Abstract
mong the several findings deriving from the application of complex network formalism to the investigation of natural phenomena, the fact that linguistic constructions follow power laws presents special interest for its potential implications for psychology and brain science. By corresponding to one of the most essentially human manifestations, such language-related properties suggest that similar dynamics may also be inherent to the brain areas related to language and associative memory, and perhaps even consciousness. The present work reports a preliminary experimental investigation aimed at characterizing and modeling the flow of sequentially induced associations between words from the English language in terms of complex networks. The data is produced through a psychophysical experiment where a word is presented to the subject, who is requested to associate another word. Complex network and graph theory formalism and measurements are applied in order to characterize the experimental data. Several interesting results are identified, including the characterization of attraction basins, association asymmetries, context biasing, as well as a possible power-law underlying word associations, which could be explained by the appearance of strange loops along the hierarchical structure underlying word categories.
Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
Document type: Preprint
Original document
The different versions of the original document can be found in:
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80641-8 under the license http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00289-6 under the license http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/
- https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80641-8 under the license elsevier-specific: oa user license
- https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2012/RJ-2012-016/RJ-2012-016.pdf under the license cc-by
- https://zenodo.org/record/3597783 under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
- https://zenodo.org/record/3597783/files/What%27s%20in%20a%20Name.pdf under the license cc-by
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2307/3962637,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3962637 under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2307/3964233,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3964233 under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3405656.3418717,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3405656.3418717,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/3087773794
- http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=173770.1040011,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2021840307
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3122986.3123018 under the license http://www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.0766f.x,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.0766f.x under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00034.x,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00034.x under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/nirsa.17.2.34 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001100008000900106 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345980770080101 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205741808802008 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/021849239500300101,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849239500300101 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009358904000102 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x93124003 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590302700412 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088572889601900204 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438942600700108 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104747570201700401 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104837139000300309 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136346159703400114 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153567600100600202 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576104773711237 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3397767 under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.3821/1913-701X-142.5.205.a,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701x-142.5.205.a under the license http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license
- http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/cyber.2010.9995,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.9995 under the license http://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/
- http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ind.2013.1583,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2013.1583 under the license http://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2006.9.245 under the license http://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J159v02n02_02,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2331719394
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0092867400806418?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80641-8 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673685917532?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91753-2 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377123707801353?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(07)80135-3 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0882596320301275?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.02.034 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982203002896?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00289-6 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1067991X10001240?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2010.04.006 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1086580216312633?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31263-3 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1875912211701638?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-9122(11)70163-8 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S8755722305001481?httpAccept=text/plain,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2005.10.009 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/9781119249450.ch18/fullpdf,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119249450.ch18
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajmg.1320460538,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320460538 under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.1995.tb01584.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.1999.3907467.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1972.0601_122.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01812.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04104.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9205.2008.00354.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1977.tb00328.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2002.tb00226.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1982.tb01501.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-618x.1997.tb00125.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/j.1745-493X.1968.tb00098.x/fullpdf,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493x.1968.tb00098.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1988.tb01321.x under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.04256,
- http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017arXiv170204256M/abstract,
- https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3038912.3052589,
- https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3052589,
- http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1702.html#MaricontiOANENS17,
- https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1540256,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2591614334
- https://core.ac.uk/display/154818678,
- https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3122986.3123018,
- https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/automotiveUI/automotiveUI2017.html#AbrahamSMR17,
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3122986.3123018,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2760409427
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3038912.3052589 under the license http://www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background
- https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2858803,
- https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/iticse/wgr2015.html#SimonCCCRTT15,
- https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63973,
- https://doi.org/10.1145/2858796.2858803,
- http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:23283,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2314657114
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00221546.2000.11778851,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2012924027
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11074707,
- https://core.ac.uk/display/29308786,
- https://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=190722,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2023282102
- https://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1032123,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2085322713
- https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-17193-001,
- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0261927X93124003,
- https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/whats-in-a-name-african-american-ethnic-identity-terms-and-self-d,
- http://jls.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/0261927X93124003,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2009606428
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26161892,
- http://psi.sagepub.com/content/8/3/i.full.pdf,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2171065791
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1096/fj.170801ufm,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.170801ufm under the license http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00051.x,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00051.x under the license http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
- https://pubs.nctm.org/downloadpdf/journals/mtms/22/1/article-p28.xml,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.22.1.0028
- https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0216,
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0216 under the license https://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/
- https://www.professionalnursing.org/article/S8755-7223(05)00148-1/abstract,
- https://core.ac.uk/display/364369,
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S8755722305001481,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/70056879
- https://academic.oup.com/monist/article/91/3-4/606/1080173,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/1968599377
- https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(00)80641-8,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2621366571
- https://www.japha.org/article/S0003-0465(15)33052-4/fulltext,
- https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2298328704
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858796.2858803 under the license http://www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background
- [ ]
DOIS: 10.1111/j.1745-493x.1968.tb00098.x 10.14452/mr-008-03-04-1956-07-08_7 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.004 10.1109/msp.2005.56 10.1046/j.1526-4610.1999.3907467.x 10.1080/00970050.1978.10619369 10.1177/153567600100600202 10.2307/802414 10.2307/3535951 10.1300/j159v02n02_02 10.1021/ed079p1380.2 10.1126/science.318.5853.1066a 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0216 10.1021/cen-v025n032.p2253 10.1016/s0377-1237(07)80135-3 10.3200/chng.38.6.51-54 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.02.034 10.1021/cen-v074n043.p005 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91753-2 10.2307/3420027 10.2193/2008-077 10.1038/scientificamerican0496-113 10.1080/2576117x.2018.1423834 10.3368/er.9.2.69 10.1353/scu.1999.0028 10.1145/3038912.3052589 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.0766f.x 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04104.x 10.3928/0098-9134-19861001-03 10.1111/j.1467-9205.2008.00354.x 10.1308/135576104773711237 10.1145/3122986.3123018 10.1126/science.1252-c 10.1080/01639374.2010.496313 10.1002/j.2048-7940.1995.tb01584.x 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1988.tb01321.x 10.1179/1740714114z.00000000024 10.1080/00431672.1981.9931969 10.1001/jama.1978.03280530023006 10.2307/3979178 10.1096/fj.170801ufm 10.1021/ed077p610 10.1017/s1041610297004262 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01812.x 10.1177/0261927x93124003 10.1089/cyber.2010.9995 10.1055/s-2005-925550 10.2307/3471134 10.1128/jvi.00560-11 10.2307/3417599 10.1111/j.0022-3840.1972.0601_122.x 10.1109/ms.2000.10042 10.1002/ajmg.1320460538 10.1037/h0038952 10.1111/j.1468-3156.1977.tb00328.x 10.2307/20033417 10.3821/1913-701x-142.5.205.a 10.2143/epn.16.1.2005890 10.1002/hep.23070 10.17161/iallt.v19i3-4.9172 10.1176/ps.41.10.1143-a 10.1111/j.1744-618x.1997.tb00125.x 10.1177/104747570201700401 10.2307/40322750 10.1074/jbc.e116.000002 10.2307/4386656 10.1177/088572889601900204 10.1080/09502380701279051 10.1080/15265160802147223 10.1093/nq/s3-vii.169.250-f 10.1080/00221546.2000.11778851 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80641-8 10.2307/2845408 10.3109/01913128609064192 10.1300/j201v01n02_02 10.2307/3432596 10.2307/3962637 10.1123/nirsa.17.2.34 10.1177/021849239500300101 10.1038/scientificamerican1094-26a 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00034.x 10.1016/j.profnurs.2005.10.009 10.1017/9781316816936.002 10.1080/14791420.2013.806153 10.2307/415183 10.2307/1496575 10.1001/archderm.136.11.1406 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.245 10.2307/372679 10.1080/00357529.1961.11766487 10.1145/173770.1040011 10.1001/archotol.1974.00780040173001 10.5408/0022-1368-25.1.29 10.1089/bar.2011.9981 10.2307/3397767 10.32614/rj-2012-016 10.2193/2008077 10.4324/9781315698205 10.1145/2858796.2858803 10.1300/j502v01n02_01 10.1177/136346159703400114 10.1111/dial.12162 10.1142/s0129183104005772 10.1177/002205741808802008 10.2307/44279572 10.1093/nq/s3-vii.163.115-h 10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00051.x 10.1145/3405656.3418717 10.25035/ijare.07.03.02 10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.22.1.0028 10.1177/00220345980770080101 10.2307/4341452 10.1080/00325481.1981.11715872 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00289-6 10.5840/monist2008913/432 10.1177/026009358904000102 10.1515/9783110850970.181 10.1126/science.332.6036.1360-a 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31263-3 10.3109/j427v02n01_01 10.1126/science.246.4935.1252-c 10.15331/jdsm.4146 10.1080/13575341.1998.10806989 10.1080/1606635031000141111 10.1016/j.amj.2010.04.006 10.1063/1.4823386 10.1177/001100008000900106 10.1080/23267224.1928.10652010 10.2307/40252891 10.1300/j427v02n01_01 10.1177/030857590302700412 10.1080/00336297.1964.10519549 10.1177/104438942600700108 10.1002/9781119249450.ch18 10.1001/jama.1960.03020320060017 10.15695/vl.v3i0.4853 10.1177/104837139000300309 10.2307/803867 10.2307/3966857 10.1352/0047-6765(2002)0400059:wian2.0.co;2 10.1017/s0956536199102025 10.2307/3964233 10.1126/science.caredit.a1400107 10.1080/03759873.1941.9631103 10.1038/scientificamerican1104-36 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1982.tb01501.x 10.1089/ind.2013.1583 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2002.tb00226.x 10.1016/s1875-9122(11)70163-8 10.1001/archsurg.2011.135 10.2307/3471155 10.1037/008043 10.1093/ptj/70.4.218 10.1097/01.prs.0000127240.30303.87 10.2307/1496297
Document information
Published on 01/01/2017
Volume 2017, 2017
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-493x.1968.tb00098.x
Licence: Other
Share this document
Keywords
claim authorship
Are you one of the authors of this document?