Abstract

Surface wave tomography is a feasible method to provide complementary data to better understand the continuity of soil strata. It may also be used to determine best locations for invasive testing. Surface wave tomography methods are frequently used to delineate soil-rock interface and determine average shear wave velocity for seismic site class determination. Delineation within the soils layers where the change in seismic velocity within the soil layers are relatively small requires higher resolution data collection and enhanced processing methods than those used historically in surface wave tomography. This study uses a patented imaging and monitoring system based on the passive seismic interferometry technique augmented by active seismic sources at known locations. A dense nodal array of MEMs accelerometers were deployed at a site where known saturated loose materials exist. This paper presents shear wave velocity (Vs) data deduced from surface wave measurements where various, compression wave velocity (Vp) to Vs ratios were considered, especially showing the effect of Vp/Vs ratio, on the Vs data. This ratio which was traditionally assumed can have a significant effect on the inferred Vs. This paper also presents the comparison of deduced Vs data to measured Vs data by seismic cone penetration test and makes some recommendations for how to improve the methods to determine shear wave velocity in soft/loose soils.

Abstract

The paper discusses the performance of a novel tool based on computed tomography (CT) to evaluate sample quality in soft soils. This new technique is applied to the low-plasticity Mediterranean deltaic deposits found in the region of Castello d’Empuries at the Costa Brava, in Catalonia (Spain). Tube specimens of variable diameters retrieved using open samplers (Shelby) as well as Osterberg-type fixed-piston samplers were scanned in this study. Statistical analysis of the CT images allows to define a quantitative index of sample quality. Sample quality classification based on this new non-destructive CT-based measure compares well with quality classification based on the well-established recompression sample quality index, e/e0.

Abstract

Diatomaceous soils, composed of diatom fossils and clay minerals typically formed in volcanic environments, exhibit characteristics such as low unit weight, high plasticity and liquid limit, significant compressibility, and high friction angles. Despite their presence in various locations globally, knowledge about their geotechnical behavior is limited and primarily based on laboratory tests conducted on artificial samples. This paper presents data obtained from undisturbed samples of natural diatomaceous soils and discusses the interpretation of Cone Penetration Test with Pore Pressure (CPTU) data to classify these complex non-textbook soils and estimate their mechanical properties. The study area is situated in the Po Plain near the thermal anomaly region of the Euganean Hills in Northeast Italy. Three CPTUs and one borehole with the collection of four Osterberg undisturbed samples were conducted. Laboratory tests on the undisturbed samples provided values for Atterberg Limits, soil unit weight, in-situ void ratio, compressibility, and permeability, which were compared with estimations derived from CPTU data analysis. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscope images provided insight into the distinctive microstructure of diatom microfossils embedded in a clayey matrix. Based on these comparisons, CPTU proves to be effective in estimating relevant parameters of diatomaceous soils, particularly the Soil Behavior Type (SBT) and consolidation coefficient from dissipation tests. However, the agreement in estimating the oedometric modulus is less satisfactory. Therefore, for a precise definition of the geotechnical model, it is recommended to conduct additional laboratory tests, particularly those focused on defining compressibility parameters, given the unique behavior of natural diatomaceous soils.

Abstract

This paper explores the effects of the storage time on the engineering properties of Ballina clay, an estuarine silty clay that represents the soft soil deposits encountered along the eastern and southern Australian coastlines, which serves as foundation material for most of the country’s transport and energy infrastructure. An experimental program was carried out to evaluate the variation in soil compressibility and soil shear strength for tube specimens retrieved with an open sampler (Shelby tube) as well as an Osterberg fixed-piston sampler. Mechanical parameters obtained from tests performed immediately after sampling are compared against those measured over a period of 1 year, to assess the influence of the storage time. Results indicate that long-term storage has small influence on the quality of Ballina clay specimens in comparison with the mechanical disturbance caused during tube penetration and extraction, which is controlled by the sampler type.