Documents published in 2005 : Scipedia

Does the TV shel exit in a global universe of communication?
J. Cabero Almenara

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 41

Abstract
The variety of revolutions in human communication history goes from the Roman roadway to the printing, radio, TV and Internet. At present, the only global media is the TV due to audience, quality, globalization, world presence, impact, sets duplication. Anyway, we cannot forget that is the TV communication ecosystem a series of facts have changed the initial ideas that we had. These facts are a bigger knowledge of its working, privatizacions and media clubs creation, the audience participation and the convergence of technologies.Finally, the paper claims for a new viewer, more critical and analytic, who could decode the messages transmitte by media.
Abstract
The variety of revolutions in human communication history goes from the Roman roadway to the printing, radio, TV and Internet. At present, the only global media is the TV [...]
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Teaching to watch TV: a necessary and possible option
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 40

Abstract
This paper shows a series of recommendations to every institution or field directly related to the promotion of the so called «TV competence» which means the citizens´ ability, mainly children and young people, to interact whit TV programmes from our intelligent, active and critic point of view, overcoming both uncritical and hyper critical positions, passiveness and refection to TV screen messages. The author claims for an urgent social implication including Educative and Media authorities, TV viewers´ associations, schools and teachers, families and parents to get a balanced democratic development.
Abstract
This paper shows a series of recommendations to every institution or field directly related to the promotion of the so called «TV competence» which means the citizens´ [...]
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What is the television that we have like?
V. Gómez i Oliver

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 39

Abstract
Nowadays national and international reflection on television and mass media in general is based on the activities that the European Observatory for Children´s Television has been carrying out for nine years. This paper proposes to integrate all screens into one ideal screen and to define a series of categories which show how to work whith quality contents, especially for children and youngsters, the most vulnerable audience, who spend more time in front of screens than at school or socializing with their friends, and sometimes even with their own families. The paper ends with comments on a series of proposals and international initiatives about quality television, not only from the theoretical point of view, but from the practical point of view, which allow us to hope that the people who works on media would understand the importance of their educational wolves in order to achieve a total and satisfactory integrations of future citizens into the society of information.
Abstract
Nowadays national and international reflection on television and mass media in general is based on the activities that the European Observatory for Children´s Television [...]
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About a television for the education in tuning multimedia
A. García Matilla

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 38

Abstract
In 2005, the current socialist government has set out to undertake the greatest update in broadcasting policy since 1956, the moment in which television was born in Spain. This transformation is related to the quick digital reconversion that television has suffered in the latest years. Despite the changes in the law and some reasons to be optimistic about technological development in a recent future the television of the 21st century can not do without being profitable in a social, cultural and educative sense. This is a challenge which many countries have not faced yet and Spain is among these countries. Some models of public television in the world have consolidated proposals of broadcasting contents that make a priority out of the cultural and educative role of television.
Abstract
In 2005, the current socialist government has set out to undertake the greatest update in broadcasting policy since 1956, the moment in which television was born in Spain. [...]
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Quality television: distinctiveness and audience
R. Camacho Ordóñez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 37

Abstract
In the endless debate about quality television, we should first deal with the definition of quality, with its investigation and evaluation and with the exigible conditions to achieve it. From this point, we think that the key lies in the idea of audiences as a whole of citizens, not just as mere consumers or users. This simple affirmation gives place to very important consequences for the triple classical function of PSBs (Public Service Broadcasters), which is to inform, educate and entertain. Quality is assured always that PSB does its duty as a public service, to which it has been encomended. Thus, it must provide diversity and reach a broad audience, with a guarantee of respect to the principles subject to law. Additionally, society needs to be taught to watch television and to understand this media.
Abstract
In the endless debate about quality television, we should first deal with the definition of quality, with its investigation and evaluation and with the exigible conditions [...]
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Is a quality television possible?
C. Serra

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 36

Abstract
The author makes her proposal of a quality TV which means closed to European models designed as a public service and full of politic pluralism. She proposes a less passive TV whith more cultural contens and for away from mercantile devices or getting audience as its main aim. A TV for everyone financed by everyone.
Abstract
The author makes her proposal of a quality TV which means closed to European models designed as a public service and full of politic pluralism. She proposes a less passive [...]
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Presentación de temas: Comunicación, música y tecnologías
M. Fernández de la Vega

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 35
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Prolegómenos
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 34
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Red de revistas iberoamericanas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 33
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Reseñas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 32
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Plataformas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 31
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Actualidad
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 30
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Today’s challenges of Media Education
F. Tucho Fernández

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 29

Abstract
Entre los días 25 y 30 de julio de 2004 se celebró en la ciudad brasileña de Porto Alegre el 24º Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Estudios de Comunicación Social (IAMCR en sus siglas en inglés), una de las más antiguas y prestigiosas organizaciones en la investigación de la comunicación en sus múltiples vertientes.
Abstract
Entre los días 25 y 30 de julio de 2004 se celebró en la ciudad brasileña de Porto Alegre el 24º Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Estudios de Comunicación [...]
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Psychological intervention through the Internet
F. Ruiz Molina

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 28

Abstract
Is it feasible to perform a therapy or a so called psychological intervention omitting the usual ways, that is, omitting a clinical intervention? The technical advances that our society has recently experienced make answer to the previous question necessary. Elements such as the electronic mail, chat, web sites or videoconferences have transformed the Internet in a therapeutic tool, available to both professionals and patients who want to and can use it. Moreover, in some particular cases it may be the only possible way to start a therapeutic intervention.
Abstract
Is it feasible to perform a therapy or a so called psychological intervention omitting the usual ways, that is, omitting a clinical intervention? The technical advances that [...]
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Journalistic essay: a didactic proposal
J. Bustamante Newball, M. García Romero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 27

Abstract
Considering the problems that occur in the teaching and learning of the journalistic essay in the career of Social Communication and the importance of this text in the practice of that profession, a didactic proposal is formulated in order to make explicit the expectations, to establish basic and concrete elements for the writing and evaluation on this essay and to increase the students as well as the professors satisfaction with the results of the educational process.
Abstract
Considering the problems that occur in the teaching and learning of the journalistic essay in the career of Social Communication and the importance of this text in the practice [...]
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What does it means to be literate nowadays?
M. Pérsico, S. Contín

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 26

Abstract
This paper presents theoretical reflections on the concept of literacy and its current complexity. Then, a serie of films is introduced to be worked on and applied in the field of teaching and teachers training. A collage of three cultures aims at the revision of concepts and practice related to advanced literacy. Finally, methodological activities are provided and used at a workshop.
Abstract
This paper presents theoretical reflections on the concept of literacy and its current complexity. Then, a serie of films is introduced to be worked on and applied in the [...]
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Encyclomedia: new images for the classroom
G. Hernández Luviano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 25

Abstract
«Encyclomedia» is a teaching strategy based on a system that integrates media and resources for learning in the classroom with the support of a computer, an electronic blackboard, a projector and a printer. It intends to integrate media, tools and resources in the classroom practice, in order to support the teaching and learning process. It is structured from the digitalization of the free textbooks distributed by the Ministry of Education, enriched with links with videos, audios, interactive activities, virtual encyclopedias and resources that complement the topics of the syllabus of the primary school.
Abstract
«Encyclomedia» is a teaching strategy based on a system that integrates media and resources for learning in the classroom with the support of a computer, an electronic blackboard, [...]
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Towards a knowledge management: production of cultural and educational contents
C. Novelli Osorio, C. Pincolini

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 24

Abstract
The authors maintan and develop some basic principles of the knowledge management model from a conceptual approach to educational technologies, their relationship with education, the past and present pedagogical frames and the diverse moments of this relationship, at the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. They present three projects –interactive and with integrating supports- about the entire knowledge management for the production of formal and non-formal educational contents, teaching alternatives and their transference, and the strategies of educational and socio-cultural entailments with other government institutions, NGOs and within the university itself.
Abstract
The authors maintan and develop some basic principles of the knowledge management model from a conceptual approach to educational technologies, their relationship with education, [...]
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Media and further education: imagery and representations
L. Vaz Peres

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 23

Abstract
This paper presents the preliminary analysis of a research carried out with seventeen teachers who live in the interior of the southern area of Rio Grande do Sul, and are undergoing in-service training. It is a research on the media effects upon their training process. The theoretical sources that support the analysis come from the anthropology of the imagery which brings to the light the personal drama of living; the close relationships between society, culture and reality.
Abstract
This paper presents the preliminary analysis of a research carried out with seventeen teachers who live in the interior of the southern area of Rio Grande do Sul, and are [...]
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Political values in History text books for primary school en Mexico
G. Ortiz Henderson

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 22

Abstract
History text books officially used in Mexican schools have been and still are supporters of political values since their creation in the sixties. History text books in 1960 promoted nationalims as the main value, product of the need of national union of those postrevolutionary times; History text books in 1972 taught diversity and communication as central values, also due to the political and social context. What are the dominant values that the Mexican goverment tries to teach children in present History text books which have been created in the so-called «modernization»?
Abstract
History text books officially used in Mexican schools have been and still are supporters of political values since their creation in the sixties. History text books in 1960 [...]
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Communicative interaction with computer technology
D. Kiss de Alejandro, E. Castro Ríos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 21

Abstract
New technologies in education have changed the ways people know and think, the mechanisms of apprehension of the reality. In communication terms, the «receptive» use is added to the «interactional» use. This paper analyses the degrees or levels of interaction with computer technology resources settled down by students for a teaching degree from the University of Los Lagos. This is the real impact of the incorporation of the computer technology language and its appropiation in curricular and «extracurricular» contexts, motivated by students and teachers acess to computer technology.
Abstract
New technologies in education have changed the ways people know and think, the mechanisms of apprehension of the reality. In communication terms, the «receptive» use is [...]
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What´s the young person of the 21th century like?
T. Esperon Porto

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 20

Abstract
Getting to know the young person of the 21th century better in his relationship with the media will allow us to understand his daily life in different ways and the meanings he gives to situations, places and events. And therefore we´ll be able to create spaces for learning, dialogue and communication with individuals at schools. The authors present data from research carried out with primaty and secondary students which makes us think about teenagers, their interests and interactions in the society. An active observation and group activities with media were carried out to collect these data and help them to communicate and improve their motivation and reflection. They think that the knowledge of teenagers´ interests and challenges help teachers and researchers to create new teaching tools.
Abstract
Getting to know the young person of the 21th century better in his relationship with the media will allow us to understand his daily life in different ways and the meanings [...]
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Childhood image: iconographyc aspects
M. Ramírez Alvarado

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 19

Abstract
This paper analyses the evolution of childhood image throughout History from the most ancient times, when realistic representation of specific infant features is practically non existent in –or irrelevant to- many cultures. Children´s image, with all its specific characteristics according to each historical period, turns into a major theme in a whole body of religious and secular iconography which grants them a leading role.
Abstract
This paper analyses the evolution of childhood image throughout History from the most ancient times, when realistic representation of specific infant features is practically [...]
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Fictional video and scientific education: a paradoxical relationship
A. Jaramillo Hoyos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 18

Abstract
This paper exposes the author´s reflection on his research in the project «Uses of fictional video for scientific education». The text deals with some key questions about the definition and comprehension of the ways that the production and uses of fictional video series can have in educational processes.
Abstract
This paper exposes the author´s reflection on his research in the project «Uses of fictional video for scientific education». The text deals with some key questions about [...]
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From film education to education for communication in Cuba
P. Ramos Rivero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 17

Abstract
This paper outlines the evolution of education for the communication in Cuba since 1959. Film education, which once had a protectionist approach influenced by the critical theory of the School of Frankfurt, is now promoting the participation of children and teenagers as agents of communicative processes.
Abstract
This paper outlines the evolution of education for the communication in Cuba since 1959. Film education, which once had a protectionist approach influenced by the critical [...]
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Spectators, the XXI student
V. Funes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 16

Abstract
Nowadays, teachers often face apathethic and demotivated pupils. Nevertheless, these students do not show either apathy or demotivation when they stop being students and become spectators: of television, of cinema, of new technologies, of PC displays. If in the 19th century we had citizens and in the 20th century we had speakers, in 21th century we have the figure of the spectator, whose main social experience is the multiplicity of connections with the flow of information. If school was created to learn reading and writing, what do we have to learn watching? It seems that the media youngsters should teach us the way to.
Abstract
Nowadays, teachers often face apathethic and demotivated pupils. Nevertheless, these students do not show either apathy or demotivation when they stop being students and become [...]
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Cross-curricular subjects: a classroom experience in edu-communication
M. Orsini Puente

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 15

Abstract
This paper relates an experience of the project «Education and communication» concerning values teaching from a cross-curricular perspective, as proposed by the Bolivian Educational Reform. Cross-curricular values in the curriculum arise from local, national and international needs. The second part names several basic points for working cross-curricular topics in each subject, the development of attitudes reflecting the chosen values and extracurricular activities. Finally, it relates the experience and offers some worksheets.
Abstract
This paper relates an experience of the project «Education and communication» concerning values teaching from a cross-curricular perspective, as proposed by the Bolivian [...]
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Learning to watch TV: the experience of teaching a media through another media
M. Alvarado Miquilena

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 14

Abstract
This paper makes a brief description of a distance learning experience. It has been promoted by some research of the Institute of Communication (ININCO) based on the project named «Media, Education and Communication». The purpose of the virtual lesson «Learning to watch TV» is to train primary school teachers from an educommunicative perspective. It is part of the curriculum of education for the creative use of television.
Abstract
This paper makes a brief description of a distance learning experience. It has been promoted by some research of the Institute of Communication (ININCO) based on the project [...]
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Érase una vez…
E. Martínez-Salanova Sánchez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 13
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Digital divide and digital inclusion in Chile: the challenges of a new literacy
F. Fernández Medina

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 12

Abstract
Digital divide in Chile is not as large as it seems. Last figures obtained from a research made in aproximately twenty countries shows that at least 65% of the Chilean people are users of the Internet and have access to this technology. Therefore, digital literacy should focus on activities which would help to surpass the lack of access either by own decision or lack of skills. The following paper shows the situation of the digital divide in Chile and the activities developed in order to surpass it in both private and public areas.
Abstract
Digital divide in Chile is not as large as it seems. Last figures obtained from a research made in aproximately twenty countries shows that at least 65% of the Chilean people [...]
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How children and adolescents learn to be reporters in Chile
A. Rayén Condeza Dall’Orso

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 11

Abstract
Since 2002 the Media Studies Institute at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile is working with extremely poor children and adolescents in a public boarding school set in a rural area, with the purpose of teaching them how to be reporters. The method was designed to make students work in the process of media production, including experiences of their own reality and youth interests. Learning to be reporters teach children to use media as a pretext to develop better skills in thinking, teaching them to take decisions in the production process of creating messages.
Abstract
Since 2002 the Media Studies Institute at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile is working with extremely poor children and adolescents in a public boarding school set [...]
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TV and family: a crossroad fo changeable fields
M. Pinto

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 10

Abstract
Television is a family issue. Concerning the relationship between family and media we should consider at least three aspects: the family on the TV, TV in the family and finally, the family making TV. The viewers are not only seduced customers, but citizens who are conscious of their position in the world and called to participate in the collective life.
Abstract
Television is a family issue. Concerning the relationship between family and media we should consider at least three aspects: the family on the TV, TV in the family and finally, [...]
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Need for media education policies
J. Arévalo Zamudio

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 9

Abstract
The common point of the state policies has been the almost total absence of training components and updating on media education. In Mexico, with the exception of design and communication areas, none of the professional careers teaches the media languages, not even to future teachers, who should have a serious training in this subject. Although many interesting experiences have taken place, a global vision that integrates time, efforts and resources has not existed.
Abstract
The common point of the state policies has been the almost total absence of training components and updating on media education. In Mexico, with the exception of design and [...]
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FoundMedia: high quality further programmes on media education
M. de Fontcuberta Balaguer

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 8

Abstract
A survey carried out by CEPAL shows that the percentage of high qualified people in the developed countries, those who finished university and technical studies, almost doubles the percentage in Latin America. Further programmes make sense because they contribute to the creation of a human capital of high quality. The International FoundMedia Association is promoting the creation of an international association of high quality further programmes on media education, a platform for cooperation between universities that teach and develop qualified researches on that field.
Abstract
A survey carried out by CEPAL shows that the percentage of high qualified people in the developed countries, those who finished university and technical studies, almost doubles [...]
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Mentor: International Association for Media Education
M. de Fontcuberta Balaguer

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 7

Abstract
The Mentor International Association for Media Education was founded in Barcelona at the end of May 2004 during the media education workshop organized by Unesco and the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona in collaboration with the European Comission and the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Its objective is to connect media education professionals from diverse official and institutional structures in order to develop and coordinate international activities in the area of media education. It is and independent association with support of Unesco.
Abstract
The Mentor International Association for Media Education was founded in Barcelona at the end of May 2004 during the media education workshop organized by Unesco and the Universidad [...]
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Media education in Iberoamerica: the vision of the experts
M. Galvez Johnson

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 6

Abstract
In the Iberoamerican context the need for the mass media integration in formal education and teacher training is increasing. This paper presents and analyzes the main results of the diagnosis stage of the research «Towards an iberoamerican curriculum of media education». The research purpose is to generate a framework for the situation of media education in some countries based on twenty six experts´ opinions.
Abstract
In the Iberoamerican context the need for the mass media integration in formal education and teacher training is increasing. This paper presents and analyzes the main results [...]
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Edu-communication strategies in the audiovisual society
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 5

Abstract
In spite of the massive presence of the mass media, the individuals of the developed societies are more and more isolated due to the overcharge of information. To avoid it, it would be necessary to integrate the mass media in the education. Neverthless, the school is not assuming the challenge of changing and is stopping being an affective model of socialization and of transmission of values. Because of this, the education is under the obligation to use the mass media as powerful didactic resources to develop the educational and communication competences that allow the citizens to approach the «visual thought age».
Abstract
In spite of the massive presence of the mass media, the individuals of the developed societies are more and more isolated due to the overcharge of information. To avoid it, [...]
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Towards a new concept of media education
J. Pérez Tornero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 4

Abstract
Many changes are in progress in the field of media education in Latin American context. These changes have made possible that we can find new actors, new languages and new strategies. This situation implies the need to think about new issues and to renovate the basis of the theory and practice in this field.
Abstract
Many changes are in progress in the field of media education in Latin American context. These changes have made possible that we can find new actors, new languages and new [...]
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Report of media education in the school curriculum in Latin America
P. Castillo Cárdenas, L. Gastaldi

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 3

Abstract
The need for reflection on the incorporation of a media education curriculum has brought about a concern about that has arisen in the new contexts of the information society. The international discussions on this issue demonstrate the obvious need for this kind of curriculum. In this paper, a framework is presented in the context of the discussion about introducing a media education curriculum for formal education in Latin America and the Iberian peninsula, taking into account the socio-cultural diversities involved in this specific context.
Abstract
The need for reflection on the incorporation of a media education curriculum has brought about a concern about that has arisen in the new contexts of the information society. [...]
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Presentación de temas: Comunicación, música y tecnologías
M. de Fontcuberta Balaguer

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 2
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Prolegómenos
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (1), 1
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Reviews Caplletra 38
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 1

Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 38 (Spring, 2005) Ferran Carbó, ressenya de Joan Mas i Vives, Domini fosc (Assaigs sobre poesia), Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Biblioteca Miquel dels Sants Oliver», 20), 2003, 228 pp.Josep Lacreu, ressenya de Maria do Carmo Henríquez Salido, El vocabulario jurídico en el «Diccionário da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa» y en el «Diccionario de la Real Academia Española», Lisboa, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, 2002, 386 pp.Josep Lluís Martos, ressenya de Jordi de Sant Jordi, Poesies, ed. d'Aniello Fratta, Barcelona, Editorial Barcino («Els Nostres Clàssics», B26), 2005.Pere Rosselló Bover, ressenya de Vicent Simbor, El realisme compromès en la narrativa catalana de postguerra, València/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2005.
Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 38 (Spring, 2005) Ferran Carbó, ressenya de Joan Mas i Vives, Domini fosc (Assaigs sobre poesia), Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Biblioteca [...]
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Reviews Caplletra 39
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 15

Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 39 (Autumn, 2005) Carme Gregori, Francesco Ardolino, La solitud de la paraula. Estudi sobre l'obra narrativa de Jordi Sarsanedas, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2004, 361 pp.Miquel Visa, ressenya sobre Vicent Santamaria de Mingo, El pensament de Salvador Dalí en el llindar dels anys trenta, Castelló de la Plana, Universitat Jaume I («Col·lecció Estudis Filològics», 20), 2005, 315 pp.Grabriel Sansano, ressenya de François Suréda, Le Théâtre dans la Société Valencienne du XVIIIe siècle, Perpinyà, Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, 2004, 631 pp.Neus Real, ressenya de Vicent Simbor Roig, La narrativa catalana del segle XX, Alzira, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Edicions Bromera («Biblioteca Essencial», 6), 2005, 125 pp.
Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 39 (Autumn, 2005) Carme Gregori, Francesco Ardolino, La solitud de la paraula. Estudi sobre l'obra narrativa de Jordi Sarsanedas, Barcelona, Publicacions [...]
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Valors adverbials associats a la conjunció «que»: un estudi històric
M. Batllori, A. Suñer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 8

Abstract
In this article we will discuss the causal and final adverbial values connected to the conjunction «que» in Catalan and in other Romanic languages. In the first part, we analyse the evolution of the complex conjunctions system in Classical Latin and the posterior oral usages which originated the preliterary Romanic languages. In the second, we study the causal and final subordinate propositions introduced by the nexus «que». As we will try to show, in Medieval Time the nexus que, as it happens today, was used to introduce both argumentative adjuncts, integrated in the predicate, and propositional adjuncts, more external and with a discursive function. Since the 13th century, the progressive substitution of que through other conjunctions will affect causal subordinate and final circumstantial propositions, but otherwise que will maintain its function to introduce discursive causality and finality, specially in oral language.
Abstract
In this article we will discuss the causal and final adverbial values connected to the conjunction «que» in Catalan and in other Romanic languages. In the first part, we [...]
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Connectors i processos de gramaticalització
M. Cuenca Ordinyana, À. Massip

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 4

Abstract
In this article, we analyse the characteristics of the grammaticalization process that originates connectors, taking as analysis corpus the book «Costums de Tortosa». We have identified the temporal forms that became interordinate connectors (causal, consecutive, concessive, conditional and adversative), and have outlined the characteristics of the semantic change and of the sintactical reanalysis which can be observed in this process. As an example of this general process, we have analysed the semantic change in the case «encara» / «encara que» and the sintactical reanalysis in the semifixed structure «jasia ço que».
Abstract
In this article, we analyse the characteristics of the grammaticalization process that originates connectors, taking as analysis corpus the book «Costums de Tortosa». We [...]
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Estudi microsintàctic del verb «caldre» en el català antic i en l'actual
G. Rigau

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 13

Abstract
The article offers a microsyntactic study about the clitics position in the sentences with impersonal existential verbs belonging to the class of caldre ‘to be necessary’. We contrast the behavior of this deontic verb in Old Catalan and in two present dialects: Ribagorçan Catalan and Central Catalan. It is shown that Ribagorçan dialect is parallel to Old Catalan: clitics related to the infinitive subordinated verb appear adjoined to caldre, in the main clause. This is the case of the clitic u (= «ho») in Old Catalan example «No u cal dir ara» (Roig, Spill, 7048) and its Ribagorçan equivalent: «No ho cal dir ara». However, in Central Catalan, there is not clitic climbing. Clitic objects of the infinitive verb have to remain in the subordinate clause: No cal dir-ho. This type of microcomparative analysis reveal itself as a proper way to establish a solid base for future studies on comparative syntax.
Abstract
The article offers a microsyntactic study about the clitics position in the sentences with impersonal existential verbs belonging to the class of caldre ‘to be necessary’. [...]
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La selecció de l'auxiliar en els verbs intransitius del català antic: alguns aspectes descriptius i explicatius
J. Mateu Fontanals

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 10

Abstract
In this article it is shown that, taking into account the main ideas of Sorace’s (2000, 2004) descriptive works on auxilary selection, you can explain in a natural way some of Batlle’s (2002) main contributions in connection to Old Catalan. Therefore, for instance, it is expectable that stative and action verbs are the first kind of verbs to admit the substitution of the auxiliary ésser through haver, because these verbs are located in an intermediate position in the so-called Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy. It is also shown that the limits between the lexical semantic classes involved in auxiliary selection are established in a gradual way. Finally, we outline that some of the basic problems descriptive perspectives have in connection to auxiliary selection can be solved by explaining and justifying which are the semantic correlational features that can be codified in the syntax of the argumentative structure in a transparent way (Mateu 2002).
Abstract
In this article it is shown that, taking into account the main ideas of Sorace’s (2000, 2004) descriptive works on auxilary selection, you can explain in a natural way some [...]
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Els auxiliars dels temps compostos en català medieval
J. Ramos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 6

Abstract
The study of auxiliary verbs in compound tenses («haver» vs. «Ésser») in Old Catalan is a topic discussed in many works. But no research deeply analysing literary works of the time and using an accurate methodology is available. Our purpose is to show that so significant medieval literary works such as «Llibre de Meravelles» by Ramon Llull, «Llibre dels Fets» by King James I & «Tirant lo Blanch», can also provide very valuable information to understand the phenomenon of change of auxiliary. Referring to usage frequencies, we show that chronology plays a great role in these alternations and outline a whole series of factors that explain the observed evolutive tendencies.
Abstract
The study of auxiliary verbs in compound tenses («haver» vs. «Ésser») in Old Catalan is a topic discussed in many works. But no research deeply analysing literary works [...]
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Sintaxi dels clítics pronominals en català medieval
M. Batllori, N. Iglésias, A. Martins

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 2

Abstract
In this article a classical topic of the studies on historical syntax is analysed: the enclitical or proclitical collocation of atonic pronouns in Catalan. From a Romanic and comparative prespective, it is shown that the clitical pronouns in Old Catalan have a very similar behaviour to the atonic ones in other Romanic lenguages such as, for instance, medieval Spanish or Portuguese, on one hand, and French, on the other. Specifically, we analyse phenomena such as: (i) pronoun collocation in connection to the verb in main and subordinate propositions, in propositions where the verb is the main constituent, in negative propositions, (ii) duplication of clitics or (iii) clitic raising.
Abstract
In this article a classical topic of the studies on historical syntax is analysed: the enclitical or proclitical collocation of atonic pronouns in Catalan. From a Romanic [...]
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Construcciones con avance estilístico en el catalán antiguo
S. Fischer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 12

Abstract
Stylistic Fronting is a phenomenon that has been intensively studied with respect to the symmetric Germanic Verb Second languages: Old/Modern Icelandic, Old/Modern Faeroese but also Middle English and Modern Yiddish. Standardly Stylistic Fronting is seen as an operation that moves an element in front of the finite verb in order to rescue the verb second constraint, in sentences that contain a subject gap. With the claim that the Old Romance languages are symmetric verb second languages, it soon followed that inverted elements in embedded contexts were analysed analogously to the Germanic inverted elements, i.e. as displaying Stylistic Fronting (Cardinaletti & Roberts 1991, Fontana 1993). In this paper I will present examples that show an nearly identical case of inversion in Old Catalan; nearly identical, because in Old Catalan there are examples with stylistically fronted elements that don’t obey one of the formulated constraints of Stylistic Fronting: they appear next to a full subject. Furthermore, we find an interesting interplay between Stylistic Fronting and enclitic pronouns: not only that they disappear exactly at the same time in the history of Catalan, they also exclude each other during the time they were possible in Old Catalan. In this paper I hope to show that contrary to recent opinions Stylistic Fronting in Old Romance does have an effect on the information structure of the sentence comparable to the effect that topicalisation has on the information structural interpretation.
Abstract
Stylistic Fronting is a phenomenon that has been intensively studied with respect to the symmetric Germanic Verb Second languages: Old/Modern Icelandic, Old/Modern Faeroese [...]
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La quantificació: estudi comparatiu castellà-català
B. Camus Bergareche

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 9

Abstract
Taking as a point of departure the classification of modern Spanish quantifiers, the paper opens with a brief description of the inventory of these items in medieval language and the basic traits of their syntactic evolution. The same discussion is made for equivalents words in modern and medieval Catalan in order to establish a picture of the significant evolutionary differences between both languages. Finally, for the sake of a future historical syntax of Catalan, we offer a little catalogue of research proposals on this area of Catalan quantifiers.
Abstract
Taking as a point of departure the classification of modern Spanish quantifiers, the paper opens with a brief description of the inventory of these items in medieval language [...]
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«Sintaxi històrica». Introducció al monogràfic
J. Martines, M. Pérez Saldanya

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 5
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«Panorama amb dona» i la guerra civil en la novel·lística de Miquel Àngel Riera
P. Rosselló Bover

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 14

Abstract
The article focuses upon the analysis of the treatment of the topic of the Civil War in the novel «Panorama amb dona» (1983) by Miquel Àngel Riera. The search of the culprit of the death of the protagonist’s husband becomes the reason that allows the discovery of the implication of diverse sectors of the people in the facist repression, from the popular classes to the aristocracy and even the Church, and to portray the mechanisms on which the exercise of the power is based.
Abstract
The article focuses upon the analysis of the treatment of the topic of the Civil War in the novel «Panorama amb dona» (1983) by Miquel Àngel Riera. The search of the culprit [...]
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Gramaticalització i funció discursiva dels verbs de percepció
M. Marín Jordà

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 11

Abstract
This paper deals with Catalan perception verbs reanalyzed as discourse markers. The study focuses on the forms «aviam, a veure» (derived from veure ‘to see’), «miri» (from mirar ‘to look’), and «escolti» (from escoltar ‘to listen’), in a corpus of electoral debate. The research shows the interrelation between semantic and morphosyntactic features, on the one hand, and between these formal aspects and the pragmatic functions of the markers, on the other hand. The analysis highlights that perception verbs as discourse markers indicate power and politeness relationships among the participants in political debates, and this use is closely related to their origin as (active/passive, visual/auditory) verbs of perception and the different degree of grammaticalization that they exhibit as discourse markers.
Abstract
This paper deals with Catalan perception verbs reanalyzed as discourse markers. The study focuses on the forms «aviam, a veure» (derived from veure ‘to see’), «miri» [...]
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Juli Francesc Guibernau: un escriptor popular de l'època de la restauració
E. Cassany

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 7

Abstract
The present article speaks about Juli Francesc Guibernau, a festive author who obtained a great popularity under the pseudonym of C. Gumà during the decades of 1880 and 1890. The articles published in «La Campana de Gràcia» and «L’Esquella de la Torratxa», the comedy sketches and, particularly, the festive poetry notebooks given to the public by «Llibreria Espanyola», which belonged to López publishers, conform the image of a popular writer at the close of the nineteenth century. They also attest the transformations of the popular culture and the social and moral changes of the society in Barcelona and Catalonia at the time of the Restoration. The article locates Guibernau in the popular trend that goes from Pitarra to Rusiñol, and uses it as a pretext to comment on the problematic relation between popular and highbrow literature in the industrial society, together with the denial or the demands of the popular inheritance made by later generations in the eighteenth century.
Abstract
The present article speaks about Juli Francesc Guibernau, a festive author who obtained a great popularity under the pseudonym of C. Gumà during the decades of 1880 and 1890. [...]
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La missió en la vida. Notes sobre «Camins de França» de Joan Puig i Ferreter
E. Balaguer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (1), 3

Abstract
This article approaches the task of analyzing the autobiographical activity of Joan Puig i Ferrater. Particular attention is paid to «Camins de França», one of the most outstanding autobiographies of the twentieth century literature. The literary production of Puig i Ferreter turns around a series of basic characteristics: life like an initiation journey, life like a search of the affirmation of his own personality, and the sense of sensuality. All in all, the author conceives his office of artist as an adventure in search of his own essence.
Abstract
This article approaches the task of analyzing the autobiographical activity of Joan Puig i Ferrater. Particular attention is paid to «Camins de França», one of the most outstanding [...]
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«Con li suoi vestimenti asciugare il morto viso della salata acqua, e bagnarlo di molte lagrime»: la «Fiammetta» en el «Leànder y Hero» de Roís de Corella
J. Martos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 23

Abstract
The «Elegia di madonna Fiammetta» has an evident impact of the story of Leandre and Hero, especially in the moments in which the lady suffers while waiting for her lover, who never comes. Fiammetta makes obvious this parallelism on several occasions, and manages to invent an end for the story loaded of pathos. Joan Roís de Corella realises about this relationship between both two works and makes the inverse path: he uses the tone and some narrative elements of the Elegia for writing his Leander and Hero. It is demonstrated that the so contreversial end of Corella’s story is not original of the Valencian, but it also depends on Boccaccio’s text.
Abstract
The «Elegia di madonna Fiammetta» has an evident impact of the story of Leandre and Hero, especially in the moments in which the lady suffers while waiting for her lover, [...]
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Les glosses de Guillem Nicolau a la seva traducció de les «Heroides» d'Ovidi (1390): una proposta d'identificació
J. Pujol

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 20

Abstract
According to a letter written in 1390, Guillem Nicolau attached a full commentary to his Catalan translation of Ovid’s Heroides. Although these glosses have not survived in any of the extant manuscripts of this translation, they have been preserved in a fifteenth-century manuscript containing an anonymous Castilian version of the Catalan text. In this article, the linguistic- and literary-based identification of these Castilian glosses with those written by Nicolau leads to a further examination of the relationship of the Catalan Heroides to the Latin commentary tradition. Evidence is given of Nicolau having used a Latin manuscript containing accessus and glosses from William of Orléans Bursarii Ovidianorum, as well as many other grammatical and contextual anonymous glosses, to which he is heavily indebted.
Abstract
According to a letter written in 1390, Guillem Nicolau attached a full commentary to his Catalan translation of Ovid’s Heroides. Although these glosses have not survived in [...]
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«Axí com...» Le comparazioni nella lirica di Jordi de Sant Jordi
O. Scarpati

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 17

Abstract
Jordi de Sant Jordi uses more than thirty comparisons in his lyric poetry. These may be classified on the basis of their typology and semantic functions: true comparisons (where two elements are compared by means of a connector, the first being defined as ‘real’ and corresponding to the situation of the lyric persona, the second, figurative, presenting in metaphorical terms the same characteristics as the first element); comparisons between the ‘real’ situation and that of an unspecified human being, to which reference is made by means of the demonstrative ‘the one’ («axí com cell...»); hyperbolic comparisons, where the ‘real’ element is given hyperbolically as having to the same or to a greater extent a quality for which the second element is the example par excellence (‘stronger than Hercules’). Finally, we have identified a particular figure —which we have called an ‘abbreviated priamel’— whereby two situations are given between which the lyric persona must choose, stating that it prefers one and not the other.
Abstract
Jordi de Sant Jordi uses more than thirty comparisons in his lyric poetry. These may be classified on the basis of their typology and semantic functions: true comparisons [...]
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«Mala domna» i «Dona de mal»: el rebuig de l'estimada infidel per part dels trobadors i dels poetes catalans de l'edat mitjana
I. de Riquer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 25

Abstract
The Occitan «mala cansó» of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the Catalan «maldit» of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries both display a singular aspect of medieval literary misogyny. In both cases criticism is not levelled against women in general, but against a particular lady who has been previously loved by the poet and is now rejected. The poet blames her directly and harshly because, after leaving him, she has given herself to a man from an inferior social background. As a result, the poet bids farewell to her and moves away. Some of the Catalan poets of the Middle Ages persisted in this literary outlet. They borrowed for their own «maldits» the motifs and expressions that were characteristic of the break-up and the violent farewell, and adapted them to their own language and to the bourgeois environment of the towns.
Abstract
The Occitan «mala cansó» of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the Catalan «maldit» of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries both display a singular aspect of [...]
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«Literatura catalana medieval i literatura romànica». Introducció al monogràfic
R. Alemany

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 22
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Del present imperfecte i dels futurs de probabilitat, o entorn de la filologia, la lingüística, l'anàlisi crítica del discurs i les ciències de la comunicació
L. Payrató

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 19

Abstract
What is the aim today of talking about philology, either in absolute terms or related to other concepts such as linguistics or language sciences? On the one hand, it seems unfair to resort to metaphors that pair (traditional) philology and (textual) necrophilia. On the other hand, turning our back on the reality is not the appropriate response to current problems: a more applied training (in the professional field) is needed, and (in the scientific context) the frontiers should be pushed back, because the old ones are obsolete and in need of reappraisal. Faced with a past and a present that are inevitably imperfect, this article is a reflection on the chances of a future in which philology (in the classical sense) is accompanied by language and communication sciences. The reason for this situation and for this specific proposal is not simply to follow the fashion or to embrace modernity, as the winner of the debate with antiquity: the aim is to try to provide a fuller professional training (a less erudite one) and a more interdisciplinary, less localist area of study. The context of the article is provided by comment on a brief series of sociopolitical and cultural events in our setting, all of them previous to the elections to the Parliament of Catalonia in November 2006. Any analysis of events of this kind, even the most superficial, shows that philologists or linguists should not undervalue a critical competence which, in its turn, should be transmitted to students as one of the skills involved in the processes of teaching, learning and knowledge transfer. Instead of limiting itself to the fields of grammar and history of literature, an imaginative (not imaginary) philology need to be open to criticism and communication. If the natural epistemological context of philology (of any philology) is also that of communication, we should not object to the efforts to strengthen the lines of convergence rather than divergence and contrast. Can a philology without communication produce anything but unemployable professionals? A clever (indirect) answer: although we may only be a fully-fledged nation in the preamble (not in the text) we should try hard to rescue our philology from the twilight zone.
Abstract
What is the aim today of talking about philology, either in absolute terms or related to other concepts such as linguistics or language sciences? On the one hand, it seems [...]
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Aspecte i prefixació verbal en català antic
A. Bartra, J. Mateu

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 16

Abstract
The paper examines aspectual and selectional properties of Old Catalan prefixed verbs in comparison with their non prefixed counterparts. We ground our analysis on Talmy’s (1985, 2000) notion of verb framed and satellite framed languages and on Mateu (2002, 2003) and Mateu & Rigau (2002) theory of lexical structure, and we argue that telicity and other aspectual properties associated with prefixed verbs are by effects derived from the semantic value of the prefix together with the lexical structure they give rise to. Taking as a case in point the a- prefix of verbs such as «acórrer», we analyse the prefix as a path which relates a figure (the grammatical subject) to a ground (the argument introduced by a preposition) and which incorporates onto an abstract GO predicate conflating with the basic unergative predicate.
Abstract
The paper examines aspectual and selectional properties of Old Catalan prefixed verbs in comparison with their non prefixed counterparts. We ground our analysis on Talmy’s [...]
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Entre la dixi i la definitud: els verbs de moviment resultatiu en català
S. Montserrat i Buendia

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 24

Abstract
This article intends to present a brief study on the semasiologic extension of the Catalan verb «venir» —«to come»— in the old and mediaeval language, in contrast to the verb «anar» —to go. It is maintained here that the verb to come in the old language had a more extense meaning than in the current language, fundamentally in relation to the contexts of movement towards a place not occupied by any of the interlocutors of the speech. To elaborate this analysis we start from a corpus of thirty-five texts, which includes four centuries, from the first-known texts written in Catalan (at the end of the twelfth century, beginning of the eleventh century) to the sixteenth century.
Abstract
This article intends to present a brief study on the semasiologic extension of the Catalan verb «venir» —«to come»— in the old and mediaeval language, in contrast [...]
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La ciència en la poesia catalana del segle XIX
X. Vall

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 21

Abstract
The article offers a panoramic review of the relationship that Catalan poetry had with diverse sciences and technology, in the period which goes from the beginnings of Romanticism (although it still presents some illustrated reminiscences) to Realism and Naturalism. The theoretical debate is considered, as long as diverse attitudes of the writer towards science (that oscillate from mythification to the most retrograde tirades, passing through critical scientism) are pointed out. It also shows the numerous possibilities generated by the incorporation of scientific and technological elements, which so much affect stylistic and ideological aspects. The paper is based on an ample sample, which is focused on diverse authors and some motives are followed too. This sample, besides the interest that it has in itself, can also help to place in context Joaquim M. Bartrina’s poetic work, in which the relationship between Literature and Science especially bears fruit. Although the use of scientific and technological elements is neither a guarantee of modernity, progress nor of good literary results, it renews a poetry which used to be highly stereotyped, even moved away of the reality sometimes, in addition to establishing bridges between sciences and the humanities.
Abstract
The article offers a panoramic review of the relationship that Catalan poetry had with diverse sciences and technology, in the period which goes from the beginnings of Romanticism [...]
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Literaruta caballeresca catalana: de los testimonios a la interpretación (un ensayo de crítica ecdótica)
J. Lucía Megías

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2005). Vol. 20, (2), 18

Abstract
The Catalan chivalresque literature has been preserved in very few testimonies, most of them just excerpts. The same situation happens with other texts written or spread in other romance languages. This work affords a revision of the well-known data of this Hispanic chivalresque tradition from the perspective of the «ecdotic critic». This tool observes the texts not just as closed linguistic and significant objects but also from the material nature of their transmission ways, the data that can be extracted from the preserved codex or pages, as well as from some of their codicological characteristics that allow specifying, in some cases, their textual nature.
Abstract
The Catalan chivalresque literature has been preserved in very few testimonies, most of them just excerpts. The same situation happens with other texts written or spread in [...]
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A continuum mechanics model for mechanical fatigue analysis
S. Oller, O. Salomon, E. Oñate

Computational Materials Science (2005). Vol. 32 (2), pp. 175-195

Abstract
In this paper, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model for the predictions of fatigue in structures using the finite element method is formulated. The model is based on the damage mechanics of the continuous medium and allows the treatment in a unified way of coupled phenomena such as fatigue with damage, plasticity, viscosity and temperature effects. Basically it is gotten sensitive models to cyclic loads starting from classical non-linear constitutive formulations incorporating the special variable influenced by the characteristics of the cyclic load. A formulation based on the theories of damage and plasticity is developed. The necessary modifications of these theories are outlined in order to include the fatigue phenomena. A brief description of the finite element implementation is given. Finally, results of the performance of the proposed model are shown through the simple fatigue test and the fatigue analysis of an aluminium engine alternator support.
Abstract
In this paper, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model for the predictions of fatigue in structures using the finite element method is formulated. The model is based on the [...]
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Reliability estimation of the sheet stamping process using support vector machines
J. Hurtado, F. Zarate, E. Oñate

Int. J. of Vehicle Design (2005). Vol. 39 (1-2), pp. 110–124

Abstract
An important concern in sheet stamping is the risk of obtaining brittle final products that can be affected by fracture. Monte Carlo simulations presented herein show that this is governed by two main factors, namely static and dynamic friction coefficients. Whereas the latter correlates in a non-linear manner with minimum and maximum end thickness, the relationship of these design parameters to the former exhibits a bifurcation that is typical of highly non-linear phenomena, in which there is a sensitivity to small perturbations of the input values (chaos). In order to estimate the reliability of the process (i.e., the probability of obtaining brittle products due to low minimum and maximum thicknesses) with a reduced number of Monte Carlo runs, it is proposed to assimilate the problem to a pattern recognition task, due to the existence of two classes, namely robust and brittle. Among many pattern recognition algorithms that are useful to this end, use is made of support vector machines, as this incorporates the powerful tool of class margins that allow a drastic reduction of the number of simulations.
Abstract
An important concern in sheet stamping is the risk of obtaining brittle final products that can be affected by fracture. Monte Carlo simulations presented herein show that [...]
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Particle finite element method in fluid-mechanics including thermal convection-diffusion
R. Aubry, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate

Computers and Structures (2005). Vol. 83 (17-18), pp. 1459-1475

Abstract
A method is presented for the solution of an incompressible viscous fluid flow with heat transfer using a fully Lagrangian description of the motion. Due to the severe element distortion, a frequent remeshing is performed in an efficient manner. An implicit time integration through a classical fractional step is presented. The non-linearities of the formulation are taken into account and solved with the fixed-point iteration method. The displacement and temperature solutions are coupled through the Boussinesq approximation. The Lagrangian formulation provides an elegant way of solving free-surface problems with thermal convection as the particles are followed during their motion. To illustrate the method, the Rayleigh–Bénard instability with and without free surface in two dimensions has been computed.
Abstract
A method is presented for the solution of an incompressible viscous fluid flow with heat transfer using a fully Lagrangian description of the motion. Due [...]
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Simple modifications for stabilization of the finite point method
B. Boroomand, A. Tabatabaei, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2005). Vol. 63 (3), pp. 351-379

Abstract
A stabilized version of the finite point method (FPM) is presented. A source of instability due to the evaluation of the base function using a least square procedure is discussed. A suitable mapping is proposed and employed to eliminate the ill‐conditioning effect due to directional arrangement of the points. A step by step algorithm is given for finding the local rotated axes and the dimensions of the cloud using local average spacing and inertia moments of the points distribution. It is shown that the conventional version of FPM may lead to wrong results when the proposed mapping algorithm is not used. It is shown that another source for instability and non‐monotonic convergence rate in collocation methods lies in the treatment of Neumann boundary conditions. Unlike the conventional FPM, in this work the Neumann boundary conditions and the equilibrium equations appear simultaneously in a weight equation similar to that of weighted residual methods. The stabilization procedure may be considered as an interpretation of the finite calculus (FIC) method. The main difference between the two stabilization procedures lies in choosing the characteristic length in FIC and the weight of the boundary residual in the proposed method. The new approach also provides a unique definition for the sign of the stabilization terms. The reasons for using stabilization terms only at the boundaries is discussed and the two methods are compared. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and convergence of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract
A stabilized version of the finite point method (FPM) is presented. A source of instability due to the evaluation of the base function using a least square procedure is discussed. [...]
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Simulation of light‐weight membrane structures by wrinkling model
R. Rossi, M. Lazzari, R. Vitaliani, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2005). Vol. 62 (15), pp. 2127-2153

Abstract
The computational challenge in dealing with membrane systems is closely connected to the lack of bending stiffness that constitutes the main feature of this category of structures. This manifests numerically in badly conditioned or singular systems requiring the use of stabilized solution procedures, in our case of a ‘pseudo‐dynamic’ approach. The absence of the flexural stiffness makes the membrane very prone to local instabilities which manifest physically in the formation of little ‘waves’ in ‘compressed’ areas. Current work presents an efficient, sub‐iteration free ‘explicit’, penalty material based, wrinkling simulation procedure suitable for the solution of ‘static’ problems. The procedure is stabilized by taking full advantage of the pseudo‐dynamic solution strategy, which allows to retain the elemental quadratic convergence properties inside the single solution step. Results are validated by comparison with published results and by setting up ‘numerical experiments’ based on the solution of test cases using dense meshes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract
The computational challenge in dealing with membrane systems is closely connected to the lack of bending stiffness that constitutes the main feature of this category of structures. [...]
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Advances in the formulation of the rotation-free basic shell triangle
E. Oñate, F. Flores

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2005). Vol. 194 (21-24), pp. 2406-2443

Abstract
A family of rotation-free three node triangular shell elements is presented. The simplest element of the family is based on an assumed constant curvature field expressed in terms of the nodal deflections of a patch of four elements and a constant membrane field computed from the standard linear interpolation of the displacements within each triangle. An enhanced version of the element is obtained by using a quadratic interpolation of the geometry in terms of the six patch nodes. This allows to compute an assumed linear membrane strain field which improves the in-plane behaviour of the original element. A simple and economic version of the element using a single integration point is presented. The efficiency of the different rotation-free shell triangles is demonstrated in many examples of application including linear and non linear analysis of shells under static and dynamic loads, the inflation and de-inflation of membranes and a sheet stamping problem.
Abstract
A family of rotation-free three node triangular shell elements is presented. The simplest element of the family is based on an assumed constant curvature field expressed in [...]
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Improvements in the membrane behaviour of the three node rotation-free BST shell triangle using an assumed strain approach
F. Flores, E. Oñate

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2005). Vol. 194, pp. 907-932

Abstract
In this paper an assumed strain approach is presented in order to improve the membrane behaviour of a thin shell triangular element. The so called Basic Shell Triangle (BST) has three nodes with only translational degrees of freedom and is based on a Total Lagrangian Formulation. As in the original BST element the curvatures are computed resorting to the surrounding elements (patch of four elements). Membrane strains are now also computed from the same patch of elements which leads to a non-conforming membrane behaviour. Despite this non-conformity the element passes the patch test. Large strain plasticity is considered using a logarithmic strain-stress pair. A plane stress behaviour with an additive decomposition of elastic and plastic strains is assumed. A hyperplastic law is considered for the elastic part while for the plastic part an anisotropic quadratic (Hill) yield function with non-linear isotropic hardening is adopted. The element, termed CBST, has been implemented in an explicit (hydro-)code adequate to simulate sheet-stamping processes and in an implicit static/dynamic code. Several examples are given showing the good performance of the enhnaced rotation-free shell triangle.
Abstract
In this paper an assumed strain approach is presented in order to improve the membrane behaviour of a thin shell triangular element. The so called Basic Shell Triangle (BST) [...]
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Evaluación aproximada de la aceleración absoluta en sistemas de múltiples grados de libertad considerando la participación de n formas modales
J. Jaramillo

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
Se presenta una propuesta para la estimación de la aceleración absoluta máxima en los diferentes niveles de un sistema de múltiples grados de libertad en función de n de sus formas modales y del espectro de respuesta de aceleraciones, que tradicionalmente se propone en los reglamentos. La propuesta está basada en la combinación cuadrática completa, CQC, de las respuestas modales y la señal de excitación. El error promedio de la propuesta presentada cuando se compara con la solución exacta calculada usando series de tiempo es de aproximadamente 10% que contrasta con errores promedio del orden de 30% y mayores en otras tres propuestas presentadas en códigos de diseño sísmico actualmente vigentes.
Abstract
Se presenta una propuesta para la estimación de la aceleración absoluta máxima en los diferentes niveles de un sistema de múltiples grados de libertad en función de n [...]
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Gomas trituradas: Estado del arte, situación actual y posibles usos como materia prima en Puerto Rico
J. Boero, M. Valentín, O. Suárez, J. Santos, F. Acosta, A. Cáceres, M. Pando

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
La acumulación de neumáticos desechados es uno de los problemas ambientales que más importancia ha tomado en los últimos años. En países desarrollados la producción es mayor cada año y los métodos más usados para la disposición final, como la colocación en vertederos, ya no son permitidos. Esto genera la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas para darle una disposición apropiada a los neumáticos desechados. En Puerto Rico el problema debe ser atendido con prontitud, ya que se ha llegado a una producción de un neumático por habitante por año (1 neu/hab/año), similar a la producción de Estados Unidos. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión de la situación del reciclado de neumáticos con el fin de conocer los diferentes usos dados a la goma. El enfoque principal fue la goma triturada, la cual se ha convertido en materia prima para usos variados. Se estudiaron temas como el uso de goma triturada en sistemas de recolección de lixiviados y en absorción de contaminantes, como componente del concreto y como sustituto de agregados, el asfaltocaucho y el uso de la goma triturada en terraplenes. Además se analizó la situación actual de Puerto Rico frente a este problema.
Abstract
La acumulación de neumáticos desechados es uno de los problemas ambientales que más importancia ha tomado en los últimos años. En países desarrollados la producción [...]
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Análise de risco de incêndio em cidades históricas Brasileiras - a metodologia aplicada à cidade de ouro preto
S. Araujo, V. Souza, A. Gouvêia

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
O artigo aborda as questões de preservação e conservação de cidades históricas tombadas sob a ótica da proteção contra incêndio. A análise de Risco Global de Incêndio baseada no Método de Gretener, cuja adaptação para cidades históricas foi realizada por Antônio Maria Claret de Gouvêia, foi aplicada na primeira etapa do diagnóstico de Risco de Incêndio para a cidade de Ouro Preto, onde o levantamento concentrou-se na rua São José, com edificações em sua maioria de uso comercial. A segunda etapa, agora realizada, concentrou-se no bairro Antônio Dias, tipicamente residencial, completando-se assim o diagnóstico de Risco de Incêndio para a cidade de Ouro Preto, sendo composto tanto pelos fatores de risco das edificações como pelas medidas de segurança que existem e as que são propostas a fim de se reduzir o Risco Global de Incêndio.
Abstract
O artigo aborda as questões de preservação e conservação de cidades históricas tombadas sob a ótica da proteção contra incêndio. A análise de Risco Global de Incêndio [...]
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Un modelo para estimar la productividad de camiones usados para movimiento de tierra en obras de infraestructura
J. Perdomo, J. Martínez

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
Las operaciones de movimiento de tierra son parte fundamental de la mayoría de los proyectos de construcción de infraestructura. Para obtener ganancias cuando se trabaja en estas operaciones, la creación de un plan y la selección del equipo apropiado son aspectos críticos para maximizar la productividad. Obtener la máxima productividad es una tarea que puede ser muy difícil. Para planificar la obra, se debe conocer los tiempos de viaje de los camiones. El tiempo de viaje es una variable que depende de muchas otras variables. Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un modelo que permite realizar estudios sofisticados, utilizando características fundamentales del equipo, para estimar el tiempo de viaje y rendimiento de camiones en obras de movimiento de tierra.
Abstract
Las operaciones de movimiento de tierra son parte fundamental de la mayoría de los proyectos de construcción de infraestructura. Para obtener ganancias cuando se trabaja [...]
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Estimados del costo de reconstrucción de edificios en Puerto Rico
J. Botero, J. Lluch

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
Las metodologías para estimar la pérdida máxima probable (PML) se componen de dos partes, el modelo de daño y el costo de reparación o reemplazo. Este trabajo se enfoca en la segunda parte y tiene como objetivo determinar estos costos para Puerto Rico. Se hizo una encuesta entre contratistas, diseñadores y propietarios y se obtuvieron costos por pie cuadrado, costos por unidades de servicio, costos por parámetros, costo por componentes, salarios de mano de obra y la distribución de la misma en un proyecto. La información se clasificó de acuerdo al tipo de edificio, al uso, al tipo de estructura y al nivel de calidad, entre otros. Se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central, percentilas y el coeficiente de variación de la información clasificada y se comparó con las publicaciones Building Construction Cost Data, National Building Cost Manual y Bids Cost Index. Se desarrolló un índice de costo para actualizar los resultados obtenidos de forma rápida y así poder usar éstos en el futuro. Se usaron los componentes: mano de obra y materiales. El primero se decidió representar mediante: obrero no diestro, carpintero, varillero y albañil, mientras que para materiales se usó: hormigón, varilla de acero, cerámica de piso y cemento para empañete. Se estableció que el costo de reconstrucción resulta del costo de construcción multiplicado por un factor. Se tuvo en cuenta que en un proceso de reconstrucción se pueden tener dos alternativas: reparar la estructura dañada o reemplazarla con una nueva. Por consiguiente, se usaron dos factores, uno de reparación y uno de reemplazo.
Abstract
Las metodologías para estimar la pérdida máxima probable (PML) se componen de dos partes, el modelo de daño y el costo de reparación o reemplazo. Este trabajo se enfoca [...]
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Metodología para la evaluación del riesgo sísmico de pequeñas y medianas ciudades. Estudio de caso: Zona centro de la ciudad de Armenia - Colombia
L. Saldaña, H. Jaramillo, J. Calvo, F. Botero, J. Fernández

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
En este documento se resume el desarrollo de una metodología que permite evaluar fácil y rápidamente la vulnerabilidad indicativa de un predio y/o manzana determinada. Además se puede calcular aproximadamente las pérdidas probables (estructurales y no estructurales) que puede presentar una edificación frente a un sismo específico. La metodología puede ser usada en la evaluación del escenario de pérdidas de pequeñas y medianas poblaciones. La metodología usa como variables las características generales de la edificación tales como: año de construcción, altura, tipo de cubierta, sistema constructivo, etc. las cuales aportan un porcentaje de la vulnerabilidad indicativa. El otro porcentaje lo aporta el tipo y las características de los suelos sobre el cual está cimentada la edificación. La presente metodología es una ampliación y adaptación de la metodología PERCAL 6 para la evaluación del riego sísmico, desarrollada en la Universidad EAFIT de Medellín (Jaramillo, 1997), con la enorme ventaja de tener un alto grado de detalle en la obtención de las pérdidas de cada edificación. La metodología desarrollada fue utilizada en el sector de la zona centro de la ciudad de Armenia (Quindío) en Colombia, con una cantidad de 2525 predios. Éstos fueron visitados y estudiados con el fin de obtener su vulnerabilidad indicativa, utilizando como herramienta informática principal un sistema de información geográfica con el objetivo de mostrar de forma esquemática la vulnerabilidad y los posibles escenarios de daño para diferentes intensidades de un sismo.
Abstract
En este documento se resume el desarrollo de una metodología que permite evaluar fácil y rápidamente la vulnerabilidad indicativa de un predio y/o manzana determinada. [...]
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Acerca de la física y de la evaluación de los sistemas de alerta de terremotos y tsunamis
G. Cua

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (1)

Abstract
Editorial: Acerca de la física y de la evaluación de los sistemas de alerta de terremotos y tsunamis
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The mathematics of natural catastrophes
L. Godoy

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
Revision: The mathematics of natural catastrophes
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Retos de construcción de un puente en un entorno urbano denso usando técnicas de mejoramiento de suelos
J. Bernal, A. Crumley

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
La construcción de un puente sobre una vía primaria de seis carriles en un entorno urbano imponía limitaciones de espacio y tiempo para la construcción. La presencia de unos 30-40 pies de suelos blandos en el perfil complicaba la situación, añadiendo problemas potenciales de capacidad de sustentación, asentamientos, y fricción negativa. El uso de la técnica de precarga estaba limitado por el espacio de construcción, mientras que la construcción de un viaducto resultaba más costosa que la aplicación de técnicas de mejoramiento del suelo. Para llevar a cabo la construcción, se combinó el uso de varias técnicas de mejoramiento de suelo. Columnas de piedra y una platea de relleno selecto reforzado sirvieron para aumentar la capacidad de carga del terreno y su rigidez. Para contener las rampas de relleno asociadas al puente, se utilizaron muros verticales con suelo mecánicamente estabilizado. La fricción negativa generada por el relleno se minimizó aislando el pilote del relleno, mientras que la fricción negativa ocasionada por el terreno in situ se consideró como una carga estructural en el diseño. Los asentamientos medidos durante la construcción no sobrepasaron 5 pulgadas en la localización más crítica. En los primeros dos años de uso (1997-1998), se pudo constatar un asentamiento diferencial máximo de 2 pulgadas, entre el estribo sur del puente (en pilotes) y el relleno de las rampas de acercamiento. De observaciones recientes de ese estribo (octubre de 2005) se puede inferir un asentamiento diferencial adicional de ½ a ¾ pulgada en los últimos seis años. Estos asentamientos no han afectado el funcionamiento del puente.
Abstract
La construcción de un puente sobre una vía primaria de seis carriles en un entorno urbano imponía limitaciones de espacio y tiempo para la construcción. La presencia de [...]
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Análisis lineal con elementos finitos de pilotes de material compuesto rellenos con hormigón
M. Ruiz, M. Pando, F. Acosta

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
Los pilotes convencionales tradicionalmente se fabrican con materiales como madera, acero y hormigón. Estos pilotes presentan problemas de durabilidad cuando se instalan en ambientes marinos o agresivos. Algunos problemas que presentan incluyen disminución de la durabilidad del hormigón, corrosión del acero y ataque de micro organismos (termitas) a pilotes de madera. Se estima que se invierten alrededor de 1 billón de dólares anuales en la reparación de pilotes deteriorados. Se esta considerando un nuevo tipo de fundación profunda como pilotes compuestos por un tubo de polímero reforzados con fibra (FRP, por sus siglas en inglés) rellenos de hormigón sin refuerzo, los cuales son una alternativa para proyectos ubicados en ambientes agresivos ya que éstos son más resistentes que los materiales convencionales. Este artículo presenta predicciones analíticas de ensayos a compresión realizados a especimenes de pilotes compuestos elaborados con tubos de FRP disponible comercialmente. También se presentan predicciones de ensayos a compresión llevados a cabo con probetas de acero rellenas con hormigón para comparar las diferencias de comportamiento entre ellos. El núcleo de hormigón se analiza con el modelo de Drucker- Prager mientras que el FRP y acero de recubrimiento se modelaron con comportamiento elástico y elasto-plásticos respectivamente. Se observa que las curvas de carga en compresión vs. deformación predichas por los modelos numéricos se aproximan razonablemente bien a los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio. Además se observa que el modelo de Drucker- Prager en ambos tipos de probetas capta adecuadamente la expansión volumétrica medida en los especimenes ensayados.
Abstract
Los pilotes convencionales tradicionalmente se fabrican con materiales como madera, acero y hormigón. Estos pilotes presentan problemas de durabilidad cuando se instalan [...]
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Obras de estabilización de procesos erosivos en suelos loéssicos (cárcavas)
A. Rodríguez, G. Moya, E. Castelló, G. Vanoli, H. Farias, F. López

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
En el sur de la provincia de Córdoba (región central de Argentina) se encuentran numerosos arroyos afectados por procesos erosivos de carcavamiento. En este artículo en particular se presenta en caso de estudio del arroyo "El Gato", el cual cruza la Ruta Nacional N° 8 cerca del pueblo de Sampacho. Allí se observa un severo proceso de incisión de su cauce como consecuencia del fenómeno de erosión en cárcava al que se encuentra sometido. Este fenómeno se materializa mediante la formación de un escalón en el lecho fluvial sobre el cual se desarrolla una cascada de aproximadamente 13 m de altura; presentando una fosa de socavación debido al impacto del agua. El impacto de este proceso es altamente significativo, ya que afecta negativamente su área cercana, reduciendo áreas de uso agrícola y dañando las obras de infraestructura existentes (caminos, ferrocarriles, puentes y poliductos). Asimismo, el impacto ambiental es altamente negativo, fundamentalmente por las consecuencias asociadas a la incisión del cauce, el descenso del nivel freático y el incremento del transporte de sedimentos hacia aguas abajo. En este trabajo se presentan los estudios básicos realizados para caracterizar el fenómeno y se describe la solución adoptada para estabilizar el cauce de este arroyo. Además, se presentan las modificaciones realizadas en la etapa de obra y los detalles del seguimiento durante la operación y mantenimiento de la misma.
Abstract
En el sur de la provincia de Córdoba (región central de Argentina) se encuentran numerosos arroyos afectados por procesos erosivos de carcavamiento. En este [...]
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Caracterización estructural de materiales de sistemas constructivos en tierra: El adobe
J. Torres, E. Díaz

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
En este artículo se presentan los aspectos que caracterizan los sistemas constructivos en tierra cruda, particularmente en adobe, presentes en bienes inmuebles de interés cultural Colombianos, específicamente en capillas y templos doctrineros. Mediante el estudio de un caso especifico (capilla doctrinera de Tausa - Cundinamarca), se exponen los resultados obtenidos de las propiedades de los adobes, de orden físico, mecánico y químico, las cuales son imprescindibles para el conocimiento del adobe como material estructural y su correspondiente evaluación sismo-resistente. La caracterización del material tuvo inicialmente una fase experimental sobre probetas de adobe patrimonial (del orden de 300 años). Posteriormente se hizo una evaluación analítica y se compararon los resultados obtenidos con los de otros investigadores, tanto en Colombia como en el resto de Latinoamérica. Finalmente, se desarrolló una guía metodológica y una ficha de caracterización que se espera sean útiles para futuros estudios de los sistemas constructivos estructurales y sismo resistentes de las edificaciones de valor e interés patrimonial.Para los sistemas constructivos en tierra cruda, adobe y otras modalidades, presentes en bienes de interés cultural, particularmente en arquitectura religiosa (capillas y templos doctrineros), es imprescindible el estudio de procedimientos de rehabilitación con técnicas y materiales que mejoren las condiciones de su comportamiento estructural ante los efectos de la actividad sísmica y el deterioro natural.
Abstract
En este artículo se presentan los aspectos que caracterizan los sistemas constructivos en tierra cruda, particularmente en adobe, presentes en bienes inmuebles de interés [...]
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Metodología para la estimación de daños estructurales ocasionados por vientos huracanados en edificaciones industriales
H. Lopez, L. Godoy

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
El incremento en las pérdidas económicas por daños en edificaciones debido al paso de tormentas y huracanes sobre la región del Caribe en los últimos años, motivó a la industria aseguradora de Puerto Rico a auspiciar una investigación tendiente a generar herramientas para realizar evaluaciones más detalladas de sus portafolios de estructuras aseguradas, acordes con las prácticas constructivas y los escenarios de exposición existentes en la isla. Esta investigación abarca la amenaza que constituyen los huracanes para Puerto Rico, y se concentra en la estimación de sus efectos sobre los componentes más vulnerables en edificaciones industriales. La metodología de estimación de daño utilizada en este trabajo se fundamenta en la obtención de una secuencia de falla para los componentes de la edificación, a partir de la comparación directa de sus capacidades resistentes expresadas en términos de velocidades de viento. La recopilación de información, la identificación de sistemas constructivos y la selección de criterios de resistencia, junto con la elaboración de una herramienta computacional que integra los resultados de las tareas anteriores, constituyen el principal aporte de este trabajo a la metodología de estimación de daño desarrollada.
Abstract
El incremento en las pérdidas económicas por daños en edificaciones debido al paso de tormentas y huracanes sobre la región del Caribe en los últimos años, motivó a [...]
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Acidente estrutural com descarregador de minério causado por forças devidas ao vento
E. Batista, M. Dutra, A. Souza

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
Descarregadores de minério são equipamentos com estruturas de aço de grandes dimensões, submetidos a ações operacionais cíclicas e a forças impulsivas. Além das ações operacionais, a ação do vento deve ser considerada como uma das cargas variáveis principais nesse tipo de estrutura, considerando que o descarregador deve não apenas operar em condições seguras quanto à estabilidade estrutural, às tensões e deslocamentos induzidos, mas também estar apto a permanecer estacionado e imobilizado sobre o píer durante a ocorrência dos ventos mais desfavoráveis. O presente artigo apresenta a descrição de um acidente ocorrido no ano de 2003 com um descarregador de minério no Porto de Sepetiba, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, provocado pela ação do vento, levando à perda completa do equipamento, cuja massa total é de aproximadamente 1200 t. De modo a descrever tecnicamente a ação do vento, as forças aerodinâmicas foram calculadas com base teórica e, adicionalmente, foram realizados ensaios experimentais em túnel de vento considerando os dados do vento registrados no momento do acidente. O sistema hidráulico dos freios foi igualmente analisado, permitindo a comparação entre as forças de frenagem mobilizadas pelo equipamento e as forças de arrasto provocadas pelo vento. Os resultados obtidos foram utilizados para a identificação das causas do acidente, servindo, ainda, para auxiliar na tomada de decisões por parte das autoridades responsáveis pela operação do terminal de minérios de Sepetiba, com o objetivo de evitar a repetição desse tipo de acidente no futuro.
Abstract
Descarregadores de minério são equipamentos com estruturas de aço de grandes dimensões, submetidos a ações operacionais cíclicas e a forças impulsivas. Além das ações [...]
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Sobre la evaluación de riesgo de desastres naturales y vulnerabilidad de la comunidad utilizando sistemas de información geográficos
A. Alvarez

RIDNAIC (2005). Vol. 5, (2)

Abstract
Editorial: Sobre la evaluación de riesgo de desastres naturales y vulnerabilidad de la comunidad utilizando sistemas de información geográficos
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Simulación de la micromecánica en la solidificación de una fundición de grafito esferoidal
P. Dardati, L. Godoy, G. Cervetto, P. Paguaga

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (4)

Abstract
Este trabajo presenta una simulación computacional y resultados de la evolución de la microestructura durante la solidificación de una fundición de grafito esferoidal, obtenidos mediante autómatas celulares. La microestructura se define en un elemento de volumen representativo y su evolución está dada por modelos de nucleación y de crecimiento propuestos por la teoría uninodular, que se escriben aquí en forma de reglas. Las reglas se operan en cada celda del autómata para determinar un vector de estado. La evolución permite visualizar de manera simulada el proceso de solidificación a medida que desciende la temperatura, y cómo se extiende la parte sólida alrededor de núcleos de grafito.
Abstract
Este trabajo presenta una simulación computacional y resultados de la evolución de la microestructura durante la solidificación de una fundición de grafito esferoidal, [...]
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Un elemento de lámina sin grados de libertad rotacionales para el análisis de cáscaras con quiebres y ramificadas
F. Flores, E. Oñate

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (4)

Abstract
El presente trabajo extiende las capacidades de los elementos de lámina sin rotaciones (BST, EBST), desarrollados para el análisis de superficies suaves, al estudio de superficies con quiebres y ramificadas. Se realiza una redefinición de la curvatura en función del cambio de ángulo entre las normales al elemento, lo cual permite por un lado tratar cambios de ángulos arbitrariamente grandes entre elementos adyacentes y por otro introducir quiebres. Luego se generaliza esta idea al caso de láminas ramificadas. Se introduce la idea de rotación promedio de la arista en función de las rigideces relativas con los elementos adyacentes. Se presentan varios ejemplos en régimen lineal y no lineal que muestran que la formulación conduce a los resultados correctos.
Abstract
El presente trabajo extiende las capacidades de los elementos de lámina sin rotaciones (BST, EBST), desarrollados para el análisis de superficies suaves, al [...]
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Optimización topológica con la técnica de los autómatas celulares híbridos
A. Tovar

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (4)

Abstract
La técnica de los autómatas celulares híbridos-hybrid cellular autómata (HCA) fue originalmente desarrollada para simular el proceso de adaptación funcional de la estructura trabecular ósea. Esta técnica combina reglas de evolución de los autómatas celulares con análisis estructural por elementos finitos. Con algunos ajustes en sus parámetros, esta técnica demostró ser una herramienta efectiva para resolver problemas de optimización estructural. El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar el uso de los HCA en problemas de optimización topológica para la obtención de estructuras de máxima rigidez.
Abstract
La técnica de los autómatas celulares híbridos-hybrid cellular autómata (HCA) fue originalmente desarrollada para simular el proceso de adaptación funcional de la estructura [...]
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Formulación estabilizada de elementos finitos triangulares y tetraédricos para problemas de incompressibilidad en deformaciones infinitesimales
Q. Valverde, M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, C. Saracibar

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (4)

Abstract
Se presenta una formulación en multiescalas del método de elementos finitos capaz de estabilizar el comportamiento de elementos mixtos en problemas de elasticidad y de plasticidad incompresibles en deformaciones infinitesimales. Esta formulación está basada en el concepto de las subescalas ortogonales y se aplica a elementos con interpolaciones de desplazamientos y presión continuas. La formulación permite eludir la condición de estabilidad de Babuska-Brezzi y ofrece como principal ventaja la posibilidad de utilizar interpolaciones lineales en elementos mixtos triangulares y tetraédricos, muy convenientes en aplicaciones de interés práctico. Una de las contribuciones más relevantes de esta formulación es la eficacia y originalidad de la aproximación propuesta al parámetro de estabilización. Es este artículo se explican tanto las consideraciones empleadas en el planteamiento como los principales aspectos de implementación. Finalmente, mediante ejemplos de simulación se muestra el buen comportamiento de los elementos obtenidos en comparación con las formulaciones estándar y la del elemento Q1P0.
Abstract
Se presenta una formulación en multiescalas del método de elementos finitos capaz de estabilizar el comportamiento de elementos mixtos en problemas de elasticidad y de plasticidad [...]
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Cálculo de inestabilidades de un proceso de solidificación en dominios a simetría cilíndrica. Parte II: Resultados numéricos
A. Badillo, M. Durán, E. Ortega-Torres

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (4)

Abstract
Mediante la simulación numérica de un modelo estacionario que describe un proceso de solidificación de una aleación binaria en un dominio a simetría cilíndrica, estudiamos el fenómeno de bifurcación o pérdida de estabilidad, que está en la base de un sinnúmero de problemas en al ámbito del diseño industrial y en las aplicaciones de nuevas tecnologías. Combinando la técnica numérica de diferencias finitas y el análisis espectral, se obtienen óptimas aproximaciones para los valores numéricos de los parámetros que gobiernan dichos fenómenos de inestabilidad.
Abstract
Mediante la simulación numérica de un modelo estacionario que describe un proceso de solidificación de una aleación binaria en un dominio a simetría cilíndrica, estudiamos [...]
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Condiciones absorbentes locales para la ecuación de Berkhoff sobre una frontera de forma general
R. Chaple

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (1)

Abstract
El propósito de este artículo es reflejar el desarrollo de las condiciones absorbentes locales en la resolución de modelos elípticos de propagación del oleaje monocromático. Las aproximaciones usuales derivadas para tales ecuaciones son revisadas y discutidas. Nuevas condiciones absorbentes sobre dominios circulares y sus generalizaciones a dominios no circulares son presentadas. Estas condiciones absorbentes permiten la solución aproximada de la ecuación de Berkoff en un dominio infinito usando el método tradicional de los elementos finitos sobre dominios no circulares. La precisión de estas condiciones son investigadas para fronteras elípticas y circulares.
Abstract
El propósito de este artículo es reflejar el desarrollo de las condiciones absorbentes locales en la resolución de modelos elípticos de propagación del oleaje monocromático. [...]
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Aplicación de la programación distribuida en la obtención de la velocidad de flameo y los análisis de sensibilidad del flameo en puentes de gran vano
F. Nieto, J. Jurado, S. Hernández

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (1)

Abstract
La formulación que permite el cálculo de la velocidad de flameo de un puente de gran vano, ya sea atirantado o colgante, así como de los análisis de sensibilidad del flameo es compleja y requiere un esfuerzo de cálculo muy importante. En este artículo se presenta esa formulación y se plantea la posibilidad de distribuir ciertos procesos costosos y repetitivos, que hasta ahora se han venido realizando de forma secuencial, a una serie de ordenadores conectados en red, de manera que cada ordenador resuelve un problema parcial independiente de los demás. Además se comenta una aplicación informática que permite la resolución mediante programación distribuida del problema planteado y se pasa revista a los resultados comparándolos con los otros investigadores que han empleado programación secuencial.
Abstract
La formulación que permite el cálculo de la velocidad de flameo de un puente de gran vano, ya sea atirantado o colgante, así como de los análisis de sensibilidad del flameo [...]
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Una formulación numérica sin malla basada en los métodos SPH con ponderación de Galerkin
L. Cueto-Felgueroso, I. Colominas, G. Mosqueira, F. Navarrina, M. Casteleiro

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (1)

Abstract
En este artículo se propone una formulación numérica sin malla de tipo Galerkin basada en el método de partículas SPH con aproximación de mínimos cuadrados móviles y su aplicación a problemas de mecánica de fluidos con superficie libre. El esquema de Galerkin proporciona una metodología general que permite analizar muchos de los métodos propuestos en el ámbito de las formulaciones de tipo SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) y desarrollar algoritmos consistentes. La viabilidad de la metodologa sin malla que se propone se demuestra con varios ejemplos en los que se analizan fenómenos de gran complejidad o con fuertes distorsiones en el dominio de solución.
Abstract
En este artículo se propone una formulación numérica sin malla de tipo Galerkin basada en el método de partículas SPH con aproximación de mínimos cuadrados móviles [...]
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Análise de placas laminadas compósitas através de funçoes de base radial e polinómios de Legendre
A. Ferreira

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (1)

Abstract
Neste trabalho utiliza-se uma teoria de deformaçao de primeira ordem baseada em expansoes de Legendre para placas laminadas compósitas e uma discretizaçao por funçoes de base radial. Este método sem malha combinada com esta teoria de deformaçao permite calcular deslocamentos e tensoes com grande qualidade.
Abstract
Neste trabalho utiliza-se uma teoria de deformaçao de primeira ordem baseada em expansoes de Legendre para placas laminadas compósitas e uma discretizaçao por funçoes [...]
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Cálculo de frecuencias naturales para vigas elásticas con efecto de cortante e inercia rotacional. Caso empotrado-articulado
M. Moreles, S. Botello, R. Salinas

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (1)

Abstract
En este trabajo presentamos un método asintótico para el cálculo de frecuencias naturales de vigas elásticas. En los modelos, además del efecto de flexión, consideramos también el efecto de cortante y de inercia rotacional. Para modelos unidimensionales el método asintótico permite calcular frecuencias de cualquier orden y con alta precisión. A manera de comparación presentamos asimismo el cálculo de frecuencias por el método de los elementos finitos unidimensionales. Para ilustrar un problema de valores propios que genera matrices no simétricas consideramos la configuración de una viga empotrada-articulada. Con el fin de estudias las bondades de modelación de los métodos unidimensionales, mostramos también el cálculo de frecuencias siguiendo la teoría clásica de elasticidad y el método de los elementos finitos tridimensional. Incluimos ejemplos numéricos para ilustrar la teoría.
Abstract
En este trabajo presentamos un método asintótico para el cálculo de frecuencias naturales de vigas elásticas. En los modelos, además del efecto de flexión, consideramos [...]
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El problema del contacto en bombas de engranajes de perfil trocoidal
P. Gamez-Montero, F. Zárate, M. Sánchez, R. Castilla, E. Codina

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (2)

Abstract
El objetivo principal de las metodologías presentadas en este artículo es determinar las tensiones de contacto en un engranaje de perfiles trocoidales cuando trabaja formando parte de una máquina óleo-hidráulica. Conocer las tensiones de contacto con una máquina “trocoidal”es importante porque este tipo de máquinas no pueden ser ajustadas para la fricción. La principal dificultad que se plantea en el cálculo de las tensiones de contacto consiste en determinar las fuerzas que se transmiten a través de cada punto de contacto. Debido a la existencia de un número importante de puntos de contacto para cada instante de tiempo en una rotación completa del conjunto del engranaje, el problema es hiperestático. En la primera y segunda sección de este artículo se presenta un modelo analítico para el cálculo de la tensiones de contacto en una máquina “trocoidal” tipo gerotor, desestimando la fricción en los puntos de contacto. A partir de este punto el comportamiento del conjunto del engranaje es evaluado a través del cálculo de la máxima tensión de contacto normal en los dientes del engranaje. En la tercera sección del artículo se presenta un estudio de la misma máquina mediante elementos finitos y sus resultados. En la cuarta parte del artículo se describe el trabajo experimental usando un modelo prototipo del conjunto del engranaje de la misma máquina que proporciona el rango de magnitud de la máxima tensión de contacto en un par de dientes a través de la técnica de la foto-elasticidad. Finalmente los resultados de los dos modelos y de los ensayos experimentales son comparados aportando conclusiones muy interesantes.
Abstract
El objetivo principal de las metodologías presentadas en este artículo es determinar las tensiones de contacto en un engranaje de perfiles trocoidales cuando trabaja formando [...]
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Modelo de elementos rígidos para el análisis de estructuras de mampostería
S. Casolo, F. Peña

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2005). Vol. 21, (2)

Abstract
Se presenta un modelo de elementos rígidos en el plano para la modelación de estructuras de mampostería. El presente modelo considera las estructuras de mampostería como una serie de elementos rígidos interconectados entre ellos. Únicamente los desplazamientos en el plano con considerados, mientras que el comportamiento fuera del plano se desprecia. Los elementos rígidos con cuadriláteros interconectados mediante puntos de conexión oportunamente colocados en los lados de interconexión. Las características mecánicas de estos puntos reproducen el comportamiento frágil de la mampostería. Estas características se obtienen mediante un proceso de identificación de parámetros, basado en la equivalencia de energía de deformación entre los elementos rígidos y el material. El objetivo principal en la formulación de este método es poder analizar dinámica o estáticamente cualquier tipo de estructura de mampostería, que presente un comportamiento en plano, no importando la geometría o las características del material.
Abstract
Se presenta un modelo de elementos rígidos en el plano para la modelación de estructuras de mampostería. El presente modelo considera las estructuras de mampostería como [...]
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