ocio-economic development of countries and regions is historically uneven. But in some cases, too much territorial inequality can lead to the collapse of the state. In constantly changing conditions, it is necessary to use the spatial policy experience of the most successful countries. The conclusions obtained in the work will make it possible to offer recommendations for updating methodological approaches to the development of strategic documents in the field of regional policy, considering the global best practices.
The goal of the study is to analyze and summarize foreign experience in implementing regional policies, including the conditions of uncertainty (COVID-19 pandemic).
Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis.
Scientific novelty: We conducted a comprehensive qualitative and value-content analysis of the best regional policy practices in Europe and North America, as well as the experience of developing countries, including India, China and Brazil. Separately, the strategies of regional policy in the context of the pandemic are highlighted.
Results: Equalizing and stimulating regional policy is generally typical for the EU and Poland; for Germany - exclusively equalizing. France and the United States choose system-wide, equalizing (stimulating) policy, while the United Kingdom prefers system-wide selective. Japan, in addition to the system-wide equalizing (stimulating) policy, adds a restraining policy. Selective polarized regional policy is typical for the Republic of Korea. China, India and Brazil have the same direction of regional policy, which indicates similar problems of regional development of the BRICS member states. These are developing countries with large territories, with a similar level of economic development and a high level of regional development. The direction of the regional policy of this group is system-wide, equalizing (selective + restraining).
Developing and successfully implementing effective vaccination programs requires understanding the peculiarities of the people’s attitude towards vaccination. The prevalence of indecision regarding vaccination (understood as refusing or postponing vaccination despite the availability of vaccines) among the population can undermine the formation of collective immunity and compromise the effectiveness of vaccination programs. The goal of this work is to analyze the key factors influencing the people’s behavior and attitude towards vaccination. For this purpose, the authors review domestic and foreign studies devoted of the public behavior and attitude towards vaccination. As a result, three large groups of factors of population behavior in relation to vaccination are described: individual, organizational, and contextual. The most important socio-demographic predictors of readiness to be vaccinated are age and level of education. Such psychological features as the presence of cognitive distortions, intuitive thinking style, highly reactive temperament type contribute to indecision regarding vaccination. Other significant determinants of the readiness for vaccination are a high level of trust in the government, political actors, science and health authorities, social and interpersonal trust. In the context of the pandemic, concerns about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and unknown long-term side effects have become the main reasons for hesitation regarding vaccination. At the same time, awareness about the vaccines and the diseases they prevent, the availability of reliable and transparent information is positively associated with the willingness to get vaccinated. The intention to get vaccinated will be higher if the perceived probability of COVID-19 infection is high and the expected consequences for one's own and others’ health and well-being are assessed as serious. Previous vaccination experience, the presence of those vaccinated against COVID-19 and/or those who have contracted the disease in one’s social environment can act as the incentives for vaccination. The most important organizational factors contributing to a positive attitude and desire to get vaccinated are the availability of vaccination services, high awareness of the vaccines and a positive attitude towards them on the part of medical professionals. At the same time, the short development time of the new vaccines, the novelty of some platforms carrying the COVID-19 vaccine antigen, contribute to indecision regarding vaccination. Contextual factors include historical, political, and socio-cultural factors, as well as the state of the communication and information environment.
Abstract
Developing and successfully implementing effective vaccination programs requires understanding the peculiarities of the people’s attitude towards vaccination. The prevalence of indecision [...]
La pandèmia causada per la COVID-19 va irrompre de manera sobtada i va causar una transformació en els models d’aplicació de la comunicació interna al haver d’adaptar les seves accions a un panorama laboral que, en alguns casos, esdevindria híbrid, combinant el treball a distància amb el presencial. La literatura científica estudia àmpliament els beneficis i l’impacte de la comunicació interna en el funcionament corporatiu i en el benestar dels treballadors però es detecten pocs estudis sobre les seves aplicacions en metodologies de treball híbrides.
La necessitat de les organitzacions per arribar a tots els seus treballadors indistintament de la localització des de la qual duen a terme la seva feina és important pels beneficis que la implementació del teletreball ha aportat al mon corporatiu. Petcu et al., (2023) destaquen el teletreball com a facilitador d'una millor integració del treball a la vida personal, millorant així la seva qualitat de vida.
Un dels motius principals de la necessitat de la seva investigació recau en que el teletreball pot reduir la freqüència d'interaccions, especialment entre empleats del mateix nivell jeràrquic, i no té les comunicacions espontànies típiques de l'entorn d'oficina (Viererbl et al., 2022). I per tant, això suggereix la necessitat que les organitzacions fomentin la comunicació entre els seus professionals remots per preservar aquests elements vitals.
Abstract
La pandèmia causada per la COVID-19 va irrompre de manera sobtada i va causar una transformació en els models d’aplicació de la comunicació interna al haver d’adaptar les seves accions a un panorama laboral que, en alguns casos, esdevindria [...]
Regional policy in the countries of the world: a comparative analysis
