Does Commuting Affect Health?

Abstract

This paper analyzes the relation between commuting time and health in the United Kingdom. I focus on four different types of health outcomes: subjective health measures, objective health measures, health behavior, and health care utilization. Fixed effect models are estimated with British Household Panel Survey data. I find that whereas objective health and health behavior are barely affected by commuting time, subjective health measures are clearly lower for people who commute longer. A longer commuting time is, moreover, related to more visits to the general practitioner. Effects turn out to be more pronounced for women and for commuters driving a car. For women, commuting time is also negatively related to regular exercise and positively to calling in sick.

Original document

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

• http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3199

• http://ftp.iza.org/dp9031.pdf

• http://hdl.handle.net/10419/110763

• https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/5417882f-b9f6-4d56-9dc4-745cabb724c7

• https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/94f4a593-d05d-4b48-b7a0-bb9363087274

• https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/110763/1/dp9031.pdf

• https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fhec.3199,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2587597224

• https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fhec.3199,

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hec.3199,

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