Abstract

Delineation of areas into a “uniform” harvestable quality material is required for cut and fill earthworks projects. Mixing or inadvertent contamination with onsite high-quality material with adjacent poor quality is unacceptable. Importing material from off-site sources have significant cost associated. Two case studies are presented to highlight the design and contractual interpretation of a “unform” site. The first case study compares when a characteristic design value is used versus the day to day on site requirements to meet these design requirements. The required coefficient of variation (COV) of material parameters is discussed from both a design and construction perspective for section delineation. A major highway road widening had 4 sections as part of the upgrade. The tender documents were based on balanced cut to fill. On site material variability had pockets of good and bad material. Statistical analysis pre and post tender were compared in the contractual dispute which followed. The contractor was obligated to then import material to significant subgrade depths for these sites. To do otherwise would be contra to both the design material requirements specified in the contract documents and the requirements of the Earthworks specifications. The second case study is for a major 13 km rail upgrade to illustrate how the COV can be used in site characterisation and spatial variation at a cutting. The COV values adopted for both design and construction assessment are different as the intent is different. A quality control COV is different for a characteristic design COV.