Occurrence and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Formed in Developing Wells and Pipelines

Abstract

Deposition and precipitation of paraffin wax in pipelines are major problems in the production, transfer, storage, and processing of crude oil. To prevent complete clogging, it is necessary to minimize and remove deposited wax in pipelines and tubing. Significant research has been done addressing the mechanisms of wax formation and its composition. In this review, the status of research and perspectives on the occurrence and characterization of the paraffin wax that forms in crude oil developing wells and pipelines has been critically reviewed. Several approaches for detecting paraffin wax and managing wax formation damage during oil recovery were discussed. This review also highlighted the effects of temperature and crude oil type on wax formation.

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• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060967 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by

• https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/967/pdf under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

• http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/967,

https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 under the license cc-by

• https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/967,

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/967/pdf,

https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i6p967-d213439.html,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2921651553

• https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/967/pdf,

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060967

under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/