Abstract

The Hanford Site has 149 underground single-shell tanks that store hazardous radioactive waste. Many of these tanks and their associated infrastructure (e.g., pipelines, diversion boxes) have leaked. Some of the leaked waste has entered the groundwater. The largest known leak occurred from the T-106 Tank in 1973. Many of the contaminants from that leak still reside within the vadose zone beneath the T Tank Farm. CH2M Hill Hanford Group, Inc. seeks to minimize movement of this residual contaminant plume by placing an interim cover on the surface. Such a cover is expected to prevent infiltrating water from reaching the plume and moving it further. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has prepared a design plan to monitor and determine the effectiveness of the interim cover. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of water movement beneath a cover was conducted to guide the design of the plan. Soil water content, water pressure, and temperature will be monitored using off-the-shelf equipment that can be installed by the hydraulic hammer technique. In fiscal year 2006, two instrument nests will be installed, one inside and one outside of the proposed cover. In fiscal year 2007, two additional instrument nests, both inside the proposed cover, will be installed. Eachmore » instrument nest contains a neutron access tube and a capacitance probe (to measure water content), and four heat-dissipation units (to measure pressure head and temperature). A datalogger and a meteorological station will be installed outside of the fence. Two drain gauges will be installed in locations inside and outside the cover for the purpose of measuring soil water flux.« le Document type: Report

Abstract

Geometry is one of the main factors controlling the overall stability of levees, in addition to their hydraulic and mechanical characteristics, while in turn, their material strength strongly depends on their degree of saturation. Given that levees are usually partially saturated (Lo Presti et al., 2020) and that this partial saturation greatly contributes to their stability, any technique aimed at maintaining the levee in this condition is extremely useful. Protection of the levee sides by means of geogrids and biomats reduces the amount of infiltration by water, helps water adsorption by grass vegetation and contributes to mechanical strength thanks to the root apparatus of the grass cover. Vegetation is a good system for controlling slope erosion and instability. It can reduce the meteoric water that infiltrates into the soil and consequently the pore pressure. On the other hand, the root systems not only keep the soil partially saturated but also increase the soil shear strength with their mechanical contribution. The mechanical parameters of the root-soil system are important to evaluate the increase in soil shear strength due to the roots. Mechanically, roots contribute to the stabilization/reinforcement of soil by means of an additional apparent cohesion. It is believed that this apparent cohesion originates mainly from the root tensile strength, as well as capillary forces in partially saturated soils. In terms of root cohesion, an evaluation of this reinforcement can be obtained by means of direct shear tests. The authors set up a systematic experimental activity using a large direct shear box (Vannucci et al. 2019) with the purpose of considering the dual effect of suction and the soil tensile strength. A series of direct shear tests (large and standard shear box) were carried out. This paper presents the results of an experimental laboratory investigation on samples of rooted soil. In particular, the results of direct shear tests with a large shear box (300 × 300 × 100 mm) and with a standard shear box are shown. The results confirm an increase in the soil shear strength, in terms of cohesion, when roots are present. 1

Abstract

This study focuses on evaluating in-situ permanent deformation in fine-grained soils through the application of a specially designed Repeated Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) test. The primary objective is to investigate how water content and applied stress levels influence permanent deformations in the field. Additionally, the study aims to assess the utility of LWD-derived data in predicting permanent strains. Results indicate a significant correlation between permanent deformations and key parameters, such as the number of load cycles, applied stress levels, and water content. It is observed that permanent deformations increase proportionally with these variables, particularly in cases of elevated water content and higher stress levels. The soil demonstrates an increased susceptibility to accumulating permanent deformations, persisting even after numerous LWD load applications. In response to these findings, a predictive model is presented to estimate accumulated permanent strain, exhibiting a commendable fit to data for moisture contents up to 22%, corresponding to an average water content of 19%. Ultimately, this research underscores the pivotal role of water content and applied stress levels in determining permanent deformation characteristics in fine-grained subgrade soils. The study also provides a valuable predictive model derived from repeated in-situ LWD measurements, offering critical insights into the field permanent deformation behaviour of subgrade soil. This simple and time-saving test enhances engineering practices for pavement design and construction.