Abstract

Abstract

This article presents the study about the utilization of TPU FilaFlex material about 3D print with the FDM technic for the realization of handprints in the prosthetics 3D printed manufacturing in PLA. The study objetct is check the viability of this material that because your deformation, elasticity and friction conditions, the material will allow a better gripo f prothesic objets of low cost 3d printed.

To carry out the test methodology, the characteristics of the material have been studied, they have been compared with the characteristics of the PLA, analyzing different cases, and finally, a computer simulation has been done with FDM software.

Palabras clave – Impresión 3D, PLA, modelado orgánico, modelado 3D, reconstrucción digital, TPU, FilaFlex, huella, prótesis, ergonómico, extremidad superior.

Abstract

3D printing allows the development of devices in a wide range of sectors, including the automotive industry, construction, aeronautics, food, textiles and also biomedical, among others. There are several technologies being the impression by molten deposition (FDM) one of the most widespread. In the particular case of biomedical engineering, three are the main application and research axes: (1) biomodels for the preparation of surgical interventions, (2) design and manufacture of customized biomedical devices and (3) porous scaffolds for regenerative medicine. The objective of the present study focuses on the development of a new filament for 3D-FDM printing composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and a biphasic crystalline bioceramic of marine origin (Biofast). Several filament formulations were obtained after extrusion of mixtures with variable proportions PLA / Biofast. The physical-chemical properties of both the filament and the printed pieces were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Raman and IR spectroscopy. The analyzes show that the bioceramic particles are evenly distributed in the polymer matrix and their incorporation can be controlled depending on the selected mixture. As for the crystal structure and links, manufacturing processes do not originate modifications that may affect the biocompatibility of the final device. Thus, these new filaments are shown as potential candidates for application in biomedical engineering.

Abstract

This work deals with the revaluation of coffee bean residues from the coffee liquor industry with the aim of developing eco-efficient composite materials with a polymeric matrix of polylactic acid (PLA). The coffee residue is incorporated in a proportion of 20% to the PLA by extrusion. After a grinding process, they are processed by injection to obtain standardized test pieces for their characterization. In order to improve the mechanical properties, as well as the toughness and compatibility between the biopolyester and the lignocellulosic particles of the coffee residue, two oligomers of lactic acid (OLA2 and OLA2mal functionalized with maleic anhydride) are added, together with the particles of the coffee residue during the extrusion process. These "Green composites" show that the incorporation of coffee residue particles from the manufacture of coffee liquor considerably increases the ductility of the samples analyzed by practically 280% due to their high content of oils present in the lignocellulosic residue. In addition, the incorporation of the OLA2 and OLA2mal oligomers contribute to improve the tensile strength of the composite materials studied, by 35% and 60%, respectively. These interesting results show the wide possibilities of this eco-efficient and sustainable material made of PLA and coffee residue. These are biodegradable materials, respectful of the environment and that allow the revaluation of coffee bean residues from the agri-food industry such as coffee liquor.

Abstract

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely used bio-based and biodegradable polymer in the food packaging sector, due to its market availability, competitive cost and ease of processing. However, PLA has some limitations in terms of its mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, which can be improved by adding inorganic particles to the polymer matrix to obtain hybrid organic-inorganic composites with improved properties. Among all the inorganic particles, Halloysite Nanotubes (HTH) and Diatomaceous Earth (DT) are of special interest because their hollow structure offers the possibility of incorporating active agents inside them to be released in a sustained way to the food, extending their shelf life. In the present work, rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) essential oil was encapsulated in the cavities of NTH and TD, the active particles were incorporated into a PLA polymeric matrix and processed by extrusion followed by cast-film process to simulate industrial conditions. The presence of NTH and TD improved the Young's modulus of PLA, while rosemary oil acted plasticising the system increasing the elongation at break allowing flexible films to be obtained. The obtained materials showed antioxidant capacity, demonstrating the potential to produce biodegradable active materials of interest in the food packaging sector.

Abstract

Composite panels were produced using film stacking procedure: a dry layer of fabric and two layers of matrix were piled up alternately and compression molded. The matrices used were PLA or PHB and the fabric was a cotton twill fabric without any chemical pre-treatment or treated with an epoxy functional oligomeric acrylic polymer (J). The PLA-based composite had clearly better mechanical properties than the pure matrix, namely +75%, +39% and +45% for elastic modulus, elongation at break and tensile strength, respectively. The PHB gave dramatic results reaching increases of +103%, +83%,+104% of the same three parameters. The J additive employed in the PLA gave no substantial changes but reduced the elongation at break. The same J additive in the PHB-based composite apparently increased the adeshion between matrix and fabric, showing an modulus and strenght increase with a reduction of elongation at break.