Documents published in 2005 : Scipedia

The spots, a possibility to develop the environmental education through the television
C. Saez Martínez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 241

Abstract
The investigation is a detailed work of more than five years than the author has dedicated to the use of the television and other mass media to contribute to solve some of problematic of the environmental education and the medio.ambiente in the Cuban province of Camagüey and was defended like thesis in option to the title of Masters in Sciences, in the Pedagogical University Enrique Jose Varona, of the city of Havana, with satisfactory results. The newness of the investigation is in the proposal of a set of spots with the objective to develop the environmental education, by means of the routes formal and nonformal, from main the problematic ones that consider in the Strategy of Medio.ambiente and Environmental Education of the Republic of Cuba and the province of Camagüey. In the project psicopedagogical, philosophical and sociological foundations were applied that allowed to pedagogizar spots so that they do not constitute pure publicity, but that is managed by means of them to transform the thought and the way of performance of the children and young people, as well as of the town in general sense. In the materials that were designed they considered the ecosystems and species that greater degree of affectation they had and which as well they presented/displayed relation with the programs of scholastic Geography which they were distributed in the different levels from education of Cuba.
Abstract
The investigation is a detailed work of more than five years than the author has dedicated to the use of the television and other mass media to contribute to solve some of [...]
- 1
- read
Sports and television: a perspective from the physical education
J. Tello Díaz, J. Rebollo González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 240

Abstract
Nowadays, the important role of the sport in our society is undeniable. From the Physical Education point of view, we must take its values and we must transmit them to our pupils. Let us think that it is not sufficient with presenting sports at school, but it must have a direct transference that affects our pupils’ free time transforming it into an active leisure, because the Physical Education has the purpose to achieve the integral education of the pupils. In this sense, it seems necessary to form good spectators to be critics with which they see and that they value the principles of all sport activity and to appreciate the different sport manifestations they attend, contributing to form different opinions to achieve an integral education. The mass media, and particularly the television, present a set of values that turn around several axes (exit, competition, consumption, possessiveness). The television must have the purpose of entertaining, of informing and of educating; but if we compared the values that arise from the sport competitions emitted on television with the values that we tried to promote at schools, we could question ourselves if they are at the same level, or, on the contrary, they aim in opposite ways. The sport activity occupies an important role in the leisure of the young people, on the one hand as a sport practice and, on a second hand, as spectators of sport events. From our subject, we want to contribute providing a meaningfulness to these activities for our students and, to reach, as Pierre de Couvertin said that all the sports were for everybody, pleading for a global sport in which any limit of age, physical condition, sex…
Abstract
Nowadays, the important role of the sport in our society is undeniable. From the Physical Education point of view, we must take its values and we must transmit them to our [...]
- 2
- read
«Buen provecho»: television in the workshop-classroom to a cookery and pastry workshop
M. Medina Moles, M. del Castillo López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 239

Abstract
The big interest which raises the gastronomic culture is well-known everywhere. Now more than never people write, publish and read about this subject but what is really surprising is the amazing rating audience reached by the TV programmes which deal with popularizing recipes for traditional, regional, market, season or author cooking. Some of them have stayed on the air for quite a long time and have contributed to the appearance of the «star cook» who is appreciated not only by his/her solid professional career or by his/her refined culinary technique, but also and especially by his/her impact as a communicator. Every TV channel has a programme about the subject so as to engage and keep a wide and diverse section of audience. You can see how students have become interested in these subjects –not only those who are studying a Cookery Vocational Training Course- due to the influence of television. They ask their teacher about a certain programme, the teacher´s opinion about the cook´s work, they even suggest preparing a certain dish which has drawn their attention or want to know if the technique the cook has used is the most suitable. The teacher has so the opportunity of applying a new methodology with a flexible approach by making use of these topics as didactic strategies to foster and develop the students´ learning motivation. The problem arises when we consider the value these kind of TV programmes have as a learning tool. Are they useful for the educational purposes according to a professional profile? Do they refer to the professional performance and are they suitable for the units of competence which are part of the professional abilities? Do they fit in the general abilities which are common to the educative vocational level? What about the general goals and purposes of the Cookery Vocational Training Course and the final abilities of every subject? It is obvious they don´t. Regarding the suitability of the gastronomic-culinary contents of these TV programmes we come to the conclusion that it is not quite satisfactory: the contents which refer to concepts may be suitable (especially those which have to do with facts, but not always those notions or empiric rules) Finally, it is worth taking into a special consideration the attitude knowledge. As whole, the kind of attitude which is spread by TV cooking programmes would be appropriate as contents in the teaching-learning process: importance of healthy and balanced food, suitability of natural and season products, etc. So the problem we approach in this paper deals with the way teachers and students could take advantage of TV programmes though the teaching-learning process by making up for the lack of some suitable contents which may be related to the Cookery Vocational Training Course curriculum.
Abstract
The big interest which raises the gastronomic culture is well-known everywhere. Now more than never people write, publish and read about this subject but what is really surprising [...]
- 2
- read
Musical and educational programes on television
J. Romero Carmona, M. Degrado Godoy

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 238

Abstract
Television is a medium, as all people knows; of communication. The educational offer that TV offers can consider very varied through different types of TV programmes. This communication tries to realize a short analysis of the educational programmes, centring us in the musical programmes which are broad casted at the moment in the different channels of TV. We study of these and the possible repercussion which have about our young people.
Abstract
Television is a medium, as all people knows; of communication. The educational offer that TV offers can consider very varied through different types of TV programmes. This [...]
- 2
- read
Television as a teaching tool and as a way of knowledgement in the area of History
M. Valero Palomo, Á. Vera Aranda

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 237

Abstract
The television is a media which can be used in the classroom for the teaching of History. The television news are, in many cases, information for the knowledgement of the pupils. The debates, discussions, chats or interviews with historical contents, can be also very interesting to work with them in class. But the most interesting material to work with are television series and documentaries about history, because they easily arrive to the pupils and they motivate them more. But although its huge possibilities, the television is under-used in the teaching of History in the classrooms.
Abstract
The television is a media which can be used in the classroom for the teaching of History. The television news are, in many cases, information for the knowledgement of the [...]
- 0
- read
Scientific education, society and TV
F. Martínez Ruiz, M. Bautista Arnedo, J. del Pino Ruiz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 236

Abstract
The advances in the world of sciences contributes to the progress of mankind. It’s really important to take into account the role of TV as a way of expanding and interpreting the information to make society aware of it and to imply an active participation. But mass media do not only have informative values but they are also formative. In this way of disseminating the information there are three factors to consider: scientific community, educational community and, concretely in this work, TV.
Abstract
The advances in the world of sciences contributes to the progress of mankind. It’s really important to take into account the role of TV as a way of expanding and interpreting [...]
- 2
- read
Scientific Education on television
J. Tello Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 235

Abstract
During 2005, the Council of Education in Andalusia has promulgated the commemoration of the first centenary of the publication of the special theory of the relativity of Albert Einstein. Among the objectives of this commemoration we emphasized the following ones: a) to foment the interest for the education and the scientific culture; b) to impel the debate on the education and the scientific culture. For this commemoration, several mechanisms have been planned to be carried out at schools, as well as some activities at provincial and at autonomous Community levels. One of the relevant actions consists on the creation of a Scientific Committee to debate on the state of the education of Sciences at schools. Among the topics proposed for the debate we point out the value of the television as the element of great importance in the spreading of the scientific culture; but for this, t it is necessary that the television production considers in his philosophy the citizen interest for the knowledge of the facts and for the scientific activities and presents them in a comprehensive way. In the communication which we present, we expose some of the conclusions that this Scientific Committee has arrived to in the debate up to now, in the area of science and society. With respect to the repercussion of the television in the scientific education of the citizens, we contrast this fact with the televising planning in the national and autonomous channels in Andalusia, and wondering a change towards more formative programmes in this powerful mass media.
Abstract
During 2005, the Council of Education in Andalusia has promulgated the commemoration of the first centenary of the publication of the special theory of the relativity of Albert [...]
- 2
- read
Television as a messenger of attitudes, values and ideological referents
R. Benítez Serrano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 234

Abstract
This synopsis highlights the vast significance of audiovisual communication in today’s society and moreover in the world of education. It also reveals the influence such means of communication wields. The author largely focuses on the importance of television, and considers it to be an essential visual aid for educating at all levels. The author then proceeds to analyse the concept of manipulation, while rejecting the theories of the Shannon-Weaver model. He also points out the philosophical and ideological rules on which messages coming from television are based; that is to say, postmodernism. Finally, given the range of coverage that the media uphold, the author looks at three major problems concerning society in the 21st century and reinforces the importance of covering these issues in the classroom. These are: violence, primarily concerning terrorist acts of violence, poverty, immigration, and genetic manipulation through science and technology. To conclude the author puts forward some ideas for consideration, suggesting how the television and other means of communication can be used on an everyday basis.
Abstract
This synopsis highlights the vast significance of audiovisual communication in today’s society and moreover in the world of education. It also reveals the influence such [...]
- 3
- read
Let us teach to discriminate stereotypes sexist on television
L. Torres Barzabal, A. Jiménez Hernández

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 233

Abstract
Throughout history sexistas stereotypes are reproduced of generation in generation through the repetition of guidelines of conducts, attitudes and forms to understand the situations that surround to us, establishing these models like adapted so a society them takes, which causes that the women and children are put under the rolls settled down by a androcéntrica culture. This situation has not changed at the present time and the transmission of guidelines and sexistas values is continued harnessing from different scopes, among others by mass media of masses, between which the television not only transmits a culture, but that participates in the creation, offers certain models, power values and devaluates others... it reproduces and creates sexistas stereotypes that discriminate against the woman. The television is so near the daily reality of all the people who we considered also has a quota of responsibility. As a result of being noticing the influence that has the television in our society, we wanted to know the forms and ways in which the sexism is reflected in her. For it we along with made alumnos/as of the subjet «Bases for a nonsexista education» of the University of Huelva during course 2004/2005 a study on the content television in relation to the sexism, once we had treated the basic slight knowledge on the thematic one. The study tried the reflective analysis of the discrimination towards the woman generated by the television. We undertook it through the systematic observation, a made observation of deliberate form, in order to identify sexistas stereotypes and to make a valuation of such. It was made during five weeks, in any television network and mainly type of programs: aids, debates, news, films, cartoons, publicity, etc..., of which, those aspects were extracted that were considered discriminatory towards the woman, they we gathered in a registry of significant facts, customized cards for each observation, offers in the first place the general performances (observer, date, hour, chain of TV and televising space) and next the context of the observation, the description of the incident and the valuation. In this work manifold indifferently discriminatory messages for the woman were identified of the chain or the televising space, and even, the observers declared that previously they had not repaired in them, by being considered an aspect, an attitude, a situation... standardized in our culture, justifying that in many occasions they are transmitting still because of their ignorance. This study has made us become aware and to value the discrimination projected through the television and, therefore, it has taken to us to consider the importance of learning and of teaching to see it, because in the same way that we are educated to develop those capacities that cause that the people can develop in the society, also it is advisable a formation that contributes the attitudes necessary to value of intelligent way the messages expressed in the television and thus being receiving critical and reflexives on the fairness for all the people.
Abstract
Throughout history sexistas stereotypes are reproduced of generation in generation through the repetition of guidelines of conducts, attitudes and forms to understand the [...]
- 1
- read
The TV, an instrument in the classroom
T. Sibón Macarro

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 232

Abstract
The teaching of a language must invariable go hand in hand with the culture of the people who speak it as they infuse it with their way of life, their surroundings and their social relationships. This inseparable association of language and culture gains special relevance in the field of the media and, specifically, in relation to televisión. Today, every specialized course worthy of mention, involved in the learning of one’s native language (L1), a second language (SL) or foreign language (FL), dedicate a significant part of their study to this type of media. We are approaching a potencial instrumentation of televisión as a didactic tool in the language classroom with its interpretation of culture.
Abstract
The teaching of a language must invariable go hand in hand with the culture of the people who speak it as they infuse it with their way of life, their surroundings and their [...]
- 1
- read
Television: a tool for acquiring knowledge, skills and values
J. Santibáñez Velilla

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 231

Abstract
The television, used as a didactic tool in the teaching-learning process, contributes to the construction of an innovative space in the teaching practice. The most important issue is not only to know what tools are used by the teachers and how often they used them, but to know what cognitive, procedural and attitudinal strategies are acquired or developed by the students. This research on the use of TV as a didactic tool studies the answers of 91 students of different specialities of the Pedagogic Proficiency Course (Curso de Aptitud Pedagógica 2003-2004) of the University of La Rioja.
Abstract
The television, used as a didactic tool in the teaching-learning process, contributes to the construction of an innovative space in the teaching practice. The most important [...]
- 3
- read
Educational possibility on education
L. Moreno García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 230

Abstract
Television is a main thing in our lifes naturally. But we need some instruments to understand it. It isimportant in learning process because our pupils are condicionated bytv images. We can use reality programming for thinking about the quality of our television and, at the same time, we are working in making better our democracy and cityzens.
Abstract
Television is a main thing in our lifes naturally. But we need some instruments to understand it. It isimportant in learning process because our pupils are condicionated bytv [...]
- 1
- read
TV as a way of social behaviour: a pedagogical proposal
F. Casado Mestre

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 229

Abstract
The problematic existing nowadays in the classroom by lots of students of Secondary Education, consisting in a lack of motivation and interest for their studies, and emphasizing the growing consumption of mass media, in particular the television, this convert the young people in mere vulnerable and passive consumers to the power of the TV messages, copying models and roles of unreal behaviour unconsciously. With this pedagogical proposal we try to work in the classroom with an instrument that is very familiar, obtaining with motivational activities introduce the students in the TV language and detecting the negative and positive aspects of this instrument in a conscious way, in final aim of getting critical students of TV of their favourite programs.
Abstract
The problematic existing nowadays in the classroom by lots of students of Secondary Education, consisting in a lack of motivation and interest for their studies, and emphasizing [...]
- 1
- read
Two ways to focus televisión in the school as a curricular tool
P. Cortés González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 228

Abstract
At the present time the consume of television by the kids is socially considered as a negative factor for the children education. We try to analyze the programming that TV offer through its differents stations, and in certain way, we try verify this fact. We don’t referthat we must teach the use of television as a device, because almost of all the people adquire this skills by means of socialization; It is essential to reflect on what kind of programmes could be considered educational.We outline two steps to follow to use the television in the school for educational proposes: the critical analysis of the messages and to make use of the TV as a tool directly.
Abstract
At the present time the consume of television by the kids is socially considered as a negative factor for the children education. We try to analyze the programming that TV [...]
- 0
- read
Animated cartoons and children
M. Reina Flores

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 227

Abstract
Presently work has been carried out a study of two lively series that they have their emission in infantile schedule in common. The difference between both is the public for which they a priori are directed, an is produced for an infantile viewer and the other this suitable for a mature audience. In some parents the belief of form exists more or less implicit that the series of animated cartoons emitted in infantile schedule are good for children. The series of animated cartoons have the entertainment in common, the mediate are very different depending if is carried out for adults or for children. The animated cartoons of adults look for the amusement through the irony or stereotype it exaggerated of some characters. In the lively series carried out for an infantile public the interest of the spectator through the relationship with situations is looked for that they could find tune and in which there is a moral. The transmitted messages are very different according to the population although the entertainment is a common objective. The educational value would be the determinant between the analyzed series.
Abstract
Presently work has been carried out a study of two lively series that they have their emission in infantile schedule in common. The difference between both is the public for [...]
- 7
- read
Media representation and teenagers’ audiovisual production
C. Mayugo i Majó, M. Moix Puig, M. Ricart Masip

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 226

Abstract
Audiovisual production has an important role to play in Media Literacy, even if it isn’t as developed as critical reading. Any dialogic process of communication includes expression and creation, which is crucial to help youngters to become competent in our societies. To emphasize this, we analysed the contents of 44 audiovisual productions made by teenagers in different educational and social frameworks. These videos have been produced during practical workshops where participants could choose the subjects to deal with. The most popular issues chosen were: teenagers’ self-image and conflicts, with more or less violence. These subjects allow us to learn about the big influence of TV and cinema in the teenagers’ imaginary.
Abstract
Audiovisual production has an important role to play in Media Literacy, even if it isn’t as developed as critical reading. Any dialogic process of communication includes [...]
- 5
- read
Television and teachers: report on practices in classes of children aged 7 to 11
L. Vaz Peres

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 225

Abstract
In this summary we present the reports and reflections of teachers who participate in an on-going research project named Mapping the effects of media images on the imaginary of working teachers: treading the personal knowledge of a Symbolic Pedagogy. The teachers, who work with children aged between 7 and 11 years, in Brazilian state schools, have reflected upon the influences of television shows as potential sources of diverse readings. In class, they have carried out distinct interventions and have played the role of human media (Penteado, 2002, and Porto, 2005), meaning that these teachers have acted as bridges, screens or mirrors for communications in which individual and cultural contents of a certain culture are exchanged. According to Michel Maffesoli (2001:9), there is a quotidian sociology whose main particularity is to offer a reading of the social life considering the sphere of the quotidian as a place that, in its banality and receptivity, and accompanied by the corresponding imaginary, allows investigators and other social observers to find important elements for the understanding of a social weave and its complexity. Therefore, what we have intended was related to television as a possible source of teaching: by signifying and re-signifying contents and, above all, through the intervention of teachers, by enabling different dynamics and organizations of collective actions in a school environment. In such a manner, televised communication becomes a space for socialization and apprehension of other contents. It can be the means to organize, unite, and conquer spaces and desires of a determined group or community. We are, of course, entering a domain that will be the place of the universal human collective tendencies, that are transported or mediumizated by the media, through the identification with a character of and image.
Abstract
In this summary we present the reports and reflections of teachers who participate in an on-going research project named Mapping the effects of media images on the imaginary [...]
- 2
- read
Televisión abuse on our students´s side: how, when and why
M. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 224

Abstract
The abuse of over watching Television by our alumnae is a fact that worries all the educational community. Every day, the teachers observe how the alumnae, at all educational levels, follow patterns of behaviour, keeping values and reproducing roles that have been seen and defended by our television stations. This abuse leads to a series of implications, not only in the educational area, but in the family circle as well, in relational and social aspects. Our aim is to know the negative influence of this phenomena on a particular population, and to contrast the results with other investigations developed in other contexts. This study was initiated on a group of alumnae form the 2º term of primary education, in the province of Huelva. The principal objective consisted of deepening the awareness in the world of our pupils: questioning the use of their free time and knowing their habits and behaviour. Finding out the amount of time they dedicate to watching television, where they watch it, with whom and why it attracts them so enormously. First of all, the qualities presented on television to attract the infant population was analysed, afterwards a sample of the studied population was selected, specifying the context where it was to be taken and the characteristics of the area, its educational centres and studied alumnae. Later, it was selected the instruments of data collected, among them, the questionnaire. Finally, study implications to determine the given conclusions were obtained.
Abstract
The abuse of over watching Television by our alumnae is a fact that worries all the educational community. Every day, the teachers observe how the alumnae, at all educational [...]
- 2
- read
The television’s cartoons as transmision´s resource of educative and cultural values
N. Rajadell Puiggròs, M. Pujol Maura, V. Violant Holz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 223

Abstract
The cartoons are an easy way to transmit educational and cultural values to children, as well as other media (comics, computer games, videogames, etc.). The actual reality and evolution of cartoons from the last thirty years is assessed. In this context, are they as useful as we expect to be good transmitters of our values? Are they autochthonous to show cultural differences? The massive invasion of American and Japanese cartoons could affect our own values?. In order to answer these questions, a short research based on the current programme schedule of the Autonomic Catalan television was performed.
Abstract
The cartoons are an easy way to transmit educational and cultural values to children, as well as other media (comics, computer games, videogames, etc.). The actual reality [...]
- 7
- read
The cartoons of television and its educational value
V. Marín Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 222

Abstract
The television programs that cover the lion's share of the timetable zone destined public infantile are nourished, fundamentally, of series so much with meat and bone personages as animate. The value that they can have these series can be questionned if we tried to analyzing anyone of they. Our interest center in the present communication is found in determining if through anyone of these series the objectives established in the curriculum of primary by the current legislation could be covered.
Abstract
The television programs that cover the lion's share of the timetable zone destined public infantile are nourished, fundamentally, of series so much with meat and bone personages [...]
- 2
- read
Television and childhood: teacher’s formation perspective
Á. de Luque Sánchez, A. Molina Rubio, A. Ontoria Peña

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 221

Abstract
Nowadays, the potential of television, as an agent of informal and non-formal education and as an inescapable element of formal education, demands a specific preparation of the teaching staff. The present communication offers the results of a questionnaire which is applied to manage to get teaching students’ believes and criterions about the today’s television programmes and the functions of the school related to this medium. The results are considered as the beginning for a significant learning and an enrichment of the practical thought in relation to these subjects of teachers in training.
Abstract
Nowadays, the potential of television, as an agent of informal and non-formal education and as an inescapable element of formal education, demands a specific preparation of [...]
- 0
- read
Orientationto improper consumption on television in childhood
M. Toscano Cruz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 220

Abstract
The improper consumption of television in the children is one of the topics that more worries both to professionals of the education and to the families. Such it is the degree of interest to be employed at this question that there have designed educational programs that, in the main, they have managed neither remain too much time in the programming still nor to wake the interest of the smallest up. With the present communication we try to establish an analysis of the current situation of the consumption of television in the smallest as well as to present an offer of orientation where teachers, parents and children play a crucial role towards the improvement of the seing of mass media.
Abstract
The improper consumption of television in the children is one of the topics that more worries both to professionals of the education and to the families. Such it is the degree [...]
- 2
- read
Television, cinema and teenagers: relationship and aspirations
T. Esperon Porto, A. Krause Lemke

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 219

Abstract
Society shows a double bind, as it defines adolescents´ place. This is reflected on the attitude of the educators, who understand this phase as the most critical and complex. One among the new passwords for youth is the redesigning of sociability around the so-called “urban tribes”; in other words, young people are motivated by categories that signal to being together and to a new organic solidarity. In the dynamicity of such re-appropriations by adolescents, the means of communication, specially tv, as social and cultural mediators, become new perceptual organizer and re-organizer that act upon relationships and social experiences. Who is this XXI century young person? Howdoes he live? How does he relate to the tv? What does he like?...
Abstract
Society shows a double bind, as it defines adolescents´ place. This is reflected on the attitude of the educators, who understand this phase as the most critical and complex. [...]
- 4
- read
Children, TV and violence: a media literacy approach
E. García Núñez de Cáceres

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 218

Abstract
The aim of this research is to bring a practical solution, from the media literacy perspective, to the problem that the high content of televised violence could bring to children. Three topics were researched: (a) Children and TV, (b) violence in TV and (c) media literacy.Looking forward to frame under the light of the knowledge arisen of the studies of these research lines and thus offer as a result a proposal of media literacy focused to improve the TV consumption habits of the children and to offer their parents and teachers tools and strategies to counteract the possible negative effects of viewing violence in the television.The topics that develop under the perspective of media literacy as a result of this research are: 1) Children’s TV habits and preferences, 2) Some considerations on TV production and 3) The televised violence and their negative portraits.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to bring a practical solution, from the media literacy perspective, to the problem that the high content of televised violence could bring to children. [...]
- 2
- read
Psychopedagogical Orientation, education and television
M. Monescillo Palomo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 217

Abstract
The Psychopedagogical Orientation helps persons to acquire the elementary competences they need to be rational and critical consumers of the multivarious audiovisual messages that are transmitted through the different televisions. The tutorial action, considered like intentional, planned and preventive task, implies individuals and groups in experiences that progressively are permitting that the subjects conformed an equilibrated scale of values and a consistent autonomy that give them maturity to make the more appropriate and reasonable decisions. In this sense, this is able to prepare and improve the person, especially younger people, to live together with the harassing TV and, at the same time, to use the messages to get information and leisure -without becoming manipulated- and to talk correctly and of creative utilizing their own codes.
Abstract
The Psychopedagogical Orientation helps persons to acquire the elementary competences they need to be rational and critical consumers of the multivarious audiovisual messages [...]
- 7
- read
Influences of television on the family education
A. Jiménez Hernández, L. Torres Barzabal

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 216

Abstract
This communication is centered on the opinions that the students of the second year of the degree of Educación Social of the University of Huelva have of the influence of television on the family education. In the second part of the piece of work, we deal with the opinions of the relatives of the students that are the object of the research. Some of them are their elders, people that lived when television didn’t exist or its use was a privilege for some sectors of society. This part of the research is directed towards the comparative analysis between the opinions of both the students of Educación Social and their relatives.
Abstract
This communication is centered on the opinions that the students of the second year of the degree of Educación Social of the University of Huelva have of the influence of [...]
- 1
- read
Television: silly box or magical box?
F. Rodríguez Vázquez, A. Ruiz Trujillo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 215

Abstract
The television is at the moment one of the biggest communication roads among people of a certain sociocultural context, independently of the ends of the talkative fact. In this document we express two ways to understand the television. The first, old way of conceiving the concept, as for the technical thing: the television is a complex machine, formed by many circuits and cables. The second, more current and chord with the times in that we live, is in the sense of how the contents are made that we perceive in our receivers. We will make a brief historical journey, going from the beginnings (W/B television, elements that conform the apparatus and so on) to conclude with the incidence of the TV in the society. Finally we will elaborate a series of recommendations so that we could be intelligent television consumers. At least a little more than what we are now.
Abstract
The television is at the moment one of the biggest communication roads among people of a certain sociocultural context, independently of the ends of the talkative fact. In [...]
- 9
- read
Which tv do teachers want? From unrecognized experiences to emerging knowledge of the selection of video and TV programs
G. Guimarães, N. Alves, R. Goulart Barreto

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 214

Abstract
Based on hints gathered in documents and observations, the aim of this work is to reveal emancipatory meanings present, though invisible or not fully realized in regulatory processes, as well as to understand knowledge and ideas impregnated in the daily practices of social agents. In order to valorize edge knowledge and social practices, this work is grounded on Boaventura de Sousa Santos, especially on his formulation of a two-fold Sociology: one related to the social experiences that have not been recognized yet as valuable and the second related to the expansion of possible social experiences. The movement corresponds to the construction of an archeology of already developed social experiences, though not visible or recognized by the existing theoretical frameworks, so as to reveal both kinds of experiences: the recognized ones and the possible ones. By means of experiences developed by ordinary people, the aim is to get to know and socialize experiences conducted in boundary scientific works in several social areas to make it possible to gather hints to the production of alternatives to hegemonic ideas and to the maintenance of traditions abandoned by modern sciences. Based on what can be called «Sociology of absences», experiences can be valued, publicized and used to convey hidden meanings, to exploit possible ways to deal with posed questions and to legitimate new forms of thinking. Based on these assumptions, we present a reflection on an experience in the social field, regarding possible conflicts and dialogues between forms of knowledge. In this case, we treat the pedagogical experience with video and TV programs, developed by teachers and experts on education and communication in the official schools of Rio de JaneiroCity, being the latter put in charge of helping the former in their pedagogical practices. By means of the hints gathered, sometimes taken as unimportant, it was possible to identify in the teachers´ speeches and actions, particular ways to work works with video and TV programs that, far from being characterized by lack of knowledge, were plenty of alternative logical thinking and could lead to the production of creative and emancipatory practices. In short, what could be seen as meaningless could also be regarded as emerging knowledge.
Abstract
Based on hints gathered in documents and observations, the aim of this work is to reveal emancipatory meanings present, though invisible or not fully realized in regulatory [...]
- 2
- read
Literacy and televisión like development structures for learninging Latinamerica
M. Cruz Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 213

Abstract
The culture of a community this every time but influenced by the social media.Through these means social behaviors, styles or forms are introduced of living. The information to arrive to be shared in real time by any inhabitant that has access to her through the radio, the TV., Internet... The idea of facilitating the communication allows to overcome big distances. These differences are subject, among other, to the territorial and space difficulties. In this sense, the communication participates of the literacy and the means with the new right settled down in the Constitution of each country. The right to the communication like one of the crucial tools of the democracy. The Literacy changes the content of the institutional education contributing a new sociopolitical element. The literacy produces the first concretion of the principle educational «education-work». This task is linked with the plans of economic activation. The literacy campaigns have a revolutionary character. These take place starting from the demands of a conscious town that he/she wants to be introduced in the knowledge and domain of the capacities of the lecto-writing, and in general, inside the Educational System. It is common to the literacy campaigns developed in Latin America the participation of the masses. The town alphabetizes and it educates to the town. The popular masses are those that educate through their organizations and in function of their own interests. Among other experiences of communication of masses, in short by means of the use of the TV, we want to highlight the following experiences, channels and programs linked to the current literacy campaigns in the Latin American countries: Chain of Public Community Television Lives TV; The Program of Literacy Alpha-TV (Michoacán); The Class of Literacy and Education for Young and Adults of the IPLAC (Institute Pedagogic Latin American and Caribbean) with headquarters in Havana. With the Programs of Literacy for Radio and TV is sought to impact in the reduction of the indexes of illiteracy. It is also wanted to facilitate an access to the Basic Education and the Permanent Education. This is an objective assumed collectively in the Marco of Action of Dakar, and the agreements of the Conference of Minister from Cochabamba.
Abstract
The culture of a community this every time but influenced by the social media.Through these means social behaviors, styles or forms are introduced of living. The information [...]
- 2
- read
Setting audiovisual creation between teachers and trainers
R. Huerta Ramón

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 212

Abstract
This paper states the need to initiate teachers in the use of the camera, edition and audiovisual production, previous to the introduction of such elements and procedures in the syllabus. In our research, we have argued that syllabus innovations should entail a suitable training option considering the key transmission element: the trainer. Trainers know about television and audiovisual media, especially as spectators. If we wish teachers to introduce a televisual and audiovisual culture we should offer them new support mechanisms. This network of relations can be checked at the crucial time of the trainers’ initial training. If there is no previous contact with camera and edition, it will be extremely difficult for the teacher to be able to properly handle the theoretical concepts ruling television language, and consequently, an important part of visual culture.
Abstract
This paper states the need to initiate teachers in the use of the camera, edition and audiovisual production, previous to the introduction of such elements and procedures [...]
- 3
- read
Television, disabled people and formative curriculum of the teachers
M. López González, M. López González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 211

Abstract
In this paper one presents the development and some results of a practical activity that forms a part of the formative program of students of Teaching, in relation to the subject «Psycho-pedagogic Bases of the Special Education». The activity supposes the utilization of the television as curricular resource and we it come leading to end for years, which experience allows us to recount some methodological considerations and think about its results. The activity includes a double slope. On one hand, to study the images of the disabled people projected in the television, as important mass media that determines the mental representation and social attitudes in relation with this group. On the other hand, to use the formative content of diverse programs that presents, from different perspectives or approaches, the reality of the persons with disability or people with educational special needs.
Abstract
In this paper one presents the development and some results of a practical activity that forms a part of the formative program of students of Teaching, in relation to the [...]
- 0
- read
The television in the novice teacher's formation at the university
O. Ramírez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 210

Abstract
The initial formation of the professors allows to know in a superficial way the value of television like an aid audiovisual applicable to teaching, but in the current circumstances in those that the educational demand in a society like the Venezuelan is required to use those means that allow that the teaching offers learning opportunities to more people, without Iowering the quality and significance of learnings. It gives us the purpose to study in depth the alternatives related to audiovisual means for the teaching that allow us to reach objectives guided toward the mentioned goal. In this sense, the television is a didactic resource with elements that contain a great educational potential through didactic objectives that allow to take advantage of their qualities as for the content or messages, and the space saving and time for its application. Through a very organized and based television, knowledge cannot only take place, but also to guide their use and to facilitate the application of that learning results, and a production technically well elaborated and adjusted to the limits of time that he/she has an university professor, it could be part of what is the plan of professional formation that a professor that begins in the university, takes only formation in the area of knowledge that he teaches (engineers, doctors, economists), lacking didactic formation. This formation could be one of the most important objectives in a program directed to the professors that don't know how to structure and to develop a teaching process and learning, and much less how to evaluate and to reorient its programs spreading to develop routines for a lot of time, while through television easily could recognize the expiration of the messages or contents in the materials that take place and they use, being able to not change them in short periods bigger than five years. The didactic objectives of the television programs will facilitate the answers of the how, when, what and why to teach, besides presenting a field experiencial that supplements and it illustrates the reality. The combination of images and sounds will contribute with the didactic objectives of the programs and they will serve so much of initial motivation as for the programmatic development, improving the possibilities of the students' achievement. It is very important that use as source images that can be used or extracted by Internet, or designed by computers, which will be basic source of the information to transform the words into elements of second order. Therefore, the sequence of the images will be a decisive aspect in the programs and later on the words will be added that will conform the script, logically incorporate for this context. In such a sense, the elaboration of the scripts will be very careful particularly according to the group to which will attend , satisfying its didactic necessities, also allowing to generate the motivation and to win the trust of the audience or the student and looking for in all moment the balance of the theoretical elements, the human aspects and the evaluation that it is made previously at the mean time of the scripts that he/she takes advantage the current resources of technical, human and economical resources of the University of The Andes (Venezuela).
Abstract
The initial formation of the professors allows to know in a superficial way the value of television like an aid audiovisual applicable to teaching, but in the current circumstances [...]
- 0
- read
Television and university: a meeting for the reflection and the training of the future teachers
J. Casanova Correa, F. Pavón Rabasco

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 209

Abstract
Using audiovisual aids and information technologies in our educational system has a slow trajectory in the different educational levels. It seems as if the attempts of using them as didactical resources had been no effective. We are yet depending on the wills of the University teaching staff to use them without a real institutional support. It´s true that we are witnessing a great introduction at the University of these technologies, but we can see that profitability is more considered than didactical reasons. In the last years, the University Authorities want us to learn the use of digital platforms or to show students evaluation in formato web. The first point allows the incorporation of virtual students (bigger global amount of students with less costs: reductions in use of classrooms and other services). The second point gives more control and less storage of official documents with student´s evaluations. All things considered, the defence of the didactical profits of educational technologies haven´t been enough to be something of general use. It´s now, once we have understood the profitability they can give us, nor as learning mediator but as a way to organize educational services, that we have to use them perforce or to suffer the established consecuences. As in other studying levels, we use these resources in a limited way. In this communication we are going to show part of an experience of using this information technologies in our subjects. We describe the used resources an, after this, the way we used them. Some of them are films, other documents from our Centre Library, recordings of television programs (interviews, debates…). At last, we gather the opinion or our students with an anonymous questionnaire. The evaluation results of this project has been very satisfactory in two ways: the use of information technologies and the facilities that they give to the learning and teaching process.
Abstract
Using audiovisual aids and information technologies in our educational system has a slow trajectory in the different educational levels. It seems as if the attempts of using [...]
- 1
- read
The challenge within the mass-media’s affaire: a change inside the representations which constructs knowledge
W. Temporelli

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 208

Abstract
As in its time, printing, and nowadays Internet, TV has contributed to the birth of new educational scenarios and at the same time has generated a new structure in communication between human beings. If we take José Manuel Pérez Tornero’s statement: «… tension between knowledge engendered within school and the one produce outside this one, has been increasing in detriment of the first one», then we can’t denied that TV has challenged flexibility and creativity in our society, and particularly in our educational institutions, in order to acknowledge the new technological phenomenon. If we take account that every new technology creates crisis in the paradigms and subsequently re-constructs the mental representations of the human beings, is it not the time of seriously thinking that a new infant-subject exists, more in concurrence with our times, and re-define wich are the more precise and coherent educational practices in our new reality? School is a technology specifically shaped to hold what we think as formal scholar education. In itself is an artificial construction, that have a tendency to re-create simulated activities as if they were real, under a scholar learning form so that, when is incorporated, students may use it in a different context than school, more real and on a daily basis. Academic situations are measured by a more qualify subject named teacher, who posses not only the tools and strategies to improve knowledge construction, but the intentions to consciously used them with that purpose. On the contrary, who works in TV dedicated to children is functioning as an educator, although socially is incapable to perform this role, or even is not consciously intending to do this. The intersection field between education systems and TV, generates a gap that needs a reconsideration.
Abstract
As in its time, printing, and nowadays Internet, TV has contributed to the birth of new educational scenarios and at the same time has generated a new structure in communication [...]
- 1
- read
A new motivation: the television in the school
A. Fernandes Gonçalves

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 207

Abstract
The present article is about the presence of the tv in the society, in general, and its potential as an important agent, such as the family and the school, on the children’s and young people’s development and education. Nowadays we live in a complex world of images with sound, the most of them transmitted by the tv, the cinema and the internet. The infantile universe is full of those images. This way we structured this article in four parts, refering some of the contents related with this subject. The first part describes the presence of the television in the children's daylife and their relationship with the magic box, even the identification that they make with its favourites characters, in order to understand the space that the TV occupies in their lives. The second part presents the different messages transmitted by the television. It is important to analyze the main risks and advantages of television, that is to say, in spite of some programs show bad values, foment the excessive consumption, expose the children to an atmosphere of violence and pornography, also entertains, accompanies, educates, informs, favours the access to the culture and allows to unite the family around a program. At last the third part, this one outlines the necessity to put the tele as a curricular resource in the school, to teaches the students how to analyze, how to criticize and to think about the texts and the news of the world today. The television, considered a powerful tool, is decisive in the communication, such in the formation of values and ideas as in the culture transmission. The function of the school is not to remain far from this factor, but to try to meditate, to understand and to decide its impact, in a better way, on the development of the children and youngs. As conclusion we can add that we’ve tried to aim some strategies that educators and parents will be able to work, united to the children and the youngs, so they could have a new look of the Tv’s world and that they could know how to make their own selection and how to have a critical attitude before the watched product.
Abstract
The present article is about the presence of the tv in the society, in general, and its potential as an important agent, such as the family and the school, on the children’s [...]
- 1
- read
From TV at school towards TV for school
J. del Pino Ruiz, F. Martínez Ruiz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 206

Abstract
Since TV became popular and with the introduction of Video players and DVD Players the key question was how and in which areas we can use TV in our daily teaching. The USA is the world leader in this field, as not only all public and private schools all over the country count with a TV set in each classroom, but lots of channels and companies produce audiovisual material and TV programmes with educational purposes. In Europe, it has been the British BBC the clear referent when talking about educational TV channels, followed in the last years by educational TV stations in Sweden, France and the Netherlands.
Abstract
Since TV became popular and with the introduction of Video players and DVD Players the key question was how and in which areas we can use TV in our daily teaching. The USA [...]
- 0
- read
TV and School: understanding communicative ecosystem
E. Gutiérrez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 205

Abstract
When television begins to be part of the communicative regime en 20th century society, it has had a long process of insertion, appropriation and use. This process acts complementary or opposite to another elements of established communicative ecosystem. This article points to show how a reduced version that have seen only an instrumental use or merely direct effects or influences between television and school have lost the way as those tensions have changed the howl communicative ecosystem. Then, more than instrumentalization or right uses of media we must board the social production of significance field generated by that tensions, and the location where it can be identified changes suffered by communicative ecosystem and transformations in hegemonic power inside epoch communicative regime.
Abstract
When television begins to be part of the communicative regime en 20th century society, it has had a long process of insertion, appropriation and use. This process acts complementary [...]
- 1
- read
To persuade or to educate: TV’s Role in the global village
F. Jiménez Pérez, N. Vela González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 204

Abstract
This present work analyses the western democracies’ dependence on the mass media that isconcentrated in a few wealthy hands and therefore the development of media mechanisms of social persuasion and control. This analysis proposes that, with television occupying the central role, there is an imposition of a repetitive and omnipresent mass culture that foments automatic reactions and behaviour patterns, turning the message into a reality show full of emotional and dramatic meaning that depends on a single thought that is guided by economic market criteria. Faced with such a panorama the possibility arises of the development of a truly democratic and participatory society that could serve as a means of education and knowledge within the global village.
Abstract
This present work analyses the western democracies’ dependence on the mass media that isconcentrated in a few wealthy hands and therefore the development of media mechanisms [...]
- 2
- read
New forms to watch: New forms to teach to watch
E. Jiménez Tenza, M. Cabrera González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 203

Abstract
The society of the information in that we lived influences in each one of us and specially in the young people, which forces to think to us on which we are contributing from the educational point of view, in order to obtain the material harmony of the values, resources, the possibilities of future, etc., that coexists with mass media. It is task of this investigation to analyze the present relation of the young people with our means, how it can affect this one to the scholastic development, and really to its development like people formed and critics. The objectives of the present work they are framed in the importance that the mass media can have in our society. The relation between the contents and values is an analysis that it can help us to understand the question. For mass media it can be important a referring one that it allows them to give a turn in the messages that they try to arrive at the youngest public, too.
Abstract
The society of the information in that we lived influences in each one of us and specially in the young people, which forces to think to us on which we are contributing from [...]
- 1
- read
Teaching how to watch television
M. Carrillo García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 202

Abstract
The following essay presents an amount of activities called “Teaching to watch television”. The main goal of these activities is teaching several learning strategies that could provide students with a critical thought about Television. This educative program can be practised in all the different stages of education, from primary to adult education. Previously, we can make a survey with the students, as initial evaluation, in order to know their habits with television; and finally we can make a final evaluation in order to check their achievements.
Abstract
The following essay presents an amount of activities called “Teaching to watch television”. The main goal of these activities is teaching several learning strategies that [...]
- 1
- read
A digital television-based program in Media Education
F. Tucho Fernández

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 201

Abstract
In the near future, all television will be digital. Nowadays, indeed, digital television is already very common in most of our society. Thus, Media Education should include this new media within its studies. In this paper, we make a proposal for such integration, aiming to fulfill the Media Education’s goal of educating for the ever changing environment that we live in.
Abstract
In the near future, all television will be digital. Nowadays, indeed, digital television is already very common in most of our society. Thus, Media Education should include [...]
- 2
- read
Educating media competence: new ways of consumption and educational perspectives
P. Rivoltella

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 200

Abstract
This contribution is about media competence and the modalities with which to develop it in media educators and consumers education. The concept of media competence is a very important one in Media Education practice: it refers to critical thinking and autonomous relationship between subjects and media. Starting from an analysis of the concept, it will be possible to talk about a sensible transition from an emphasis about text analysis and semiotic methodologies to a new attention about a broad-band system of competencies into which the real focus is the development of metacompetencies.
Abstract
This contribution is about media competence and the modalities with which to develop it in media educators and consumers education. The concept of media competence is a very [...]
- 2
- read
The disassociation between television and education
J. Pelechá i Pons

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 199

Abstract
Today’s youth lives leaping between two differing environments: that of mass culture technologies, fundamentally television, and that of educational institutions. Teaching staff is faced with the challenge of integrating school-aged youth into the social and educational medium and into a basic awareness of their cultural surroundings; regardless of their social, familial or cultural status. In our media system the educational body is unaided by the most powerful media: television. A (re) orientation towards television becomes of utmost importance; at the very least a change of strategy to make this media into a tool of which, beyond its role in escapism, entertainment and fun, are demanded changes in its educational aims. In addition, television subjects in keeping with the educational curriculum should be asked for with the aim of incorporating critical education in communication as an habitual and realistic activity in learning centres.
Abstract
Today’s youth lives leaping between two differing environments: that of mass culture technologies, fundamentally television, and that of educational institutions. Teaching [...]
- 3
- read
Television and education, partners on the verge of hysteria
M. Clarembeaux

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 198

Abstract
When television first appeared, many educators and teachers imagined it would bring them help and assistance. It was indeed considered as the promise of valuable teaching material. But desillusion quickly came… and even rejection. This new opium of the people wouldn’t play the part it was supposed to play in the class room. The television we would have dreamed of was definitely not that one… Yet, with the help of media education, it may bring us some interesting illustration of what media products are, even if we think of TV programs like commercials, telereality or the news where information and communication are often mixed up. Analysing such products with our students can bring them to a more critical eye and independence. This trash TV is able to bring them a lot if we are ourselves able to train them to analyse these programs and to stand back from mediatic confusions and drifts. Moreover, doing so, we shall take their own mediatic culture as a starting point, which seems essential to us. So, their television might become the television we want… as educators.
Abstract
When television first appeared, many educators and teachers imagined it would bring them help and assistance. It was indeed considered as the promise of valuable teaching [...]
- 1
- read
Studies of collaborative audio-visual cases on educational television as education’s methodologies in European space of higher education
P. Román Graván, S. Domene Martos, J. Fernández Batanero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 197

Abstract
The work that we presented is a part of one activity with students of third of Pedagogy studies of the Faculty of Sciences of the Education of the University of Seville. This consists in the accomplishment of three audio-visual studies of case related to the subject of Educative Technology. But concretely, three vídeos were produced in DVD with the thematic of the educative television, so commented today in day because to the great proliferation of programs sweepings that exists in our television. We have used the vídeo with the intention of which the students developed what we think that must be a competition of pedagogy: programmer of learning scenes. For this reason, they have created short recordings as a comic to illustrate what is correct to do with the television and what no, trying to teach to the people with television and in the television. Under defence of the reforms of the qualifications inside the European Space of High Education, are defined the competitions of the future pedagogue: to know how and to know are designed the educative resources, by means of the concept of study of cases and with all the steps that must follow to elaborate a didactic vídeo (the technical script, the literary one, the leaf of filming, the recording, the edition etc.) the students have demonstrated to be perfectly enabled when finalizing their works. This investigation has tried to demonstrate like the work with educative resources and educative materials, in concrete the vídeo, it favours the learning of the students, motivates them to work in group. Also we try to describe, no only the advantages, but also the problems or disadvantages that working entails following this dynamic of work, working with lack of knowledge and skills design, production, postproduction and evaluation of audiovisual resources. Also, we have show that as the acquired learning by the students through audiovisual studies of case, like their evaluations, is not an easy task, not has a unique answer. In this task, we think that a series of alternatives must come together to select by the professor in function of the objectives that persecutes the course and of the modality and type of learning in which we are practicing. Is peculiar as the students rise throughout the vídeos questions about the diverse behaviours that usually occur, for example, at home when the children want to see a certain program or a series, and the parents forbid it. Questions that parents and educators become all the days are: how the television must see the parents with their children?, what things can do and what must do with the television?, what things cannot do with the television?, the television is objective?, how can be solved to the lack or the absence of objectivity of the television?, why or so that is used the television in the classrooms?, what is the educative television?
Abstract
The work that we presented is a part of one activity with students of third of Pedagogy studies of the Faculty of Sciences of the Education of the University of Seville. This [...]
- 1
- read
Social popular movements from critical reading of television contents
M. de Souza, I. Bueno

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 196

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to reflect on the tv contents refering to popular social movements in Brazil from a TV critical reading with enphasis on the Landless Rural Workers Movement. (MST) due to its relevant presence in the Bazilian society since the decade of 1980. From the decade of 1980, the MST conquered space on the main newspapers pages in Brazil as well as on the TV networks, as Globo network, the major audience in the country. It is evident in the country democratization context the space social movements have been getting in the media; otherwise, the democratization process of information has been slow, since the images and contents selected to be presented bear the ideology that priorizes values related to the property. From the analysis of the contents distributed on TV about the Landless Parade to Brasilia, this year, we will reflect on education and communication, trying to demonstrate how the social movement develops its emancipatory educational aspect via community radio and how TV can be a resource used to enrich curriculum, particularly in discussions about land concentration in the country or how TV can be a medium of dominant ideology knowledge diffusion, therefore, it contributes to prejudice against popular movements. Considering that Brazil is a country which has a significant number of illiterates (complete or functional), the question is: which is the contributionof TV to people critical formation regarding the popular movement? TV has been suffering the democratization process in terms of information distribution, even because of the hard action of social movements in the search of visibility; but the contents, to which interests do the words used in the news documentaries and the images priorized answer? In a period of so many proposals and reflections about critical education and information circulation in real time, how can TV contribute to human formation in a critical view? What is the importance of the educator critical formation in the work with TV contents in the classroom? From the Castell’s (1999) ideas about the social movements in the complex societies and informalization? We will weave an analysis of the MST by the TV images and the possibilities in the schooling curriculum. From Martin-Barbero’s (2002), Morán’s (1993), Souza’s (1995) and Soares’s (1996) ideas on education, communication and reception, mainly in hybrid cultures as Latin American ones, we will reflect on the need of the educator formation on mass media critical reading, particularly of TV, aiming to indicate guidelines to work with TV as a positive educational medium regarding the change of value of the social movements.
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to reflect on the tv contents refering to popular social movements in Brazil from a TV critical reading with enphasis on the Landless Rural Workers [...]
- 0
- read
Educative TV: «Sesame Street» as a practical example
J. del Campo, V. Vegazo, A. Macías Macías

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 195

Abstract
Nowadays television is a hard war of audiences and profits. In this world, there is no space for educative television and the grid is only made from an economical point of view. Television is a really important mass media (problably the most important) and it is important to use it on an educative way in order to improve and to fix the knowledge reached at school. The knowledge explained by television is closer to children than adults and teachers explanations. The characters used on this kind of programmes made the learning process easier and funnier. A perfect example of this way of teaching is Seame Street.
Abstract
Nowadays television is a hard war of audiences and profits. In this world, there is no space for educative television and the grid is only made from an economical point of [...]
- 0
- read
Educative television as a university methodological strategy
J. Suárez, W. Navas Montes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 194

Abstract
The universities have the responsibility to prove to the society that there is a different way to produce prime television and to help to their students to grow up into the situation society-mass media. The universities produce knowledge and generate a different attitude to face problems. The universities of this century must be reinvented by their own and not continue being a closed circle where some of them are dealing with the knowledge. The universities must become in a center for discussion in order to find the true and a better way of living, this effort could be by TV programs of different branches of knowledge by specialists in those subjects.
Abstract
The universities have the responsibility to prove to the society that there is a different way to produce prime television and to help to their students to grow up into the [...]
- 1
- read
Is it an educational television in the digital multibroadcast age possible
M. Francés i Domènec

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 193

Abstract
The television history has treated the educational system in an unequal form. The public European televisions have played a key role especially in the paleotelevision time, coinciding with the introduction of the educational television. Reductions in cultural and educational programs arrived in the 80s. When public televisions undertake television commercialization the situation worsen with the protagonism of the audience measurements and the brand loyalty. Today, the new increasingly fragmented television, the multimedia industry and internet have many things to say to educate a new society that needs permanent learning and revising by means of comfortable multibroadcast solutions.
Abstract
The television history has treated the educational system in an unequal form. The public European televisions have played a key role especially in the paleotelevision time, [...]
- 0
- read
From an educational TV in a global sense to an educational TV in a strict sense
A. Walzer Moskovic

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 192

Abstract
During the last years, Spain pased thrugh a gradual and persistent deterioration of TV´s contents. The public TV (RTVE) reform, the creation of an Autroregulation Commission in November 2004 and the growth of the discontent shown by certain sectors of the public opinion, conform a new panorama and are an excellent opportunity for the future of our television, our society, our education and our culture. Those who have struggled many years for a television serving people´s education, have now not only the opportunity to claim an educational TV in a general sense, but an educational TV in a strict sense.
Abstract
During the last years, Spain pased thrugh a gradual and persistent deterioration of TV´s contents. The public TV (RTVE) reform, the creation of an Autroregulation Commission [...]
- 1
- read
Lessons of Brazilian television to build a concept of quality TV: focus, the TV program Pânico na TV!
S. Gomes Lourenço

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 191

Abstract
When specialists from the whole world are invited to think over «the television we want», we can’t stop thinking, once more, about the mannerism of Brazilian television, created in 1950, thanks to the efforts of Assis Chateaubriand, and widely broadcast since 1965, with the foundation of Rede Globo, that had become a real phenomenon of mass communication, capable to contribute to form a national identity beating private capital interests. Not leaving behind all the critics that commercial television in Brazil may deserve, we cannot deny the role of comprehension and acquisition of a «quality TV», though. We find on it, with effect, the success and the national role of a great television watched by every social class, and for its program variety constituting a powerful social integration factor (Wolton, 1996). To understand the role that television takes in our society, we propose a movement to close up Communication, Education and Culture, making educators and professionals linked to educative communication think about television as a reference to build new ethics and as a producer of stetics slightly noticed, yet. To try to take this proposition on, we have chosen a TV program of REDETV! nowadays an audience phenomenon in Brazil, surprising even experienced professionals of television, to analysis and reflection: Pânico na TV! (Panic on TV!). The TV program lasts 90 minutes and it is on at 6 p.m. on Sundays, with a repeat on Fridays (11p.m.).Some sketches are steady and new ones come every week.Besides the creativity and spontaneity of the hosts and a chaotic scenario, the show surprises for the intelligent sense of humor, but politically incorrect and tolerated for the audience.Satires, tricks, news comments, news outside the studio like parties break ins or people approach in the streets, are some of the strategies of the show.Images of the daily show on Jovem Pan radio are also used on TV. According to our point of view, the success of the TV program Pânico na TV! is the expression of a society based on oral communication and image, and not on knowledge and rationality speech.The acquisition of knowledge by the image and its oral broadcast are the origin of a kind of different intersubjectivity of that based on speech and reason.In the field of information, just like the field of advertising and entertainment, the social effects of the television can be better understood from the logic of the emotions, the triggers of unconsciousness and inadvertent communications. (Ferrés, 1998).This would be the key to figure out the Brazilian TV phenomenon. And these are the aspects that we intend to discuss in this debate on the TV quality we want.
Abstract
When specialists from the whole world are invited to think over «the television we want», we can’t stop thinking, once more, about the mannerism of Brazilian television, [...]
- 1
- read
For a quality drama on television: the second golden age of North American television
M. Castro Rodríguez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 190

Abstract
This paper vindicates the current US television drama as an example of quality television able to entertain the audience and to stimulate its intelligence as well with complex dramatic structures and thematic density. The starting point is Robert S. Thompson's statement that in the eighties the US television began his second golden age. Next we will analyze four network dramas, two remarkable for their thematic quality (The west wing and Buffy, the vampire slayer) and two for their fascinating plot structures (24 and Lost).
Abstract
This paper vindicates the current US television drama as an example of quality television able to entertain the audience and to stimulate its intelligence as well with complex [...]
- 11
- read
The law of Social Responsibility and the quality of the television in Venezuela
E. Moraleses, L. González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 189

Abstract
The approval of the Law of Social Responsibility in Radio and Television to regulate the programmatic contents of the private television transmitters caused a collective debate. After that discussion, it is possible to be affirmed that the general intention of the Law is to order the operation of regional and national mass media, to take care of the quality of the programmatic content and to fill a legal emptiness in relation to a so strategic matter. The content of the Law means allows the public discussion of innovating procedures that can modify the interactions between the citizens and the average ones to obtain greater quality in the content of their habitual programming.
Abstract
The approval of the Law of Social Responsibility in Radio and Television to regulate the programmatic contents of the private television transmitters caused a collective debate. [...]
- 1
- read
Argentine television programming and the absent state: companies vs citizens´rights
M. Luna

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 188

Abstract
In a context where television programs are becoming more and more defined by concepts such as Marketing and Consumption due to the fact that the audiovisual business is in the hands of a few companies, many of which are made up of international capital funds, the need for a state acting as regulator of activities leading to quality TV programming is evident. This presentation aims to explain the main characteristics of Argentine TV programming as a consequence of the privatization process which has brought about the appearance of Multimedia to explain the role the State should play in order to protect the citizens.
Abstract
In a context where television programs are becoming more and more defined by concepts such as Marketing and Consumption due to the fact that the audiovisual business is in [...]
- 0
- read
Towards an index of television quality: an Argentinian experience
M. Farré

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 187

Abstract
One of the main objectives of this research has been to measure the quality of television programmes. The results that have been achieved give a symptomatic description of television nowadays. However, the most significant contribution lies in finding some specific and objectively acknowledged indicators in the field, in order to strive for and reach quality, if this is desired. The demand for better quality in television is neither new nor uniform, because different groups and sectors in society have been complaining for years against the presence of «junk television». This general dislike is addressed by the very same object -television- but with different requirements. The academic community, foundations, educational institutions as well as family associations and other groups show their concern for the kinds of representations of the world portrayed on the screen. Furthermore, mass media professionals and advertising companies also express a desire for a better quality in the products they support. Although it is hard to define «quality», as it seems a subjective term and of wide denotation, there is data that shows constant indicators and other criteria that could be complementary. Surprisingly, one of the main constants in defining television quality is that it should transmit positive values to society, such as tolerance, justice, peace (in opposition to any kind of violence whether physical or verbal), respect for diversity and protection of the weak. Other criteria emphasize professionalism (accuracy) and artistic quality. But above all, the value of diversity is highlighted (plurality in all aspects, in the content and format of the programmes). Critics are worried about every kind of distortion between television and the experiences of most parts of society, such as unimaginable situations or the massive presence of disintegrated families and magic denouement to character conflicts. Also, people without noble aims seem to cover the «real world», if the situations that dominate the screen at rating time are considered. Little time is left to display personal willingness, values that motivate action, the search for common welfare or for a fairer society. It is positively surprising that some businessmen from the mass media or advertising companies have stated their commitment to social values, even in written form, in agreements or in their business policies. Due to this, it is important and urgent not only to ask for coherence to the sectors that are responsible for the topics that are displayed on the screen but also to foster audience education so that it is the same audience that can be in charge of this demand. Many critics think that the agreement is impossible if those who produce television only consider the business and technical interest and forget two equally important aspects: on the one hand the function that television has in a democratic society and on the other hand, the consequences of a product of poor quality, beyond a high but short-termed rating. Reception research has shown that public behaves following two simultaneous logics that theyperfectly distinguish: the logic of television usage (what the public chooses to watch) and the logic of judgement (the public’s reflection on what they watch and their verdict).Hence, a programe with high rating is not a success if what really matters is the fidelity it achieves and the positive assessment of its quality. This index of television quality proposal can, therefore, be a contribution to achieve quality.
Abstract
One of the main objectives of this research has been to measure the quality of television programmes. The results that have been achieved give a symptomatic description of [...]
- 2
- read
Discussion of parameters of quality to analyse Portuguese TV 2 programmes
G. Borges

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 186

Abstract
From the perspective of the studies of quality in public service television, this paper intends to discuss some parameters of quality in order to analyse the TV programmes Quiosque and Diário de Sofia, designed for children and teenager audiences and broadcast by the 2nd channel of the Portuguese Radio and Television-RTP. Considering television potential to broadcast creative programmes and to offer different experiences to audiences, the paper will analyse the aesthetic qualities of the programmes and their contributions to enhance the cultural repertoire of children and teenagers.
Abstract
From the perspective of the studies of quality in public service television, this paper intends to discuss some parameters of quality in order to analyse the TV programmes [...]
- 1
- read
Quality television: actions and good practices in the Italian TV
A. Carenzio

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 185

Abstract
Quality television in Italy can be considered as one of the most discussed themes in formal and informal situations, gaining in the last decade the place of a common topic and running the risk of becoming just a reason of complaining, rather than a serious matter concerning democracy. The approach to the question is very heterogeneous and contradictory. On one hand, quality seems to be a priority both for public and private networks. On the other, as in many other countries worldwide, children and adolescents are now one of the greatest commercial targets, since they have become powerful consumers. The question seems to be much more commercial rather than social or education oriented. This communication intends to gather some of the aspects related to quality television, starting from a short description of the Italian context and the policies to promote the concept of quality, concluding with the analysis of two different Italian programs that can be quoted as «quality television».
Abstract
Quality television in Italy can be considered as one of the most discussed themes in formal and informal situations, gaining in the last decade the place of a common topic [...]
- 1
- read
Television in Europe: analysis and comparison of the main public television channels in six countries
G. Camáñez García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 184

Abstract
A brief description of the contents shown in public channels ARD and ZDF in Germany; TVE1, La2, Canal Sur, TV3, ETB-2, TVG, TVM, C9, TV Canarias and CMT in Spain; France 2 and France 3 in France; Rai 1, Rai 2 and Rai 3 in Italy; RTP1 and RPT2 in Portugal; and BBC1 and BBC2 in United Kingdom, is what this work will consist off. It pretends to give cohesion to the European cultural identity and give an idea of what public televisions are nowadays and where the Television we want can go.
Abstract
A brief description of the contents shown in public channels ARD and ZDF in Germany; TVE1, La2, Canal Sur, TV3, ETB-2, TVG, TVM, C9, TV Canarias and CMT in Spain; France 2 [...]
- 1
- read
A proposal for the evaluation of television quality formats
C. Moreno Castro, M. de la Fuente Soler

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 183

Abstract
In this talk we will attempt to measure the quality of audio-visual contents broadcast in mainstream television. If we examine the regulations on the contents of television, the statutes of public television, higher level legislation and European guidelines, we will find articles that seem reasonable and are easily applicable in order that certain standards may be applied. However, in Spain, the quality of television broadcasting is generally of low quality.
Abstract
In this talk we will attempt to measure the quality of audio-visual contents broadcast in mainstream television. If we examine the regulations on the contents of television, [...]
- 1
- read
Value analysis and audiovisual production quality
J. del Valle Suárez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 182

Abstract
If we attend to the way TV programmes are designed, produced and broadcasted, we realize that their design, in many cases, is intended not to the neccessities and expectations of those to whom is aimed, namely, the televison viewers, but to the artistic taste of the proprer designer. In addition, we suspect that, too often, the transition from the Idea to the Product is carried out intuitively and without any methodology. If motor industry designed cars and sold them in the same manner we do TV programmes, it would fall into a deep crisis a long time ago. In general terms, any industry can afford to design its products by the trial and error method; far from it, they start from the study of the neccessities of potential customers in order to reach, by a logical proccess, the final design. In the audiovisual industry, the product is designed, more often than recommendable, before it is known to whom it will be sold, what time it will be broadcasted, which is the viewer sociodemographic profile and what he or she expects from TV. Applying Value Analysis techniques, which are well-established industrywide, would help to recover from this rift between viewers and designers, and to achieve the ideal balance between the customer neccessities and expectations and the TV programme conceptual design, as well as all the production factors. This way, it would guarantee at the same time the two aspects of quality: Conformity Quality and Design Quality.
Abstract
If we attend to the way TV programmes are designed, produced and broadcasted, we realize that their design, in many cases, is intended not to the neccessities and expectations [...]
- 0
- read
Reality shows: how to exploit a TV genre
D. Maestre Delgado

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 181

Abstract
Doubtless, one of the most useful t v g enres is what is called «reality show», which has been placed everywhere. It is becoming the preminently t v g enre due to some common components such as the meddling in daily life, the enclosing and so on. This kind of televising circus has a great repercussion on society. Moreover, it is a worrying aspect since the educative point of view. The values, attitudes, behaviour, language and more several items used on those programmes, make so difficult the process of teaching-learning. Thus, this writing goes throught the history of this genre, as well as its definition, its future and why it can be successful and how it has a repercussion on society and, specially, on school.
Abstract
Doubtless, one of the most useful t v g enres is what is called «reality show», which has been placed everywhere. It is becoming the preminently t v g enre due to some common [...]
- 5
- read
Television fiction and generation representation: old people models in national TV series
J. López Téllez, F. Cuenca García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 180

Abstract
This investigation propounds an analysis of the role of old people in fiction series produced by national channels in Spain. The objective is to know the characteristics of the old people model or models stated or transmitted by these fiction series. In getting that, we have used, as a working methodology, the actantial structure from Greimas´Narrative Grammar. Combining this methodology with aspects from content analysis, the investigation gives us a first approximation to the study of this subject.
Abstract
This investigation propounds an analysis of the role of old people in fiction series produced by national channels in Spain. The objective is to know the characteristics of [...]
- 1
- read
Six feet Under, a quality series: narrative analysis of the pilot program
M. Huerta Floriano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 179

Abstract
Following the success of the film American Beauty, in 2000, the script writer and producer Alan Ball created the series Six feet under for HBO, the cable television channel. The awards, recognition and excellent reviews, as well as the national and international public response, have confered the series with a seal of unanimous approval. But, why is Six feet under a quality series? What do we mean by that? What are the basic features that explains such a great welcome throughout the world? Our purpose is to address these and other questions through the narrative analysis of the pilot program. First of all, the program welcomes its potential audience and introduces them to its most characteristic features. But, at the same time, it sets the distinctive traits of a serialized discourse with long-lasting prospects. As such, that first program is the prototype of the product's expressive personality and creates the genetic map that will guide its development before the public's watchful eye. For all those reasons, we feel we should reflect on the more outstanding narrative aspects of Six feet under's first program. In particular, we are proposing an analysis centered around the building of the dramatic tenor of the series, in the introduction of the characters, in the establishment of exclusive singularities, in the parameters of the story structure and in the introduction of the plot being developed continuously from the start and that will help to put together the narrative framework for the present season and even future ones – that's why they are known in some circles as horizontal plots -. Likewise, we will dwell on those aspects related with the subject matter at hand. We shall definitely try to untangle the reasons why Six feet under is considered as a clear show of quality television, with a blend of black humour and drama, of custom and fantasy, of the common and the strange.
Abstract
Following the success of the film American Beauty, in 2000, the script writer and producer Alan Ball created the series Six feet under for HBO, the cable television channel. [...]
- 3
- read
The TV series pilot: analysis of «Aída», the first spanish spin off
P. Sangro Colón

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 178

Abstract
This paper studies the importance of the design and construction of the pilot episode in a TV series (that is, the first completely produced episode that reaches the audience in a broadcast). We work on the principle that, due to the structure of the Spanish TV market, no new television product stays on the air if, after four episodes, its share of audience is lower than the average rating of the channel. That is why, in the case of Spanish fiction TV series, achieving the audience's involvement and identification in the pilot episode becomes essential to guarantee, at least, its survival or make its success possible in the medium term. Therefore, the weight the creator or creators figure (the ones that must take the key narrative, esthetical and production decisions) gains in the production should not be surprising. Their task is, basically, the developing of the elements that confer quality on the pilot: the «tone», the «narrative structure», the «characters design» and the «distinguishing elements». As a practical case, our study proposes the analysis of the pilot episode of «Aida», as an example of a quality audiovisual production, as well as being the first Spanish spin off.
Abstract
This paper studies the importance of the design and construction of the pilot episode in a TV series (that is, the first completely produced episode that reaches the audience [...]
- 6
- read
The competition as quality gender on Spanish television
E. Guerrero Pérez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 177

Abstract
Television is entertainment. Nowadays the TV show business is identified to the concept of «trash television» to a greater extent. Nevertheless to entertain offering quality programmes is as respectable and necessary as to inform or educate. Among the immense miscellanea of entertainment genres, subgenres and formats, the game show stands out because of its noble spreading of values as the desire of being better and the stimulate of empathy and knowlodge. In spite of being in television since its birth, the game show has never disappeared of the schedule. The reason of this success is based on its structure and scheduling flexibility, its wide margins of profitability and on its capacity for involving to the audience in the programme itself. In Spain, the game show is one of the most frequent genres –since 1996, Spanish TV production companies have produced an average of more than 32 games each season, a number only overwhelmed by the local fiction (sitcoms and TV movies) - and its presence in the most watched programme ranking is constant in every television season.
Abstract
Television is entertainment. Nowadays the TV show business is identified to the concept of «trash television» to a greater extent. Nevertheless to entertain offering quality [...]
- 1
- read
Debates on television schedules and its use like a measure of programmes quality
J. Gutiérrez Lozano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 176

Abstract
The text claims for the recuperation of the debats in the schedules of the public channels in Spanish Televisions. It offers a resume of the development of this format through the last decades, and also presents a critic view of the contents, the anchors and the audiovisual ways of offering the controversial and dialogued generes in comercials and public tv´s.
Abstract
The text claims for the recuperation of the debats in the schedules of the public channels in Spanish Televisions. It offers a resume of the development of this format through [...]
- 1
- read
The programming quality of own production newscasts in the local radio broadcasting of Castilla and León
Z. Iglesias Cruz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 175

Abstract
Alter determining the exact number of local television stations in Castilla y León, through the personal elaboration of a census, in this communication we carry out a general description of the characteristics of the information broadcasted by those local TV. Afterwards, we show the main conclusions obtained from the empirical analysis of the news programs of own production of the local broadcasting in this region. An own production programming is a fundamental requisite for a local mass media to carry out an authentic communication of proximity. Through the study of the later, and particularly of the information, we can know the quality of the local communication of these stations.
Abstract
Alter determining the exact number of local television stations in Castilla y León, through the personal elaboration of a census, in this communication we carry out a general [...]
- 0
- read
«Other news» and spanish news: an analysis's proposal
P. Digón Regueiro

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 174

Abstract
The information society has seen the power of the media increase in size and influence. Advances in technology allow for the instantaneous transmission of vast amounts of information across the planet. However, despite the amount of information and media resources available, many of us question the extent of how informed we really are. Among the range of media, television holds supreme and imposes its rules on other media forms. Within this study the television genre of the news is analysed focusing on the role of the so called «soft news» or «other news» along with the function they perform in the transmission of the dominant social values.
Abstract
The information society has seen the power of the media increase in size and influence. Advances in technology allow for the instantaneous transmission of vast amounts of [...]
- 4
- read
From the illiteracies to the telerubbish: investigation on transition's processes
D. Rodríguez Mateos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 173

Abstract
I´m a teacher in the Adults Education Centre. I consider all the media we work are very stimulating for pupils. I think the media can be the best choice to participate avoiding our pasivity. The Media help learn new social ways of living. There are new forms of oral comunication experienced by teenagers, especially chat in internet. Media make oral language rich and adapt themselves to people changing circunstance in order to improve their own language. A web site should give a series of contents suitable for on line Media. Emotion is one of the most used resources for getting and maintening the viewer´s attention in audiovisual context. In the future, we will all be working from home, using computers, mobile phones, the internet, TV with NICAM digital stereo. I think we´ll be watching TV in the mobile phone. I can imagine having 500 television channels trasmitting into my home. We will be thinking about the new technology on our society.
Abstract
I´m a teacher in the Adults Education Centre. I consider all the media we work are very stimulating for pupils. I think the media can be the best choice to participate avoiding [...]
- 0
- read
Is television news an informative and educational programme or just a way of entertainment? or just a way of entertainment?
C. Marín Lladó

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 172

Abstract
The arrival of private TV channels and the Internet has brought about changes within news broadcasting in Spain . Whereas use of language was previously deemed essential to convey the message to the public, emphasis is now placed on the image the TV viewer receives. New technology and a desire to learn about the world around us has made these programmes a regular guaranteed feature within TV audience ratings for the channel. This report questions whether TV news should educate as well as inform, or simply entertain the viewer.
Abstract
The arrival of private TV channels and the Internet has brought about changes within news broadcasting in Spain . Whereas use of language was previously deemed essential to [...]
- 0
- read
TV news: weaknesses or manipulation?
J. Fernández Baena

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 171

Abstract
This work tries to answer some of the questions we ask ourselves everyday, whenever we make use of television to meet our information needs. The TV news programme, «that strange product», as Bourdieu would put it, «that suits everyone, that confirms already known things, and that above all leaves intact our mental structures», knocks on our door a few times a day and often we devote to it those important moments in our lives, in other words, the moments with the largest audience, the prime time. Understanding what happens around us means we have to assume the obligation to form ourselves in order to abandon the illusion that we live in that plural, free and democratic society that it is daily spread across the media.
Abstract
This work tries to answer some of the questions we ask ourselves everyday, whenever we make use of television to meet our information needs. The TV news programme, «that [...]
- 2
- read
Television and Information: analysis of television quality criteria in national channels news
J. López Téllez, F. Cuenca García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 170

Abstract
This essay develops a practical application of quality TV criteria to the study of national channels´ news bulletins. We have analysed them for a week in relation to quality criteria such as opinion diversity, technical accuracy, exposition clarity, distinction between information and promotion pieces or selection criteria. In conclusion, this study aims to make an analysis of the TV information we set from television and then compare it with quality TV criteria.
Abstract
This essay develops a practical application of quality TV criteria to the study of national channels´ news bulletins. We have analysed them for a week in relation to quality [...]
- 0
- read
Towards public broadcast 2.0.: BBC Creative Archive
D. Villar Onrubia

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 169

Abstract
This work reflects on the substantial change that has ocurred on the communicative models that were used in the past to establish the relationships between the media and the audience. These changes have to do with the development of the digital technologies and the consolidation of the Internet as a space of communication. In this sense, we explain the Creative Archive, a BBC project that has redefined the idea of «service» offered by the public televisions. This project aims to facilitate the access to «the archive» to the citizens of the UK through the Internet, everything under a proper legal framework based on the Creative Commons License.
Abstract
This work reflects on the substantial change that has ocurred on the communicative models that were used in the past to establish the relationships between the media and the [...]
- 1
- read
The TV contents and the social control of its quality: the weblogs, a new interactive tool
F. Ruiz San Miguel, S. Blanco

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 168

Abstract
Nowadays the tv media are in the face of an emergent phenomenon as it is the appearance of a new no organic lobby that questions the veracity of the television contents exercising at the time a strong quality control on the same ones. It is the new inspection of the interactive screen (computer-internet) above the directive screen (television). That that up to now was a passive viewer, subject of a vertical and hierarchical communication, passes to be involved in the information that receives and also becomes creator of contents, correcting and questioning the credibility of traditional television means and getting at the time a high influence level. Examples of this influence would be the recent resignations of two important American communicators as Dan Rather, consecrated journalist newsreader in the channel 'CBS', and Eason Jordan, director of information of the 'CNN' until his resignation. Both withdrawals were caused basically by the social mobilization taken place in a new generation that, from the blogosphere, makes hear its voice. The disorganization of this new influence group in the civil society, far from supposing an obstacle, guarantees in certain way its independence, in front of other organizations and viewers' associations whose effectiveness could be questioned bearing in mind the current situation of the television contents. The present television faces the challenge than means the level of exigency from a new generation of spectators for who, they are no longer the main source of information, but only a member more of an universe of global communication multi-screen and therefore will have to fight for their primacy in a world in which the user have the opportunity to access to a very superior informative offer, even changing from passive receiver to emitting agent able to carry out an interesting work facing the control of quality of the audio-visual products that spread from the different commercial and/or public broadcasters.
Abstract
Nowadays the tv media are in the face of an emergent phenomenon as it is the appearance of a new no organic lobby that questions the veracity of the television contents exercising [...]
- 4
- read
Dominated television: some limitations from TV in education and arguments for television competence
J. Bautista Vallejo, B. Mora Jaureguialde, M. Gata Amaya

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 167

Abstract
La importancia de la TV como fenómeno social justifica la atención que se le ha dedicado y se le dedica, hecho que en lugar de disminuir se ha ido acrecentando cada día más. Es lógico que sea así, pues cualquier idea que contribuya a que conozcamos mejor la TV, que ayude a mejorarla, a utilizarla más racionalmente, merece la bienvenida: cuanto más importante es una cosa y mayor es su trascendencia social, tanto más tenemos que procurar que esté ordenada rectamente según la razón, y no según otro tipo de intereses que seguro en un medio como éste siempre están aflorando. The importance of the TV as social phenomenon justifies the attention that is being dedicated to it. This produces that every idea that can do that we know better aboutthe TV, that help to put it better, to use it more rationally, will bewelcome; how much more important is one thing and bigger is its social consequence, so much we have to try that it will be in order through the reason, and not of another kind of interests than it’s sure that in a media as this one, are appearing always.
Abstract
La importancia de la TV como fenómeno social justifica la atención que se le ha dedicado y se le dedica, hecho que en lugar de disminuir se ha ido acrecentando cada día [...]
- 0
- read
The political telegenia in a quality television
J. Santiago Barnés

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 166

Abstract
In order that a Chief of State and of Government appears suitably in television, transmit correctly the image that it wants to radiate to the citizens, spread with divan efficiency what longs to project the village and demonstrate with responsibility, adequacy and personal sincerity what he tries to spread whom him have chosen democratically as political representative of the nation, he must possess a few innate characteristics of persuasion and political seduction or adjust to the procedure of regulation and ordination contextual that legitimize the presence of a national leader before the cameras.The presidential telegenia does not consist of staying only well before the television cameras to award a good personal image before the citizens and electors of the country, but it consists of spreading more and better the plans of work and ideas preconcebidas that the political leader has elaborated to administer the nation and the projects that, in an agreed by consensus way, he has approved together with his cabinet to improve and to prosper in the development and social well-being of the people. Antonio Lara defines the telegenia as the capacity that the Presidents of Government and Prime ministers have to conceal, before the cameras, his physical and moral faults and the quality that allows them to promote his skills of oratory and rhetoric.
Abstract
In order that a Chief of State and of Government appears suitably in television, transmit correctly the image that it wants to radiate to the citizens, spread with divan efficiency [...]
- 0
- read
The news from the televisions by Internet: analysis of web site of Tele5 and Antena3
G. López García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 165

Abstract
This work makes a comparative analysis between the news webpages of the Spanish televisions Antena 3 and Tele 5. Between the main objectives of the work we can emphasize the analysis of: a) use of multimedia; b) the degree of dependency of the offered contents respect to television ones and other informative instances, specifically news agencies; c) the presence of interactive tools; and d) the global adjustment of the contents of television’ webpages to the characteristics of the new media (the Internet) in which they are inserted.
Abstract
This work makes a comparative analysis between the news webpages of the Spanish televisions Antena 3 and Tele 5. Between the main objectives of the work we can emphasize the [...]
- 0
- read
Hybridization of genres and crisis in the quality of television: the role of audiovisual councils present television
M. Ribés Alegría

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 164

Abstract
Today, the process by which professionals select and consider the quality of programmes is very easy: they estimate the size of the audience and if a programme has a high audience, it means that it is good. This is a simple rule that makes that all the televisions offer low-quality contents. Many authors prove this fact in their studies and they complain about the poor quality of programmes that are broadcast in all channels. Moreover, they ask for the creation of an institution that regulates this situation because they consider that the action of the government and its regulations are not enough to guarantee the quality of television. Because of these reasons, this study expects to reflect the need to create an independent institution that regulates the operation of television to ensure and guarantee its quality and to keep it working as a public service. We would also like to show that a good solution is the creation of audiovisual councils. To prove it, this paper will first focus on the Catalonia Broadcasting Council and its functions and will then deal with the need of a state audiovisual council.
Abstract
Today, the process by which professionals select and consider the quality of programmes is very easy: they estimate the size of the audience and if a programme has a high [...]
- 0
- read
TV Ombudsman: an argument against Pandora’s Box
M. da Costa Oliveira

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 163

Abstract
To transform an individual pain into a collective feeling of suffering is a capacity of all mass media. However, television has, in this point, a tremendous power. The capacity to join millions of TV viewers in front of itself is its most admirable merit, but it’s also its most dreadful danger. Principally when the point are the human rights, as the right of privacy or the right of not suffer in the public space, the demand of quality appears not only as an obligation of the Government but also as a duty of citizenship of all TV viewers. Although it is not properly a novelty in some European countries, the existence of a TV Ombudsman2 will be a reality in Portugal only this year. The Government has approved a legal diploma to create this figure, which will evaluate the programming and information of the public channel RTP. As the ombudsmen of press that we already know, the TV Ombudsman will be the person who receives the critics and observations of TV viewers, evaluates them and writes about them an impression to the administration of the channel. Being a self-regulatory proceeding, the TV Ombudsman is fundamentally a mechanism that implicates citizens. It is not only an entity of vigilance on ethics of Television. It is essentially a platform of dialogue between journalists, programmers and TV viewers. As in the press, the Ombudsman is a mediator. Although it is probably not an absolute guarantee of quality, TV Ombudsman is surely an argument of citizens against the bad things diffused by the box that we believe is the one by which the most important of our lives goes trough.
Abstract
To transform an individual pain into a collective feeling of suffering is a capacity of all mass media. However, television has, in this point, a tremendous power. The capacity [...]
- 0
- read
The critical viewer: a determinative agent in the TV quality
O. Núñez Orellana

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 162

Abstract
The broadcasting of high quality contents on TV means that all the actors involved on the communication work together to achieve this goal. The proposal to generate this quality is to offer healthy entertainment, consider the pertinence of the broadcasting and offer creative productions with a high sense of respect and consideration of the audience. Considering that the TV viewer is a decisive agent on the process of making quality TV content and counting on the importance of shared responsibility, thereis work to do from various perspectives:the audience perspective: thinking and selection, the sponsor perspective and quality recognition, and that one of the educational responsibility. The big idea of improving media content until it is of the highest quality needs to be handled by many different groups that are necessarily involved on this matter. Therefore, knowing the work that has been successful in Mexico and other Latin-American countries might be a good point to start creating a synergy to improve quality on television.
Abstract
The broadcasting of high quality contents on TV means that all the actors involved on the communication work together to achieve this goal. The proposal to generate this quality [...]
- 0
- read
The citizen’s interest for in the TV contents: the new TV actors
G. Rosique Cedillo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 161

Abstract
Since its very beginning television has always had the contents as an angular stone, basic source composing the wire netting of programmes that move the audio-visual sector, due that the interest of various actors of communication, State, announcers, TV chains and producers turn around them and on the other hand, they have been also the cultural product that the spectators have been receiving since decades in their homes. Nowadays in the landscape of television environment we talk about «quality of TV programmes» and «values», there is discontent between certain groups regarding a TV which operates in a flexible way when it comes to contents, there is a commercial over-exploitationand a regulation which is considered very laxby the Government; the discrepancies come guided through the mobilization of the groups of spectators and organizations of allcommunities of the country who bet for an alternative TV, creative and with certain values, as UNESCO says «an universal, educational and permanent system» , who can divert in designing a new regime of TV regulation regarding contents where enter the interests of all actors, including spectators that take part of the value of the visual, production andthe audio-visual contents together with traditional actors of communication. Years ago the civil society represented by the associations of spectators, TV critics,pedagogues, writers, ONG’s including professionals of the TV media claim the quality of the contents of the small screen, an organism to control and oversee the behaviour of the programmers and directors of the TV chanels, besides the compliance of the regulation. Considered that nowadays TV is the most influent way of communication all over the world and the Spanish society makes no exception, obviously we need to take care of the impact that contents generate in the open television and , most of all, take care of what they emit during the timetablemore accessible to children and teenagers, being a very powerful instrument for the world’s media development, its management manipulated in favour of the market interest or mercenary groups of the screen (garbage TV producers), is giving very good results for what developed and democratic societies wait from television. Church, family, school and State show, from various attitudes and corners of society, discontent regarding the negative effectsthat TV is generating in different sectors of population, but , besides this, they generate the doubt that the actual regulation of administration of television (public or private) is the most appropriate in guaranteeingthe public interest in making creative andconstructive TV, according to the points of view ofcertain spectators, in meantime theyproject the idea of having other ways of administration that cancomplete and strengthen a way of alternative television. Considering this the television contents are of public interest and the TV production oscillate between innovation, creativity, technological development and «TV garbage», we would like to approach the actual panorama of the TV contents out valuing the activities of the citizen’s participation, aims and success, like an actor inside the value chain of the audio-visual sector and its role inside it. This will definitely lead to an alternative TV, still difficult to define and also favours the revision of the theory of Medias and opens new discussions about paradigms used to explain the social phenomenon of communication and the function of the spectator reported to the environment.
Abstract
Since its very beginning television has always had the contents as an angular stone, basic source composing the wire netting of programmes that move the audio-visual sector, [...]
- 0
- read
Television quality from and citizen participation
B. Bustamante Bohórquez, F. Aranguren Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 160

Abstract
The democratic societies face decisive challenges to assure their permanency. One of these challenges is to assure fair and equal balance in the access from the population to the information. A television of quality would bear the use different competitions to individual level and community to negotiate the predominant outlines so much in the exercise of the political power as in the outlines of the social participation and the cultural exchange.
Abstract
The democratic societies face decisive challenges to assure their permanency. One of these challenges is to assure fair and equal balance in the access from the population [...]
- 1
- read
Quality as opposed to Uncertainty: fear and risks of watchin
D. Crovi Druetta, C. Lozano Ascencio

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 159

Abstract
The media are making us live under the influence of information about the full gamut of risks, which are present all over the world. We perceive uncertainty according to our own culture, but we are also conditioned buy the acquired cultural sum o risk experiences, be they close or remote, recent or past. In an emergency situation, the information offered by the media is usually monopolized by the social interest awakened by potential risks and actual disasters. It is also true that we normally perceive such events according to how the media present them. Form this we can infer that we perceive and interpret uncertainty independently of whether or not we are immersed in an emergency situation. Or capacity for feeling insecurity as we survey our world is therefore bound to be with us for a long time.
Abstract
The media are making us live under the influence of information about the full gamut of risks, which are present all over the world. We perceive uncertainty according to our [...]
- 0
- read
The TV we deserve
A. Galván Álvarez, C. Gómez Águila, C. Martos López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 158

Abstract
«General television is currently branded as rubbish tv. Part of TV programmes might be lassified like this, but we shouldn't»1. With this conference we are trying to specify the sense of high quality tv, which is based on the three main components that form the own television meaning: needs and preferences of the audience, contents, and technical production of programmes. Everything collected untill here has been object of a wide and large debate between professionals and theorics in communication. However, we miss the third axis that takes part from the high quality tv sense, the technical production.
Abstract
«General television is currently branded as rubbish tv. Part of TV programmes might be lassified like this, but we shouldn't»1. With this conference we are trying to specify [...]
- 0
- read
The impact as on educational strategy on the XXI century television
N. Rajadell Puiggròs, C. Oliver Vera, I. Bordás Alsina

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 157

Abstract
The television modifies our relationship with the environment and shows realities instead of simple images, managing the impact as a way to catch the attention of the viewers. Watching television requires effort, time and preparation and accordingly we need methodologies that integrate emotions and reflection. Thus, the GIAD Group provides a triple proposal: (1) Learning to see images as an interesting communication tool for students and teachers; (2) To though how to combine pleasure and education, (3) Apply the assumed purposes to our daily routine.
Abstract
The television modifies our relationship with the environment and shows realities instead of simple images, managing the impact as a way to catch the attention of the viewers. [...]
- 1
- read
The quality in cartoons on television
M. Hidalgo Rodríguez, J. Pertíñez López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 156

Abstract
This paper analyses the type of cartoons programmed by generalist channels in Spain . It is an original study based on a method that encompasses four fundamental aspects: identification of the animation, technique, quality levels and characters. Applied to the cartoons broadcast at Christmas and New Year 2004-2005, we discovered that what the child audience had seen was far from ideal for their educational level and as far as respect for values such as solidarity, peace, multiculturalism and European culture are concerned. We conclude with the need to improve the quality of cartoons in an objective manner by means of specific measures.
Abstract
This paper analyses the type of cartoons programmed by generalist channels in Spain . It is an original study based on a method that encompasses four fundamental aspects: [...]
- 0
- read
A methodology for the quality study of the programmatic audio-visual contents aimed at children
M. Carretón Ballester, E. Espinar Ruiz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 155

Abstract
The present communication has as purpose the exhibition of the methodologic process planned by the investigators to study and to analyze the quality of the infantile programs emitted during year 2004 in a random sample of children and children of scholastic centers of Alicante city. The antecedents of the present study are gathered in a previous project titled Quality of the audio-visual contents - programmatic and advertising of television destined to the infantile Target (4-12 years), in which in addition to the primary target to analyze and to evaluate the quality of the audio-visual contents (programming and publicity) that is emitted in the televisions of national cover (TVE1, the 2, A3 and T5) in the 2003, it was counted on two more specific: to as much describe to the supply and the consumption of the infantile programming as of the publicity that contains and to form a system of measurement of the quality of the audio-visual contents directed to the childhood. Although these objectives were reached satisfactorily, the system of measurement of the quality of the present study contemplates four dimensions. The present methodology makes reference to the fulfillment of last that consists of knowing the degree provoked entertainment in the objective public, trying to find out the attitudes, the opinions and the perceptions that the children have of the infantile programming. As the duration of the project oscillates from the 2004 to the 2007, we will begin in the month of September analyzing the programs emitted during the 2004. The first step has been to select the number of children necessary to obtain representative results of the alicantina infantile society. For it, from the listing of scholastic centers of Alicante city, one works on the total of children registered by districts, doing arranged distinction between schools public and schools. From this information, we differentiated to the registered ones in infantile (4 to 6 years) and in primary (7 to 12 years) With a statistical formula we calculated a significant sample for a finite population with a level of confidence of 95%. From this form, the children to interview turn out to be: 367.08 in infantile education and 375,95 in primary, distributed significantly by the different scholastic districts. Once, we have selected the children by districts, centers and by education level, we come to digitize the infantile programs. This phase requires of a digitizer that allows us to congeal frames of these programs that, printed to color, can visualize the children. Each group of age will be exposed to the programs destined to its Target. The used methodologic tool is a survey, that depending on the ages of the interviewed people, autoadministrada or will be directed by the investigators. Although we have maintained contact with some centers informing to them into the study and of the necessity of its collaboration - of informal way -, at the moment we were making the performance cronogram to visit the direction of the centers with object of being able to begin the work of field in the month of September.
Abstract
The present communication has as purpose the exhibition of the methodologic process planned by the investigators to study and to analyze the quality of the infantile programs [...]
- 4
- read
Television message of programmes and publicity addressed to children: approach to the quality of its content
M. Fernández Poyatos, V. Tur Viñes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 154

Abstract
The present reflections comprises the work that nowadays develops an investigation group that tries to design an instrument that allows to mesure the quality of television audio-visual messages addressed to children (between 4-12 years). The information that follows is the result of a research that was made by this group from October 2003 since October 2004. And continues until 2007. Therefore their results have to be considered as partial. For the analysis of the content of the messages (advertisements some of them, others from programmes) were selected two weeks of programmes: one during non-holiday period (last week of May) and another one corresponding to the holiday period (third week of Desember 2003). Concerning to the supports, open emission and national covering channels were chosen, such as: TVE 1, TVE 2, Antena 3 and Tele 5. Holiday periods which may change the common programmes were considered as well. We should also point that when the program was emitted between Monday and Friday, two chapters or episodes were analyzed; when it was emitted during the weekend, all of them were analyzed. The same process was followed with the advertisements which were included in the selected programmes. Summing up, the analysis gathered 241 contents corresponding to programmes and 1.150 to advertisements. According to the objectives, the study is based on a general one-the analysis and the evaluation of the audio-visual contents quality-, and two specific ones: the first one is centered in the description of the offer and the consume of children programmes; the second one looks for the configuration of a quality measurement system of the audio-visual contents addressed to children. Our work will deal with this last one. The programmes and advertisements have been subjected to the analysis of 24 variables that can be combined or put together in the following ways: «main teaching from the messages», «interactivity level», «presence or not of physical, verbal and genus violence«, «prosocial behaviour», «asocial behaviour», «language (oral expression, grammatical constructions, offensive words and vocabulary) and «sexual contents». The study has allowed us to show the importance of these variables in television messages for children, as well as to state similarities and differences between children publicity and programmes.
Abstract
The present reflections comprises the work that nowadays develops an investigation group that tries to design an instrument that allows to mesure the quality of television [...]
- 0
- read
Luddites or convinced? An approach to reality in children´s television
M. Francés Barceló

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 153

Abstract
A theoretical approach to the reality of children´s television show us a distressing horizon, spreaded of constant mentions to violence, shallowness of the messages and the influence of everything in the little children´s mind. The problem is not the children programmes by themselves, but the generalized and accepted consumption of adult programmes made for the children. Therefore, it is necessary to assume our responsibility in this “Media Triangle” composed by administration, parents, and teachers and, obviously, the televisions.
Abstract
A theoretical approach to the reality of children´s television show us a distressing horizon, spreaded of constant mentions to violence, shallowness of the messages and the [...]
- 3
- read
Children´s programming: between education and entertainment
C. González Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 152

Abstract
tudy the contens of the children´s television proving that values such as individualism, egoism, violence predominate in this type of television programs. However, in words of Mariet tv shouldn´t be educative, but tv has to be enjoyable. At the moment our children´s television hasn´t got the minimus necessary stands of quality for Australian Broadcasting Authority so that the children´s television can be enjoyable. This research propuses children´s should be educative but it can´t forget the true aim tv: the entertainment.
Abstract
tudy the contens of the children´s television proving that values such as individualism, egoism, violence predominate in this type of television programs. However, in words [...]
- 2
- read
Approach to the empiric measurement of quality in children´s TV contents
V. Tur Viñes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 151

Abstract
Two years ago, we participated on Congreso Iberoamericano de Comunicación y Educación celebrates in Huelva, with a paper about an international studies selection what analize the measure of quality on audiovisual contents for kids. That was our first step to make a researching group, focus on Spanish measure model of quality on children tv´s contents. The research proposal receives fundraising amounts from Universidad of Alicante (GRE013-14), during 2003, and now, from the Ministerio de Educación/Feder, specifically on Programa de ayudas a grupos de investigación I+D+I 2004-2007 (SEJ2004-01830). In this time, we present the first design we have made –2003- and its preliminary conclusions. That means only the beginning of an empirical approach to measure quality level on tv´s contents for kids in Spain. Results show us the changes we must do to simplify the measurement tooling by using factorial analysis as well as school interviews to research claimed entertainment. Any way, we can improve the design until 2007, when we have the goal to make a quality certified process to provide more and better information for the involved agents.
Abstract
Two years ago, we participated on Congreso Iberoamericano de Comunicación y Educación celebrates in Huelva, with a paper about an international studies selection what analize [...]
- 0
- read
The local television of proximity: horizontal networks
P. Picazo Sanz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 150

Abstract
2005. Spain. The Digital Television is coming and it doesn’t mean better and more freedoom, it means better and more bussiness. We are in the middle of the global system of the information, The biopolitics governs our lifes from the Impire. It is the moment to fight with the same weapons and in its own battlefield. The local television was born as a proximity idea of comunication and is time to get in touch all these proximity voices to fight together against the Impire. 2004, Granollers. G9 is born, a organization of associations of local television, as a powerful voice who claims a new model o local comunication based on the quality, proximity and independent contents of different proximity televisions associated in horizontal networds.
Abstract
2005. Spain. The Digital Television is coming and it doesn’t mean better and more freedoom, it means better and more bussiness. We are in the middle of the global system [...]
- 0
- read
The thematic channels: an alternative to the programming of the generalist television
S. Ruano López, T. Millán Paredes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 149

Abstract
Last decades of past century, there appeared a double-sided phenomenon. On one hand a crudest competence among general TV networks and therefore, with hardly some exceptions, TVnetworks marginalized cultural programs to the borders of timetable grids. On the other they appeared TV thematic channels devoted to different elements of culture with an aim of high quality products. The broadcast of this internationalist network TV arrive everywhere thanks to digital TV platforms. These new TV networks are in a continuous process of renovation both of searching new content and image. The previous balance in TV broadcast where genres were distinguised and there was a coherent timetable have disappeared. Now the system mixes genres and formats. The economic context also is confusing with the high increase of production costs combined with a policy of downsizing. As a result, cultural approaches have been decreasing in public network TV and previous criteria for culture in TV have been left aside. Thesecultural approaches never existed in private network tv because its principal aim is to achieve the highest share by means of raw products in new formats such as talk-sohw, reality show and lateshow
Abstract
Last decades of past century, there appeared a double-sided phenomenon. On one hand a crudest competence among general TV networks and therefore, with hardly some exceptions, [...]
- 3
- read
Quality and digital terrestrial television
I. Postigo Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 148

Abstract
Since the television was raised as a predominant media by its high penetration in our homes, numerous experts have emphasized the importance of the analysis of the direct effects of the relation «man & television», cause the powerful influence in the backbone of our society. In this way, the different involved agents have been affecting the need of a television based on the quality of its contents, reverberating positively in the way we form all around us. In spite of these good intentions, the result we are getting is not all the positive it should. Today, everybody speaks about quality in all areas, but we don’t know exactly what this mean. To talk about a quality television it would be necessary to establish, as first step, the parameters which we consider a television of quality, not only in the area of the contents, cause are other important secondary aspects that configure a television of quality (relation with the audience, workers, organizational structure...). For it, the first step will be an unambiguous definition of the meaning of quality in television. From this point, and well known in five years the television model as we know will change, the disappearance of the analogical television and the soon coming of the digital terrestrial television which benefits (especially the interactivity we will get) are different, this article try to draw the lines that will have to be contemplated in favor of the introduction of a TDT of quality.
Abstract
Since the television was raised as a predominant media by its high penetration in our homes, numerous experts have emphasized the importance of the analysis of the direct [...]
- 0
- read
The faustian bargain: the interactive television that we would (not) like to have
R. Mestre Pérez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 147

Abstract
The text is born of a rhetorical question: If we could make a pact with the Devil, what kind of interactive television would we stipulate?The answer requires us to reflect above all on the value we give ITV as a new technology, and it warns us about the risks of using the simple model of means and goals.If we ask a new gadget what problem it solves, we might get an answer biased by a certain amount of technological determinism that would distort the role that the device plays in its social surroundings and could impede our seeing what we would really be mortgaging our souls for.
Abstract
The text is born of a rhetorical question: If we could make a pact with the Devil, what kind of interactive television would we stipulate?The answer requires us to reflect [...]
- 0
- read
Is the future TV a wanted TV?
T. Millán Paredes, S. Ruano López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 146

Abstract
The digital television brings a new form to make and to watch, the question is if they are going to change the contents, they will be of greater quality.there is place for cultural and educative contents. In order to analyze the subject it is necessary to study the different forms from distribution and the options of reception, ¿onde is the keys of the business?
Abstract
The digital television brings a new form to make and to watch, the question is if they are going to change the contents, they will be of greater quality.there is place for [...]
- 2
- read
The one who loves you, analyzes you
D. Bartolomé Crespo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 145

Abstract
En primer lugar se sitúan las entrevistas de actualidad. Los programas que más se adaptan a este tipo de contenidos son: «Las cerezas» en el que cada semana se realiza una entrevista a dos personajes del mundo de la cultura, la política... Otro programa que se adapta es «Lo más +». Se trata de un programa diario que realiza entrevistas a personajes de actualidad. Creemos que también son muy necesarios los programas educativos dedicados a los niños. Este es un tema muy de actualidad. Una programación que no es adecuada en horarios infantiles exige que se cambien los contenidos de algunos programas o que éstos sean sustituidos por programas infantiles. La televisión ha cambiado y se tiene muy poco en cuenta a los niños. Antes, con programas como «La bola de cristal», «Barrio Sésamo», se dedicaba más tiempo al público infantil. Ahora lo más parecido a eso son «Los Lunnis» y los dibujos que emiten algunas cadenas locales. Los programas de humor es una de las respuestas más repetidas en esta encuesta. Los programas más nombrados: «CQC, «El informal», «UHF», «Buenafuente». Se trata de programas que tratan temas de actualidad pero con un toque de humor. Un alto porcentaje ha respondido que le gusta el cine y todos los programas dedicados a él: Cine alternativo, cine en versión original, cine clásico. Además de las películas nos gusta que nos cuenten cosas sobre ellas, que el director y los actores nos hablen de su trabajo. Por eso programas como «Versión española» o «Qué grande es el cine» nos ayudan tener un conocimiento más profundo del séptimo arte. Por último creemos que en la programación son muy importantes los documentales. Documentales de todo tipo: naturaleza, viajes, ciencia... La 2 es la cadena de televisión que más tiempo en su programación dedicada a este tipo de programas y como programa estrella en esta encuesta «Documentos TV».
Abstract
En primer lugar se sitúan las entrevistas de actualidad. Los programas que más se adaptan a este tipo de contenidos son: «Las cerezas» en el que cada semana se realiza [...]
- 0
- read
The audiovisual producers: tools analysis
M. Becerra

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 144

Abstract
The present statement comes from the need to give answers to a conflict that I have come across along my professional career in the audiovisual sector in Málaga: The low level of professional performance and lack of organisation and resources in fiction production in the audiovisual sector of Málaga. Low budgets, lack of public financial help and subventions, deficiency of professional TV crew and equipment are some of the reasons why our fiction productions do not get to grow as serious productions that could compete with good TV products, as it is the case of other Spanish cities like Madrid, which has not only got to consolidate the TV series as a profitable audiovisual product, but also has been able to connect with the needs of the audience. Nonetheless, It has to be pointed out, that although to develop a good professional performance in this field, the finance is a big conditioning; it is not the only impediment to carry out a good quality production. The lack of creativity is in may cases, together with bad organization are some of the problems that we come across in Malaga and equally in the rest of the cities in Andalusia, which is delaying the take off of the audiovisual production companies in Andalusia. This report is based in the conclusions before mentioned, and in trying to satisfy the vital understanding and explain the points of action in the developing of fiction projects within the Malaga TV production companies, and which are the reasons why they go on following the wrong working attitudes that lead us to make the same mistakes again and again. It is all about understanding the group of elements that compose the fiction TV productions in Malaga and the roots of the deficiencies that this sector is suffering not only in Malaga , but also in the rest of the cities of Andalusia.
Abstract
The present statement comes from the need to give answers to a conflict that I have come across along my professional career in the audiovisual sector in Málaga: The low [...]
- 0
- read
Television: paying for quality? Public and private networks in public service mission
S. Mendes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 143

Abstract
Nowadays we are witnessing a share's supremacy on the Occidental television scenery. It is becoming most urgent to redefine «public service» concepts in television, which is supposed to have «quality», and understand in which way public networks, currently confronted with lack of economical resources problems, can stay true to their mission of «public service». It is pertinent to verify if it is possible to attract private networks to programming concepts closer to what is considered «public service», which can simultaneously be «interesting» from an economic/share holds point of view, without entering in the «teletrash» domain and guarantying quality contents to the viewers. For achieving this it is necessary to define what «quality» is, which is a vague concept and is raising many discussions in the field of audiovisual and also academic, and to which there are no solid or definitive answers. Knowing that quality programs are more expensive in production than the ones of «teletrash», and knowing that are these last ones that get more financing for their shares translated into advertisement and by its turn, into money, you conclude easily that there is a unbalanced competition between public and private networks. In what concerns the quality contents production, since the public networks are facing the questions of public and State financing, which is not comparable to the advertising and economic laws by which the private networks are guided. Taking a global view on what is considered «Public Service on Audio Broadcasting» in Europe, using some examples of the Amsterdam Treaty, we intend to discuss audiovisual and suggest some paths to follow towards a quality television, pedagogically healthy and enriching, and point out some well achieved examples of quality programs, either in public television, or in private networks, in Portugal. A pertinent content for civil society is what best defines the mission of public service; the examples to present in the communication will illustrate the required characteristics of this public service, which can be applied through quality communicative and informative contents. These programs show how you can talk about quality in the private networks of television and how public networks need many times to adapt their programming to time schedules more adequate to the rhythm of live of the viewers. Only aiming for good examples of quality in television contents can we really talk about a true «pedagogic» television, from which you can actually learn and help to create solid and healthy bases for a population more distracted from rights and duties of citizenship and social responsibility, in the core of post-modernity.
Abstract
Nowadays we are witnessing a share's supremacy on the Occidental television scenery. It is becoming most urgent to redefine «public service» concepts in television, which [...]
- 0
- read
Social function of the media and the present Spanish television
M. Bobo Márquez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2005). Vol. 13, (2), 142

Abstract
The author raises a reflection about the social function of means: information, diversion and formation. Based on it, it at the moment makes an analysis of the fulfilment of anticipated happiness through the programming of the Spanish televisions, as well as of the consequences that take place when being a mercantile conglomerate whose mission is the attainment of benefits. This is translated in a banalización of contents with the intention of increasing the hearing without considering before mentioned social function, harnessing the second aspect, the diversion, and annulling completely third of them.
Abstract
The author raises a reflection about the social function of means: information, diversion and formation. Based on it, it at the moment makes an analysis of the fulfilment [...]
- 4
- read