education. The approach adopted corresponded to the qualitative one; the type of research, descriptive correlational; and the design, not experimental. We worked with a sample of 60 children (as). The selection criteria was intentional because it was a small population. During the research process, emphasis was placed on the management of a set of recreational resources related to language management in order to develop the capacities with respect to the oral and written use of the same, starting from the distinction of the initial and final sounds of the words, added to the fun and entertaining exercise of the mouth muscle to facilitate speech fluency. From their results it is summarized that the systematic and organized application of linguistic games has a significant and strong relationship with the development of children's oral and written communication skills, as well as with psycho-social development, with training of personality and with the practice of basic social values.
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to demonstrate the influence of language games on the development of communication skills of children of five years of initial education. [...]
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Faith, gift and commitment
M. Ariño

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°12

Abstract
This article is about faith and religious beliefs, their meaning and the rational possibility of religious fact. Arguments are raised and discussed for and against the act of faith. The possibility and characteristics of the act of faith are described and the appropriate and inadequate positions before the Absolute are analyzed. Reason and faith are the two wings with the human spirit rising towards the contemplation of the truth. The conclusion is that "Hidden God" might only be known through the experience of personal faith --Nihil intelligitur nisi diligitur-- (you only understand what you love) by Saint Augustine.
Abstract
This article is about faith and religious beliefs, their meaning and the rational possibility of religious fact. Arguments are raised and discussed for and against the act [...]
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From theory to praxis: a reading project with university students
N. Rivera, A. Ferreras

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°12

Abstract
The experience of a reading project addressed to seventh grade students of a school of the Department of Education of Puerto Rico during the years 2013-2015 is presented. University students, teachers in formation of the secondary Spanish Program of the University of Puerto Rico, offered Spanish classes through an active and contextualized methodology and used different strategies in order to improve school climate and academic achievement. In addition, they carried out projects of the International Education and Resource Network (IEARN), which allowed to strengthen the communication skills of adolescents and establish a learning community with several countries.
Abstract
The experience of a reading project addressed to seventh grade students of a school of the Department of Education of Puerto Rico during the years 2013-2015 is presented. [...]
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The conquest of the text by means of the combination of didactic and literary methods
D. Almaguer, A. Vega, A. Cruzata-Martínez

Educa - UMCH (2018). N°12

Abstract
The article proposes a guide for the study of the poem Dos milagros, by José Martí, from an integrating perspective, in the combination of some of the known methods for literary analysis, both from the Didactics and from Literature. His basic assumption is the need to understand the meaning of social action in the context of the world, in this case from the Martian thought that is expressed, in all his work with a unique genius in his time. In the research that served as the basis for this article, the qualitative method of text analysis was used, which consists in analyzing the discourse and discovering the author’s intension from the hermeneutic and its relationship with other texts by the author himself? The proposal is based on the cognitive, communicative and sociocultural approaches, passing through the appropriate levels for the achievement of understanding, which also facilitates reflection on points of convergence and divergence of the text with modernist aesthetics and humanist validity of Martian thought.
Abstract
The article proposes a guide for the study of the poem Dos milagros, by José Martí, from an integrating perspective, in the combination of some of the known [...]
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Happiness, versus happycracia
M. Ariño

Educa - UMCH (2019). N°13

Abstract
This article reflects on the concept of happiness throughout history, and its relationship with the three reference points of classical philosophy: the truth, the goodness and the beauty. It discusses whether the digital technologies are leading us to or move us away from happiness. The article tries to give an answer to questions such as, can we educate to develop a happy life? What is the influence of education to reach happiness? Can the effort and the well-done work be a source of happiness? The article deals also, in a critical manner, with the concept of happycracy and its meaning in relation to Positive Psychology, as well as the ideology and the different types of interest that underlie many current proposals to achieve a happy life.
Abstract
This article reflects on the concept of happiness throughout history, and its relationship with the three reference points of classical philosophy: the truth, the goodness [...]
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Marist values that students of higher education perceive in the teacher
A. Aguilera

Educa - UMCH (2019). N°13

Abstract
Nowadays, schools speak a lot about comprehensive training in human being, these philosophies are based on humanistic concepts. Although, they move away from the institutional management and traditional teaching values. This article shows that is possible a humanized and humanizing context inside the university through the systematization of experiences provided by Marcelino’s followers, who continuously search for new possibilities in order to accomplish Marist Mission. They have as inspiration source the dream from the founder: “living the Catholic Gospel with concrete circumstances of each historical context”
Abstract
Nowadays, schools speak a lot about comprehensive training in human being, these philosophies are based on humanistic concepts. Although, they move away from the institutional [...]
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Las interacciones de la niñez y adolescencia trabajadora en las calles de Xalapa, Veracruz, México: análisis de los mecanismos de control y estrategias de resistencia
A. Aguilera

Educa - UMCH (2019). N°13

Abstract
Para analizar las interacciones de los niños y adolescentes que trabajan en las calles de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, desde una perspectiva sociológica, se abordan las categorías de los mecanismos de control y la producción de estrategias de resistencia, como bases conceptuales para explicar la tensión permanente entre el niño. acción laboral y la existencia de un régimen de control y regulación del trabajo infantil. Primero, exponga la operación de dispositivos y dispositivos de control a varias escalas, que se mueven desde el umbral de una visión normativa y hegemónica en una clave neoliberal del espacio público, los proteccionistas-tutelares típicos de la concepción moderna de la infancia.En el segundo lugar, establece una conceptualización de las resistencias observadas en el sistema de interacción de niños y adolescentes que trabajan. Tercero, Se describen los significados que la calle y su actividad económica tienen para los sujetos sociales. Finalmente, se explican las prácticas colectivas de resistencia, desde la noción de actores sociales para la supervivencia.
Abstract
Para analizar las interacciones de los niños y adolescentes que trabajan en las calles de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, desde una perspectiva sociológica, [...]
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Evolution of the schools of first letters and its impulse by Carlos III. Special reference to the regulation for the establishment of free schools for girls of 1783
J. Osuna

Educa - UMCH (2019). N°13

Abstract
The configuration of education as a right and value in today's society is related to the creation and development of primary schools during the Ancient Régime, which were originally reserved for the privileged classes. The approaches of enlightened intelle ctuals allowed public authorities to detect the need to improve elementary education, and to create more and better schools of the so called "first letters", even for the most popular classes. This policy became one of the main educational objectives of Carlos III, who also opted to encourage the presence of girls in schools of first letters through the adoption of the Regulation for the establishment of free schools for girls in 1783.
Abstract
The configuration of education as a right and value in today's society is related to the creation and development of primary schools during [...]
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Social ascension of an undregraduate student with poor vision through studies: from basic education to university
A. Aguiar, S. Fernandes, A. Fernandes

Educa - UMCH (2019). N°13

Abstract
This article is born from a project linked to the research line Educational Practices, Culture, Diversity and Inclusion, carried out by the Pro-Rectory ofResearch and Postgraduate Studies (PROPEG) of the State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN / BRAZIL). The aim of this study is to understand how the success of a UERN undergraduate student at the popular level and with poor vision has contributed to his social progress from Basic Education to Higher Education. It is a qualitative research, based on Oral History, from (auto)biographical narratives, which allow a formative and self-formative process in the writing of the self and of the other. The access and permanence of the student in his trajectory between Basic Education and the University is a result of the help of the family and the support of the Directorate of Policies and Inclusive Actions (DAIN) of UERN. The lessons learned by the help of the family and by the support of a Multiprofessional Team of the DAIN contribute to the formation of the student, empowering him in the struggle to overcome architectural, physical and attitudinal barriers experienced in social and academic contexts.
Abstract
This article is born from a project linked to the research line Educational Practices, Culture, Diversity and Inclusion, carried out by the Pro-Rectory ofResearch and Postgraduate [...]
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A bonded discrete element method for modeling ship–ice interactions in broken and unbroken sea ice fields
O. Jou Devesa, M. Celigueta, S. Latorre, F. Arrufat, E. Oñate

Computational Particle Mechanics (2019). Vol. 6 (4), pp 739–765

Abstract
This work investigates the failure patterns of ice cakes and floe-icewhen loaded by amoving and sloping structure (ice-breaking ships and cones). In the paper, we introduce the most frequently encountered ice infested scenarios, the main characteristics of ice-breaking ships and the predicted failure modes of floe-ice depending on the loading conditions, the structure type and the ice feature dimensions and thickness. For the simulations, a local bonded discrete element method (DEM) is used to model sea ice and its fractures. The packing of bonded spherical particles which reproduce the ice continuum can break due to ship–ice interactions and the failure modes are studied. A set of validation simulations are first carried out. A level ice sheet breaking against an installed ice-breaking cone with different slope angles is studied, and the results are compared with other DEM simulations. Then, a group of bonded DEM simulations are performed to predict the different failure modes produced when an ice-breaking ship bow contacts with ice cakes and floe-ice of different dimensions and thickness, typical in broken ice fields. Finally, the study of breaking a continuous level ice sheet is carried out by modeling with the bonded DEM an “infinite” large domain of sea ice and loaded by a single-degree-of-freedom model of an ice-breaking ship.
Abstract
This work investigates the failure patterns of ice cakes and floe-icewhen loaded by amoving and sloping structure (ice-breaking ships and cones). In the paper, we introduce [...]
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Assessment of Nourishment Project at the Maresme Coast, Barcelona, Spain
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 11
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Assessment of Nourishment Project at the Maresme Coast, Barcelona, Spain
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2020). 12
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Pharmacotherapeutic profile and quality of life in elderly patient on primary care in Manizales, Colombia
J. Pérez-Agudelo, A. Salazar-Pineda, S. Ceballos-Camacho, J. Daza-Chica, E. Serna-Yepes, G. Fonseca-Saavedra

Collection of Articles on Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (2019). 1

Abstract
Introduction: The pharmacological management of the elderly is not only a challenge for the doctor but also for the patient. These patients present physiological changes that affect drug pharmacokinetics, altered also by the comorbidities of each patient and the pharmacological interactions, more frequently due to greater consumption of medications. Polypharmacy generates inadequate adherence, more pharmacological interactions, and increased adverse reactions (ADR) that compromise quality of life. Objective: To establish the association between polypharmacy, ADR and quality of life in elderly people of the city of Manizales. Materials and methods: A predictive, observational, prospective, longitudinal, analytical and non-interventional design research was developed. We included 165 older adults from Manizales. The WHOQOL-BREF instruments were used for the evaluation of quality of life and the Morisky-Green test to determine the pharmacotherapeutic adherence. Results: 52.7% of the patients were women. The predominant pathologies were hypertension (46.1%) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (8.5%). The frequency of RAM was 73.9%, 68.5% adherence and an average quality of life score of 94.8%. Significant differences were found between schooling, health system affiliation, socioeconomic status, occupation, marital status and social background towards pharmacotherapeutic adherence. Conclusion: An association between health system affiliation and ADRs shows that belonging to the subsidized regime increases the risk of ADR.
Abstract
Introduction: The pharmacological management of the elderly is not only a challenge for the doctor but also for the patient. These patients present physiological changes that [...]
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Chebyshev spectral collocation method approximations of the Stokes eigenvalue problem based on penalty techniques
Ö. Türk, R. Codina

Applied Numerical Mathematics (2019). (preprint) Vol. 145, pp. 188-200

Abstract
Numerical solution strategies for the Stokes eigenvalue problem based on the use of penalty formulations are investigated in this study. It is shown that the penalty method approach can successfully be adapted for the eigenproblem to rectify the associated problems such as the existence of zero diagonal entries in the resulting algebraic system. Two different schemes, namely, the standard penalisation with a small penalty parameter, and the iterative penalisation that enables relatively large parameters, are implemented. The employment of the latter leads to a so-called inhomogeneous generalised eigenvalue problem which requires a special attention. A feasible solution strategy is presented which is adapted from a procedure based on Newton's method proposed for the corresponding standard (inhomogeneous) eigenvalue problems. Concerning the spatial discretisation, among other possible options, the Chebyshev spectral collocation method based on expanding the unknown fields in tensor product of Chebyshev polynomials is employed. It is shown that the method constitutes a novel way of efficiently examining the approximate eigensolutions of the Stokes operator with the use of Chebyshev spectral collocation method directly, without a decoupling of velocity and pressure.
Abstract
Numerical solution strategies for the Stokes eigenvalue problem based on the use of penalty formulations are investigated in this study. It is shown that the penalty method [...]
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Logarithmic conformation reformulation in viscoelastic flow problems approximated by a VMS-type stabilized finite element formulation
L. Moreno García, R. Codina, J. Baiges, E. Castillo

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2019). Vol. 354, pp. 706-731

Abstract
The log-conformation reformulation, originally proposed by Fattal and Kupferman (2004), allows computing incompressible viscoelastic problems with high Weissenberg numbers which are impossible to solve with the typical three-field formulation. By following this approach, in this work we develop a new stabilized finite element formulation based on the logarithmic reformulation using the Variational Multiscale (VMS) method as stabilization technique, together with a modified log-conformation formulation. Our approach follows the term-by-term stabilization proposed by Castillo and Codina (2014) for the standard formulation, which is more effective when there are stress singularities. The formulation can be used when the relaxation parameter is set to zero, and permits a direct steady numerical resolution. The formulation is validated in the classical benchmark flow past a cylinder and in the well-known planar contraction 4:1, achieving very accurate, stable and mesh independent results for highly elastic fluids.
Abstract
The log-conformation reformulation, originally proposed by Fattal and Kupferman (2004), allows computing incompressible viscoelastic problems with high Weissenberg numbers [...]
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Dynamic term-by-term stabilized finite element formulation using orthogonal subgrid-scales for the incompressible Navier–Stokes problem
E. Castillo, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2019). Vol. 349, pp. 701-721

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and analyze the stability and the dissipative structure of a new dynamic term-by-term stabilized finite element formulation for the Navier–Stokes problem that can be viewed as a variational multiscale (VMS) method under some assumptions. The essential point of the formulation is the time dependent nature of the subscales and, contrary to residual-based formulations, the introduction of two velocity subscale components. They represent the components of the convective and the pressure gradient terms, respectively, of the momentum equation that cannot be captured by the finite element mesh. A key idea of the proposed method is that the convective subscale is close to a solenoidal field and the pressure gradient subscale is close to a potential field. The method ensures stability in anisotropic space–time discretizations, which is proved using numerical analysis for a linearized problem and demonstrated in classical numerical tests. The work includes a detailed description of the proposed formulation and several numerical examples that serve to justify our claims.
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and analyze the stability and the dissipative structure of a new dynamic term-by-term stabilized finite element formulation for [...]
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Time-dependent semidiscrete analysis of the viscoelastic fluid flow problem using a variational multiscale stabilized formulation
G. Barrenechea, E. Castillo, R. Codina

Journal of Numerical Analysis (2019). Vol. 39 (2), pp. 792-819

Abstract
In this article we analyse a stabilized finite element formulation recently proposed to approximate viscoelastic fluid flows. The formulation has shown to have accuracy and robustness in the different benchmarks tested in the viscoelastic framework, and permitting the use of equal interpolation of the unknown fields. We first present results about a linearized subproblem, for which well-posedness and stability results can be proved. Then, the semidiscrete nonlinear time-dependent case is addressed using a fixed point theorem, which allows us to prove existence of a semidiscrete solution, along with error estimates.
Abstract
In this article we analyse a stabilized finite element formulation recently proposed to approximate viscoelastic fluid flows. The formulation has shown to have accuracy and [...]
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Solution of low Mach number aeroacoustic flows using a Variational Multi-Scale finite element formulation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations written in primitive variables
C. Bayona, J. Baiges, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2019). Vol. 344, pp. 1073-1103

Abstract
In this work we solve the compressible Navier–Stokes equations written in primitive variables in order to simulate low Mach number aeroacoustic flows. We develop a Variational Multi-Scale formulation to stabilize the finite element discretization by including the orthogonal, dynamic and non-linear subscales, together with an implicit scheme for advancing in time. Three additional features define the proposed numerical scheme: the splitting of the pressure and temperature variables into a relative and a reference part, the definition of the matrix of stabilization parameters in terms of a modified velocity that accounts for the local compressibility, and the approximation of the dynamic stabilization matrix for the time dependent subscales. We also include a weak imposition of implicit non-reflecting boundary conditions in order to overcome the challenges that arise in the aeroacoustic simulations at low compressibility regimes. The order of accuracy of the method is verified for two- and three-dimensional linear and quadratic elements using steady manufactured solutions. Several benchmark flow problems are studied, including transient examples and aeroacoustic applications.
Abstract
In this work we solve the compressible Navier–Stokes equations written in primitive variables in order to simulate low Mach number aeroacoustic [...]
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Computational aeroacoustics to identify sound sources in the generation of sibilant /s/
A. Pont, O. Guasch, J. Baiges, R. Codina, A. Hirtum

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Biomed. Engng (2019). Vol. 35 (1), e3153

Abstract
A sibilant fricative /s/ is generated when the turbulent jet in the narrow channel between the tongue blade and the hard palate is deflected downwards through the space between the upper and lower incisors and then impinges the space between the lower incisors and the lower lip. The flow eddies in that region become a source of direct aerodynamic sound, which is also diffracted by the speech articulators and radiated outwards. The numerical simulation of these phenomena is complex. The spectrum of an /s/ typically peaks between 4 and 10 kHz, which implies that very fine computational meshes are needed to capture the eddies producing such high frequencies. In this work, a large‐scale computation of the aeroacoustics of /s/ has been performed for a realistic vocal tract geometry, resorting to two different acoustic analogies. A stabilized finite element method that acts as a large eddy simulation model has been adopted to solve the flow dynamics. Also, a numerical strategy has been implemented that allows the determination, in a single computational run, of the separate contribution of the sound diffracted by the upper incisors from the overall radiated sound. Results are presented for points located close to the lip opening showing the relative influence of the upper teeth depending on frequency.
Abstract
A sibilant fricative /s/ is generated when the turbulent jet in the narrow channel between the tongue blade and the hard palate is deflected downwards through the space between [...]
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Finite element modeling of nonlinear reaction-diffusion-advection systems of equations
S. Komala, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Heat and Fluid Flows (2018). Vol. 28 (11), pp. 2688-2715

Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to present a finite element formulation to approximate systems of reaction–diffusion–advection equations, focusing on cases with nonlinear reaction. The formulation is based on the orthogonal sub-grid scale approach, with some simplifications that allow one to stabilize only the convective term, which is the source of potential instabilities. The space approximation is combined with finite difference time integration and a Newton–Raphson linearization of the reactive term. Some numerical examples show the accuracy of the resulting formulation. Applications using classical nonlinear reaction models in population dynamics are also provided, showing the robustness of the approach proposed. Design/methodology/approach A stabilized finite element method for advection–diffusion–reaction equations to the problem on nonlinear reaction is adapted. The formulation designed has been implemented in a computer code. Numerical examples are run to show the accuracy and robustness of the formulation. Findings The stabilized finite element method from which the authors depart can be adapted to problems with nonlinear reaction. The resulting method is very robust and accurate. The framework developed is applicable to several problems of interest by themselves, such as the predator–prey model. Originality/value A stabilized finite element method to problems with nonlinear reaction has been extended. Original contributions are the design of the stabilization parameters and the linearization of the problem. The application examples, apart from demonstrating the validity of the numerical model, help to get insight in the system of nonlinear equations being solved.
Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to present a finite element formulation to approximate systems of reaction–diffusion–advection equations, focusing on cases with nonlinear [...]
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Stationary and time-dependent numerical approximation of the lid-driven cavity problem for power-law fluid flows at high Reynolds numbers using a stabilized finite element formulation of the VMS type
A. Aguirre, E. Castillo, M. Cruchaga, R. Codina, J. Baiges

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics (2018). Vol. 257, pp. 22-43

Abstract
In this work, a variational multiscale finite element formulation is used to approximate numerically the lid-driven cavity flow problem for high Reynolds numbers. For Newtonian fluids, this benchmark case has been extensively studied by many authors for low and moderate Reynolds numbers (up to Re=10,000), giving place to steady flows, using stationary and time-dependent approaches. For more convective flows, the solution becomes unstable, describing an oscillatory behavior. The critical Reynolds number which gives place to this time-dependent fluid dynamics has been defined over a wide range 7, 300 ≲ Re ≲ 35, 000, using different numerical approaches. In the non-Newtonian case, the cavity problem has not been studied deeply for high Reynolds number (Re > 10, 000), specifically, in the oscillatory time-dependent case. A VMS formulation is presented to be validated using existing results, to determine flow conditions at which the instability appears, and lastly, to establish new benchmark solutions for high-Reynolds numbers fluid flows using the power-law model. Obtained results show a good agreement with those reported in the references, and new data related with the oscillatory behavior of the flow has been found for the non-Newtonian case. In this regard, time-dependent flows show dependence on both Reynolds number and power-law index, and the unsteady starting point has been determined for all studied cases. It is determined that the critical Reynolds number (Rec) that defines the first Hopf bifurcation for Newtonian fluid flow is ranged between 8,100 ≲ Rec ≲ 8, 250, whereas for power-law indexes n=0.5 and n=1.5, it is 7,100 ≲ Rec ≲ 7,200 and 18,250 ≲ Rec ≲ 18,500, respectively.
Abstract
In this work, a variational multiscale finite element formulation is used to approximate numerically the lid-driven cavity flow problem for high Reynolds numbers. For Newtonian [...]
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On hp convergence of stabilized finite element methods for the convection–diffusion equation
R. Codina

Sociedad Española de Matemática Aplicada (2018). Vol. 75 (4), pp. 591-606

Abstract
This work analyzes some aspects of the hp convergence of stabilized finite element methods for the convection-diffusion equation when diffusion is small. The methods discussed are classical-residual based stabilization techniques and also projection-based stabilization methods. The theoretical impossibility of obtaining an optimal convergence rate in terms of the polynomial order p for all possible Péclet numbers is explained. The key point turns out to be an inverse estimate that scales as p2. The use of this estimate is not needed in a particular case of (H1-)projection-based methods, and therefore the theoretical lack of convergence described does not exist in this case.
Abstract
This work analyzes some aspects of the hp convergence of stabilized finite element methods for the convection-diffusion equation when diffusion is small. The methods [...]
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Variational multiscale error estimators for the adaptive mesh refinement of compressible flow simulations
C. Bayona, R. Codina, J. Baiges

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2018). Vol. 337, pp. 501-526

Abstract
This article investigates an explicit a-posteriori error estimator for the finite element approximation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The proposed methodology employs the Variational Multi-Scale framework, and specifically, the idea is to use the variational subscales to estimate the error. These subscales are defined to be orthogonal to the finite element space, dynamic and non-linear, and both the subscales in the interior of the element and on the element boundaries are considered. Another particularity of the model is that we define some norms that lead to a dimensionally consistent measure of the compressible flow solution error inside each element; a scaled L2-norm, and the calculation of a physical entropy measure, are both studied in this work. The estimation of the error is used to drive the adaptive mesh refinement of several compressible flow simulations. Numerical results demonstrate good accuracy of the local error estimate and the ability to drive the adaptative mesh refinement to minimize the error through the computational domain.
Abstract
This article investigates an explicit a-posteriori error estimator for the finite element approximation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. [...]
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Unified solver for fluid dynamics and aeroacoustics in isentropic gas flows
A. Pont, R. Codina, J. Baiges, O. Guasch

Journal of Computational Physics (2018). Vol. 363, pp. 11-29

Abstract
The high computational cost of solving numerically the fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations, together with the poor performance of most numerical formulations for compressible flow in the low Mach number regime, has led to the necessity for more affordable numerical models for Computational Aeroacoustics. For low Mach number subsonic flows with neither shocks nor thermal coupling, both flow dynamics and wave propagation can be considered isentropic. Therefore, a joint isentropic formulation for flow and aeroacoustics can be devised which avoids the need for segregating flow and acoustic scales. Under these assumptions density and pressure fluctuations are directly proportional, and a two field velocity-pressure compressible formulation can be derived as an extension of an incompressible solver. Moreover, the linear system of equations which arises from the proposed isentropic formulation is better conditioned than the homologous incompressible one due to the presence of a pressure time derivative. Similarly to other compressible formulations the prescription of boundary conditions will have to deal with the backscattering of acoustic waves. In this sense, a separated imposition of boundary conditions for flow and acoustic scales which allows the evacuation of waves through Dirichlet boundaries without using any tailored damping model will be presented.
Abstract
The high computational cost of solving numerically the fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations, together with the poor performance of most numerical formulations [...]
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Stabilized mixed finite element method for the M1 radiation model
Q. Schmid, Y. Mesri, E. Hachem, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2018). Vol. 335, pp. 69-90

Abstract
In this work, we present a computational approach for the numerical simulation of thermal radiation. Radiation is modeled by solving a set of two coupled partial differential equations, the so-called M1 model. A Variational Multiscale method is developed for this system, and tested on some illustrative benchmarks. The question of dealing with heterogeneous physical properties is also considered, and treated by means of an immersed method. It combines a level-set approach for representation of interfaces, mixing laws to build effective physical properties and an anisotropic mesh adaptation process, all these ingredients leading to an accurate description of the interface.
Abstract
In this work, we present a computational approach for the numerical simulation of thermal radiation. Radiation is modeled by solving a set of two coupled partial [...]
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Variational multiscale approximation of the one‐dimensional forced Burgers equation: The role of orthogonal subgrid scales in turbulence modeling
C. Bayona, J. Baiges, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2018). Vol. 86 (5), pp. 313-328

Abstract
A numerical approximation for the one‐dimensional Burgers equation is proposed by means of the orthogonal subgrid scales–variational multiscale (OSGS‐VMS) method. We evaluate the role of the variational subscales in describing the Burgers “turbulence” phenomena. Particularly, we seek to clarify the interaction between the subscales and the resolved scales when the former are defined to be orthogonal to the finite‐dimensional space. Direct numerical simulation is used to evaluate the resulting OSGS‐VMS energy spectra. The comparison against a large eddy simulation model is presented for numerical discretizations in which the grid is not capable of solving the small scales. An accurate approximation to the phenomena of turbulence is obtained with the addition of the purely dissipative numerical terms given by the OSGS‐VMS method without any modification of the continuous problem.
Abstract
A numerical approximation for the one‐dimensional Burgers equation is proposed by means of the orthogonal subgrid scales–variational multiscale (OSGS‐VMS) method. [...]
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Perspectiva de Transformación Social en la Educación y la Empresa
E. EIDEC

(2019). BERNATE, JAYSON ANDREY BETANCOURT JIMÉNEZ, MILTON JAVIER CARRILLO VILLAMIZAR, JOHANNA ALEXANDRA FONSECA FRANCO, INGRID PATRICIA GARCÍA CELIS, MAURO FREDDY ORTIZ NAVARRETE, WILBER SILVA GIRALDO, EDWARD JOHNN SILVA GIRALDO, CESAR AUGUSTO URREA ROA, PEDRO NEL VALDERRAMA CARDENAS, JUAN CARLOS

Abstract
Perspectiva de Transformación Social en la Educación y la Empresa son los temas centrales del volumen 3 de la colección: investigación en educación, empresa y sociedad, inherentes a procesos investigativos y reflexivos. Algunos capítulos abordan reflexiones y experiencias en materia de formación, tanto en investigación como en otros campos y prácticas del saber y el conocimiento. Algunos más analizan tópicos relacionados con la investigación y los procesos de apropiación, generación y uso del conocimiento. Y otros más orbitan sobre experiencias y procesos educativos, didácticos y metodológicos, para fortalecer los aprendizajes en dominios dados del saber. CAPITULO 1. MIRADA SOBRE EL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO OFICIAL COLOMBIANO EN LA ACTUALIDAD, los autores Jayson Bernate , Ingrid Fonseca , Pedro Urrea , Mauro García , Milton Betancourt, ilustra aspectos relevantes en las reformas de la educación pública colombiana, a través de la reflexión pedagógica docente, identificada desde el gobierno como política nacional, de ahí que se contemplen apartados fundamentales para vincular todos los estamentos que hacen parte de la comunidad académica en búsqueda de los objetivos fundamentales para la gestación de seres proactivos y creadores de nuevas ideologías, ya que a consecuencia de la creación de nuevos decretos se partió en dos la historia del sistema educativo oficial en Colombia. CAPITULO 2. INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS PARA EL TRABAJO Y DESARROLLO HUMANO DE SAN VICENTE DEL CAGUÁN CAQUETÁ Y SU PARTICIPACIÓN EN EL POSTCONFLICTO, el autor Ortiz Navarrete, Wilber, presenta un análisis del postconflicto relacionando la dimensión educativa como uno de los principales referentes que dinamizan la consolidación del mismo buscando dignificar los niveles de sociedad actual. A su vez el aporte de la formación para el trabajo y desarrollo humano en la generación de competencias integrales que permiten la inserción y estabilidad en el campo laboral. CAPITULO 3. NARRATIVAS DE PROGRESO EN LA CONYUGALIDAD, los autores Silva Giraldo, Edward Johnn, Carrillo Villamizar, Johanna Alexandra, Valderrama Cárdenas, Juan Carlos y Silva Giraldo, Cesar Augusto, presentan un estudio que condujo a generar intercambios de saberes mediante la realización de ejercicios prácticos de meta-observación, sustentados en el modelo sistémico narrativo y la psicología positiva, para reconocer los recursos y las capacidades de las parejas. CAPITULO 4. POR QUÉ Y PARA QUÉ ESTUDIAR LOS GESTOS, el autor Valderrama Cárdenas, Juan Carlos, presenta una revisión teórica que explora los estudios clásicos respecto a la comunicación no-verbal, los hallazgos más recientes acerca de las posibles funciones de los gestos en la comunicación, en el pensamiento y en el desarrollo de habilidades para resolver problemas.
Abstract
Perspectiva de Transformación Social en la Educación y la Empresa son los temas centrales del volumen 3 de la colección: investigación en educación, [...]
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Periodicidad de las precipitaciones atmosféricas caidas sobre españa Peninsular
A. Publicas, A. Lechuga

Revista de Obras Publicas (1979).
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Freak Edge Waves
. Pelinovsky, E. , . Lechuga, A. al., A. Lechuga

Waves 2005 (2005).

Abstract
The nonlinear and unsteady dynamics of the edge waves is discussed. Two physical processes: dispersive focusing and nonlinear modulational instability, are studied. Both mechanisms can induce the appearance of the short-living large-amplitude isolated waves and intense wave packets (“freak edge waves”).
Abstract
The nonlinear and unsteady dynamics of the edge waves is discussed. Two physical processes: dispersive focusing and nonlinear modulational instability, are studied. Both mechanisms [...]
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Shockwaves in spillways with the particle finite element method
F. Salazar, J. San-Mauro, M. Celigueta, E. Oñate

Comp. Part. Mech. (2020). Vol. 7 (1), pp. 87-99

Abstract
Changes in direction and cross section in supercritical hydraulic channels generate shockwaves which result in an increase in flow depth with regard to that for uniform regime. These disturbances are propagated downstream and need to be considered in the design of the chute walls. In dam spillways, where flow rates are often high, this phenomenon can have significant implications for the cost and complexity of the solution. It has been traditionally analysed by means of reduced-scale experimental tests, as it has a clear three-dimensional character and therefore cannot be approached with two-dimensional numerical models. In this work, the ability of the particle finite element method (PFEM) to reproduce this phenomenon is analysed. PFEM has been successfully applied in previous works to problems involving high irregularities in free surface. First, simple test cases available in the technical bibliography were selected to be reproduced with PFEM. Subsequently, the method was applied in two spillways of real dams. The results show that PFEM is capable of capturing the shockwave fronts generated both in the contractions and in the expansions that occur behind the spillway piers. This suggests that the method may be useful as a complement to laboratory test campaigns for the design and hydraulic analysis of dam spillways with complex geometries.
Abstract
Changes in direction and cross section in supercritical hydraulic channels generate shockwaves which result in an increase in flow depth with regard to that for uniform regime. [...]
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An investigation on thermal performance of wollastonite and bentonite reinforced intumescent fire-retardant coating for steel structures
F. Ahmad, S. Ullah, N. Merican, E. Oñate, A. Al-Sehemi, G. Yeoh

Construction and Building Material (2019). Vol. 228, 116734

Abstract
This research emphases on the synthesis of new formulations of intumescent coating with improved thermal performance for steel structures. The coating formulations were based on the expandable graphite reinforced with wollastonite and bentonite. Ten samples of five formulations were synthesized by varying grinding time duration between 1 and 2 min. To analyse the substrate temperature of coated steel, fire test was performed according to ASTM-E119. The char morphology was observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). FTIR and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) test is conducted to analyse the composition of the residual char. The residual char mass was perceived by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the coating. X-ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized for binding energy and elemental composition of the char. One-hour fire protection test showed 166 _C, the lowest substrate temperature of IFRC5-2 and 40.46% residual mass was obtained by TGA analysis. XRD analysis showed that residual char has aluminum borate and borophosphate and confirmed by functional group analysis using and FTIR. FESEM and TEM illustrated that char relates to hexagonal particles of wollastonite. XPS analysis of IFRC5-2 showed the carbon and oxygen contents were 41.40% and 51.20%. Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Pyrolysis GC–MS) results showed IFRC-5 produced less concentration of the gaseous products compared to IFRC-C. The formulations developed by grinding solid ingredients for 2 min showed improved thermal performance compared with the formulation produced by grinding solid ingredients for 1 min. Longer grinding time and higher amount of filler improved the thermal properties of the intumescent coating.
Abstract
This research emphases on the synthesis of new formulations of intumescent coating with improved thermal performance for steel structures. The coating formulations were based [...]
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Editorial: The practice of engineering in BIM times
J. Pérez

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (2), 9
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Book review: Structural dynamics applied to seismic design. Luis Enrique García Reyes
N. López

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (2), 14

Abstract
This paper shows a revision of the text Structural Dynamics Applied to the Seismic Design of Professor Luis Enrique García Reyes, from the Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, in which the most relevant appraisals of its content are collected. Although it has been published in 1998, the subject matter is still valid, and due to the form and sequence in which the contents are presented, it is easy for an undergraduate student in engineering to understand in most of its chapters, being used as text book in the subject Dynamics of Structures of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador.
Abstract
This paper shows a revision of the text Structural Dynamics Applied to the Seismic Design of Professor Luis Enrique García Reyes, from the Universidad de los Andes, [...]
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A case study of the flipped classroom model in a rigid-body mechanics course
Y. Ramírez

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (2), 11

Abstract
The objective of this article is to present an investigation in which the case study method was used using a group control, to apply the flipped classroom model in a rigid body mechanics course. The students of the group have received the course with the investment model, while the control group with the traditional method is based on lectures. This qualitative-quantitative study collected information from two sources: final course grades and student surveys. As a result, the final scores of group B were also higher than group A (p = 0.039). Group B ratings related to the percentage of pre-recorded conference reviews. In the surveys, group B positively rated the application of the model at 8,3 ± 1,4. In conclusion, that the inverted class promotes student self-learning, which is recommended in the contents related to Physics and Mathematics.
Abstract
The objective of this article is to present an investigation in which the case study method was used using a group control, to apply the flipped classroom model in a rigid [...]
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Logistical model to approximate the s curve of the planning of sewage projects
J. López, J. Aguirre, F. Carrera, E. Merino

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (2), 12

Abstract
The engineering projects have a plan of activities to be carried out in an estimated initial time, which is contrasted with the real time that the execution of the project took. This initial plan is of utmost importance for both the builder and the contracting entity of the work, since this represents a direct relationship of the costs of each stage and the time they demand. The graphic representation of this relationship is adopted as a planning resource, and its form is similar to the S curve. On this graph, it can be seen that at the beginning of the project the accumulated costs are increasing, and at the end of the project it is observed that they decrease. For these reasons, this paper presents a logistic equation model that predicts the planning of a sewer construction project based on a given budget for its execution and the estimated initial time. The model is constructed from a representative sample of sewerage projects executed in the province of Pichincha, and is validated using other that not taken into account in said sample. The model proposed in this paper has as an added value its usefulness in decision-making by public entities because it provides a more accurate estimate of the project's valued timeline.
Abstract
The engineering projects have a plan of activities to be carried out in an estimated initial time, which is contrasted with the real time that the execution of the project [...]
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Steel fibers in the resistance to compression of the concrete
M. Córdova, D. Díaz, J. Novoa, J. Alayo

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (2), 13

Abstract
This research aims at to evaluate the effect of steel fiber on concrete specimens under compressive strength. The compression strength test was determined in three groups with three specimens each, a control group and two experiments with proportions of 25 and 30 kg/m3 of steel fiber. a compression test was made on the specimens at the age of 14 days. The results of the group with the highest resistance is that with a proportion of 25 kg/m3 of steel fiber with resistance 212,39 kg/m2, exceeding the control group by 1,1%.
Abstract
This research aims at to evaluate the effect of steel fiber on concrete specimens under compressive strength. The compression strength test was determined in three groups [...]
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Experimental determination of the active lateral pressure against retaining walls undergoing translation and rotation about the top
J. Ayala, C. Murillo

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 20 (2), 10

Abstract
This paper is about the experimental determination of the active lateral pressure distribution of a granular soil on a rigid retaining wall undergoing a horizontal translation and a rotation about the top. The pressure measurement was made using load cells as sensors, being the variables the relative density of the backfill and the rugosity of the wall backside. The placement of backfill in loose and dense state was obtained by using the pluviation and the mesh extraction methods, respectively. The wall movement was controlled by a simple mechanical system. The experimental results obtained lead to the general conclusion that loose soils show a linear distribution, and dense soils, a non-linear distribution. Particularly, the distribution of the lateral pressure of a dense backfill against wall that moves horizontally and rotates about the top, shows two peaks. This fact is explained by the Granular Mechanics as the juxtaposition of two pressure distributions related to horizontal translation and rotation about the top.
Abstract
This paper is about the experimental determination of the active lateral pressure distribution of a granular soil on a rigid retaining wall undergoing a horizontal translation [...]
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Rogue waves in a water tank: Experiments and modeling
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2013). 5
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Resonancia en playas
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (1985). 6
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Parabolic trajectories and Lie's contact transformations
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 4

Abstract
This work is a kind of homage to Sophus Lie,using a sugestion from Isaac Newton.
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Parabolic trajectories and Lie's contact transformations
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 3

Abstract
This work is a kind of homage to Sophus Lie using a sugestion from Isaac Newton.
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Editorial RIEI 2019
R. F. Herrera

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 1

Abstract
Dada la creciente preocupación de desarrollo de una buena enseñanza de la ingeniería, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, con el objetivo de formar profesionales preparados para la época moderna con grandes avances tecnológicos y un cambio acelerado en las metodologías de trabajo de la ingeniería global y multidisciplinaria, resulta fundamental tener una instancia a nivel Iberoamericano que permita difundir y proponer nuevas tendencias en la educación de ingenieros. La Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) contribuye a la difusión de desarrollos teóricos, propuestas metodológicas y aplicaciones prácticas de la educación en todas las áreas de la ingeniería en Iberoamérica. La revista publica desde el año 2019 artículos originales, en idioma castellano o portugués en tópicos relevantes para la educación en ingeniería, tales como: metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje activas en el aula (aprendizaje basado en proyectos, aprendizaje-servicio, gamificación, entre otros); trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario, fomento de la innovación y el emprendimiento, sistemas de evaluación, actividades que apoyen la inserción laboral, enseñanza de nuevas tecnologías, enseñanza de ciencias para ingenieros.
Abstract
Dada la creciente preocupación de desarrollo de una buena enseñanza de la ingeniería, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, con el objetivo de formar [...]
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Modal Identification with Mobile Sensors Using Cohen’s Class Time-Frequency Distributions
M. Marmolejo

Gaceta Técnica (2019). Vol. 19 (1), 8

Abstract
Dynamic characterization of structures from field measurements is useful for different purposes (e.g. retrofit validation, model updating, structural health monitoring, etc.). The identification of high spatial density mode shapes has been recently a challenge tackled using mobile sensors. These sensors travel over the structure and continuously acquire vibration data that is used to identify modal coordinates with a higher spatial density than can generally be obtained using a limited number of stationary sensors. The recorded signal from a mobile sensor is non-stationary, thus, it has significant variations in its spectral content over time, requiring a suitable processing to extract the properties not only for the time but also for the frequency domain. In this paper, Cohen’s class Time-Frequency Distributions (TFD) are proposed for the output-only dynamics identification of structures based on non-stationary signals recorded with mobile sensors. Identification is achieved through cross-time-frequency estimators using Smoothed Pseudo-Wigner-Ville (SPWVD) distribution. Results from numerical simulations using a simply supported beam subject to ambient vibration are shown and the sensibility of the proposed identification to the presence of measurement noise is evaluated. Numerical results show that use of the cross-time-frequency estimators is effective in extracting modal properties of the structures and filtering noise.
Abstract
Dynamic characterization of structures from field measurements is useful for different purposes (e.g. retrofit validation, model updating, structural health monitoring, etc.). [...]
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Time Frequency Distributions-Based Identification of Modal Shape Using Mobile Sensors
M. Marmolejo

Mario Marmolejo's personal collection (2019). 1

Abstract
Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is a common tool for identification of dynamic parameters of structures during operation using output-only data. Modal shapes are traditionally identified in a static setting where stationary sensors are fixed at locations and contain profitable structural responses, however, data contains restricted spatial information. Mobile sensors can provide extensive data information like a dense stationary sensors array. Mobile sensing provides several advantages over static schemes using stationary sensors, but the main advantage is a single mobile sensor can be used to record signals continuously along the structure. Signals obtained by mobile sensors during dynamic events (e.g. ambient vibrations) contain nonlinear, nonstationary, and noisy properties, thus, it has significant variations in its spectral content over time, requiring a suitable processing to extract the properties in both time and frequency domains. A wavelet-based method is proposed to perform modal identification for output-only systems identified using mobile sensors. A Morlet wavelet is used, as it can decouple the measured multicomponent signal to monocomponent signals in the form of complex-valued, and then the identification scheme for single-degree-of freedom systems can be implemented to extract the modal parameters. In this paper, it is shown how the amplitude and the phase of the wavelet transform of recorded signals from the mobile sensor are related to eigenfrequencies and damping coefficients. Modal shapes are identified using transmissibility functions. Also, the effect of noise on the extracted modal parameters is investigated. The validity of the method is demonstrated by a numerical case study using theoretical results and Smoothed Pseudo-Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD).
Abstract
Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is a common tool for identification of dynamic parameters of structures during operation using output-only data. Modal shapes are traditionally [...]
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Were freak waves involved in the sinking of the Tanker “Prestige”?
A. Lechuga, A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 7

Abstract
This paper deals with the possible involvement of freak, rogue or giant waves in the damage suffered by the Tanker Prestige, which eventually led to its sinking. By reason of their very characteristics, giant waves are hard to record. Their more or less sudden appearance makes them fairly elusive objects, except for the consequences they produce. However, some hints with regard to the probability of their occurrence can be derived from considering how close the maritime weather of the area of interest is to the situation which is optimal for their generation. This paper takes into account the wave field in the area and at the time of the Prestige accident and investigates how near or how far the wave field was to the instability conditions that are favourable to the generation of freak waves in the different approximations. This paper explores mostly the modulation instability which is one of the most common mechanisms to produce freak waves: it leads to the decomposition of an initially homogeneous train of Stokes waves firstly into a series of groups of waves, whose envelope then produces the so-called “solitons”, that then collapse in the form of a giant wave. This mechanism mainly occurs in deep waters. Zakharov studied it in 1968 and, independently, Benjamin and Feir analysed it in 1967. This paper proves that the wave field was conspicuously two dimensional with two main wave components travelling in directions almost orthogonal to each other. This means that the wave field was well outside the instability domain. Therefore it is concluded that freak waves were very unlikely generated and it is improbable that they were responsible for the accident. Correspondence to: A. Lechuga (antonio.lechuga@cedex.es)1Introduction Some people and institutions concerned with the accident of the Tanker Prestige expressed the opinion that perhaps the main damage that eventually led to its sinking could be caused by freak waves. In order to clarify this point we are going to study the possible involvement of such waves in the damage suffered by the Prestige, using observed wave records and theoretical models to describe the sea conditions. Firstly, it is useful to define what we understand as a freak wave. To this end we will take into account the descriptions appearing in the literature and the opinions shared by many researchers, such as Pelinovsky and Kharif (2000), Peregrine (1979), Osborne et al. (2000), Zakharov et al. (2006), and Dyachencko and Zakharov (2005), amongst many others. The two last named authors, in particular, point out the following characteristics of freak waves:
Abstract
This paper deals with the possible involvement of freak, rogue or giant waves in the damage suffered by the Tanker Prestige, which eventually led to its sinking. By reason [...]
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Parabolic trajectories and Lie's contact transformations
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 2

Abstract
This work is a kind of homage to Sophus Lie using a sugestion given by Isaac Newton: To show theory through examples instead of precepts. So contact transformations are studying by the well-known parabolic trajectories.
Abstract
This work is a kind of homage to Sophus Lie using a sugestion given by Isaac Newton: To show theory through examples instead of precepts. So contact transformations are [...]
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Parabolic trajectories and Lie's contact transformations
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 10

Abstract
This work os a kind of homage to Sophus Lie, using a sugestion from Isaac Newton that wrote that was beter to give examples than precepts. So, I study contact transformations through the well-known parabolic trajectories.
Abstract
This work os a kind of homage to Sophus Lie, using a sugestion from Isaac Newton that wrote that was beter to give examples than precepts. So, I study contact transformations [...]
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Parabolic trajectories and Lie’s contact transformations
A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 1

Abstract
This work is a kind of homage to the great mathematicien Sophus Lie , but following the sugestion of Isaac Newton I use an example Instead of theory. The possibilities of infinitesimal groups in the solución of dlfferential equations is well-known todas.
Abstract
This work is a kind of homage to the great mathematicien Sophus Lie , but following the sugestion of Isaac Newton I use an example Instead of theory. The possibilities of [...]
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Full-scale numerical calculation of ballasted tracks with the Discrete Element Method
J. Irazábal, F. Salazar, E. Oñate, J. Irazábal González

J. Irazábal's Conference proceedings (2019). 1

Abstract
Rail transport, both for people and goods, is becoming increasingly significant all over the world, which is reflected in the great growth of conventional and high-speed train lines. Most of these infrastructures are built with railway ballast, a granular material whose main functions are to resist vertical and horizontal loads and to face climatic actions. The growing popularity of these infrastructures has led to the development of numerical models to evaluate their performance. Among a wide range of numerical methods, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was found to be effective for evaluating the performance of granular materials. This approach considers their discontinuous nature and has proven to be a useful tool to determine the dynamic behaviour of groups of particles. Moreover, the DEM is also used to compute the behaviour of continuum materials. In this work, rails and bearing plates are characterised in the calculations using this methodology, called the bonded DEM. It is a modification of the classical DEM which assumes that bonds exist between particles, resisting their separation. The code used is developed within DEMPack, a specific software tool for modelling physical problems using the DEM. Currently, DEMPack allows the use of two different types of geometry: spheres with rolling friction and clusters of spheres. A previous analysis showed that spheres are more effective for studying the macroscopic behaviour of the ballast layer, while clusters are necessary for small-scale tests involving highly compacted particles since their results are greatly influenced by particles and contacts distribution. After calibrating the code, full-scale tests were performed applying the load of a high-speed train on a railway track section in different situations. Considering the amount of material (about 260,000 particles) and that the aim is to evaluate the deflection of the rails, the calculations are carried out using spheres. The numerical results correctly capture the effect on the deflection of the rails. It can be concluded that the DEM increases the possibilities for analysing innovative solutions since real case-scenarios can be studied with enough accuracy and feasible time.
Abstract
Rail transport, both for people and goods, is becoming increasingly significant all over the world, which is reflected in the great growth of conventional and high-speed train [...]
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Numerical study of mixed-phase ice crystal icing based on Eulerian method
Y. TAN, A. LAI

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2019). Vol. 35, (3), 38

Abstract
Ice crystals mainly cause compressor blades icing, and it is difficult to reveal the icing mechanism by experimental methods. Therefore, an Eulerian method was used to study ice crystal icing on a wedge airfoil in this paper. The calculation process was divided into three parts. First, the air flow field was calculated by Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Then the Eulerian method was used to obtain the trajectory of ice crystal and droplet. At last, the Messinger model was used to calculate the ice shape. The feasibility of the numerical method was verified by the NRC’s experiments. Then the effect of pressure on icing was analyzed. It could be found that the lower the pressure, the stronger the sublimation (evaporation) of ice crystals (droplets), and the more obvious the icing was. In addition, the ratio of LWC/TWC (Liquid Water Content/ Total Water Content) had a great effect on icing. It also could be found that too little or too much liquid water was not conductive for icing. The conclusions obtained by calculation were basically consistent with the NRC’s. The method in this paper could provide some reference for the subsequent study of engine icing mechanism or the design of anti-icing system.
Abstract
Ice crystals mainly cause compressor blades icing, and it is difficult to reveal the icing mechanism by experimental methods. Therefore, an Eulerian method was used to study [...]
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Determinación de los factores de riesgo asociados a la conducta suicida en adolescentes
E. Ortiz, M. Meza Meza, S. Cañón

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2019). 1

Abstract
El suicidio es un fenómeno social complejo, también reconocido como un problema de salud pública y mental, cuya pre-valencia y morbilidad en la población ha incrementado, especialmente en la población adolescente, siendo la segunda causa de muerte de este grupo etario. Se estima que más de 800.000 personas mueren al año a causa del suicidio a nivel mundial. Por cada suicidio es probable que más de 20 personas hayan tenido un intento suicida. En cuanto a Colombia, durante 2017 se detectaron 83,62 intentos de suicidio por cada 100.000 habitantes. Mientras que en Manizales se presentaron 39 casos de auto-lesiones por intento de suicidio, y una tasa de 10,43 eventos por cada 100.000 habitantes, con tendencia al incremento. La conducta suicida corresponde a los síntomas o comportamientos que el individuo presenta, antes de tener un intento suicida, siendo manifestada de manera verbal y no verbal. Diversos factores de riesgo interactúan entre sí, para generar una conducta suicida, y dar origen al suicidio, los cuales pueden ser biológicos, sociales, e individuales. Siendo la conducta suicida un dato observacional, para detener la mortalidad por suicidio a nivel mundial, es relevante conocer los factores de riesgo asociados, para una detección temprana e intervención oportuna.
Abstract
El suicidio es un fenómeno social complejo, también reconocido como un problema de salud pública y mental, cuya pre-valencia y morbilidad en la población [...]
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RAMSSES – Realisation and Demonstration of Advanced Material Solutions for Sustainable and Efficient Ships
C. Cau, M. Krause, D. Roland

n/a

Abstract
The RAMSSES project aims to show the benefits of advanced materials in maritime applications by implementing 13 market driven demo cases. The entire process chain and a wide range of applications (structural components, equipment, ship integration, repair) are covered. Installation and assessment of demonstrators on shore or on board will reveal the high technology readiness. The test program, based on risk assessment and supervised by rule making bodies, targets on ensuring relevance for commercial approval beyond the project. While demonstrators will support commercialisation of specific products, RAMSSES is also engaged strategically in enabling more rapid and agile material innovation in the European Maritime industry. The first key element is a knowledge repository for test data and best practice procedures, allowing reuse of such information for similar future cases. Secondly, standardised risk scenarios will help easing approval processes in the future, and finally a new materials innovation platform will enhance continuous technology transfer within the maritime sector and beyond.
Abstract
The RAMSSES project aims to show the benefits of advanced materials in maritime applications by implementing 13 market driven demo cases. The entire process chain and a wide [...]
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Challenges to be tackled in the computational modeling and numerical simulation of FSW processes
C. Agelet de Saracibar

Metals (2019). Vol. 9 (5), pp. 573

Abstract
The computational modeling and numerical simulation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes is an extremely challenging task due to the highly nonlinear and coupled nature of the physical problem and the complex computational issues that need to be properly tackled in the numerical model.
Abstract
The computational modeling and numerical simulation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes is an extremely challenging task due to the highly nonlinear and coupled nature [...]
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Challenges to be tackled in the computational modeling and numerical simulation of FSW processes
C. Agelet de Saracibar

Metals (2019). Vol. 9 (5), pp. 573

Abstract
The computational modeling and numerical simulation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes is an extremely challenging task due to the highly nonlinear and coupled nature of the physical problem and the complex computational issues that need to be properly tackled in the numerical model.
Abstract
The computational modeling and numerical simulation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes is an extremely challenging task due to the highly nonlinear and coupled nature [...]
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Evolución de la matriz de generación de Guatemala y su impacto en las transacciones internacionales de energía eléctrica
U. Galileo, I. de Recursos Energéticos

Instituto de Recursos Energéticos's personal collection (2019). 1

Abstract
A partir de la formación de un Mercado Mayorista de Electricidad en Guatemala, que promueve la competencia en la generación, se inicia el crecimiento y la diversificación de la matriz de la generación de incentivos incentiva su formación a partir de los recursos renovables y no renovables de la forma eficiente, con el propósito de proveer la suficiente oferta de potencia y energía eléctrica para cubrir la demanda, tanto en la época como en la época lluviosa. Al mismo tiempo, el país evolucionó en su matriz de generación, creció en la energía de la energía en el Mercado Eléctrico Regional y recientemente en México, en el crecimiento económico de Guatemala y los participantes del Mercado Mayorista de Electricidad.
Abstract
A partir de la formación de un Mercado Mayorista de Electricidad en Guatemala, que promueve la competencia en la generación, se inicia el crecimiento y la diversificación [...]
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Providing a new scheduling method in fog network using the ant colony algorithm
E. Ghaffari

Collection of Articles on Computer Science (2019). 1

Abstract
Fog computing provides reliable computing, customized and by guarantee dynamic environments for the end-users, so that more and more people tend to use fog environments every day in their workplace. Virtualization is an integral part of fog. The purpose of using fog computing systems is to minimize the cost of using a virtual machine by service providers and also to maximize revenue from providing service to consumers' applications. Scheduling is a process that considers several parameters simultaneously to optimize the execution of requests in fog computing networks, such as the queue duration of requests and the speed of virtual machine, and the priority of requests, and these parameters result in the success or failure of a request on virtual machine. In this study, we provided a new method of scheduling using ant colony algorithm, which can perform scheduling and execution of tasks with higher quality.
Abstract
Fog computing provides reliable computing, customized and by guarantee dynamic environments for the end-users, so that more and more people tend to use fog environments every [...]
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Andragogy and training of entrepreneurs at UNESR Bolívar
M. Doubront

correspondencias & análisis (2019). 11

Abstract
Given the complex crisis experienced by Venezuela, which has provoked a systematic defection of university students, there is a need to structure a training plan for entrepreneurs, to create new businesses, where youth have a leading role, strengthening a culture of entrepreneurship compatible with Andragogical, participatory and flexible philosophy of Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR).
Abstract
Given the complex crisis experienced by Venezuela, which has provoked a systematic defection of university students, there is a need to structure a training plan for entrepreneurs, [...]
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Vulnerability of social communication students. A case study
P. Echeverry

correspondencias & análisis (2019). 10

Abstract
This article start with a research completed in 2018, whose goal was to identify situations and causes of physical, emotional, social and economic vulnerability of the students of the Social Communication´s program. In pursuit of this aim, four discussion groups, 125 surveys shaped with 49 closed questions each, provided the information for the analysis. The results of the research, enabled the identification of some socioeconomic characteristics of the students, such as that the program average student lives in low-middle class neighborhoods, does not get to have three proper meals a day and depends on his family to pay their student fees and their sustenance. The research also showed that belonging to the LGBTIQ+ population, parenting, and financial difficulties, represent some bigger student vulnerability conditions which impact in the quality of the training environment and the forming process itself.
Abstract
This article start with a research completed in 2018, whose goal was to identify situations and causes of physical, emotional, social and economic vulnerability of the students [...]
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