Assessment of the Seismic Retrofitting of a Historical Masonry Mosque by means of Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

Abstract

Seismic actions have been a great challenge for structures in the structural engineering community, and the need for further developments has been approved by catastrophic seismic events at each time. Reproducing the dynamic behavior of structures with an acceptable level of accuracy is a complex task due to uncertainties related to the geometrical, material and physical structural system, more particularly, in the case of existing historical masonry structures. The use of dynamic analysis is a better choice than the use of static or quasi-static approaches since it is a better representation of the dynamic response of a structure by taking account of its energy dissipation capacity. The scope of the present paper is focused on a seismic assessment of a historical masonry structure, Kütahya Kurşunlu Mosque located in Turkey, before and after it has been retrofitted. The historical mosque is located in a seismic prone zone where it is crucial to ensure seismic safety of structures and the local community. Based on the condition of the structure reported from the site inspections, a seismi retrofitting by using steel girder elements was implemented on the structural load-bearing walls. The effectiveness of the seismic retrofitting to the seismic response of the mosque was investigated by means of the finite element method. Three bi-directional nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed by using real ground motion records aiming at the validation of the nonlinear dynamic response of the numerical model in terms of damage patterns, and demonstration of the contribution of the seismic retrofitting by comparing the representative model with its retrofitted counterpart. The comparison has been carried out in terms of peak displacement and damage patterns. It is found that the contribution of the seismic retrofitting is considerable for the out-of-plane displacements of the load-bearing walls. Furthermore, a good correlation between existing damage and the numerical damage is achieved, and, therefore, the validation of the nonlinear response of the representative model is attained.

Full document

References

[1] ICOMOS, “ICOMOS Turkey Architectural Heritage Conservation Charter,” 2013.

[2] P. Roca, “The study and restoration of historical structures: From principles to practice,” in Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, 2006, pp. 9–24.

[3] P. B. Lourenço, N. Mendes, L. F. Ramos, and D. V. Oliveira, “Analysis of masonry structures without box behavior,” Int. J. Archit. Herit., vol. 5, no. 4–5, pp. 369–382, 2011.

[4] T. Rockwell, “North Anatolian Fault,” in Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, P. T. Bobrowsky, Ed. Springer, 2013, pp. 738–739.

[5] H. . Akyüz et al., “Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake (M 7.1), North Anatolian Fault, Bolu, Turkey,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 61–66, 2002.

[6] FX+ for DIANA, “Midas FX+ for DIANA, Customized Pre/Post-processor for DIANA.” MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd., 2013.

[7] P. B. Lourenço, “Computations on historic masonry structures,” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 301–319, 2002.

[8] A. Aşıkoğlu, Ö. Avşar, P. B. Lourenço, and L. C. Silva, “Effectiveness of seismic retrofitting of a historical masonry structure: Kütahya Kurşunlu Mosque, Turkey,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 3365–3395, 2019.

[9] L. C. Silva, N. Mendes, P. B. Lourenço, and J. Ingham, “Seismic Structural Assessment of the Christchurch Catholic Basilica, New Zealand,” Structures, vol. 15, pp. 115–130, 2018.

[10] N. Mendes and P. B. Lourenço, “Sensitivity analysis of the seismic performance of ancient masonry buildings,” Eng. Struct., vol. 80, pp. 137–146, 2014.

[11] DIANA FEA, “User’s Manual Release 10.2.” The Netherlands, 2017.

[12] TEC, “Turkish Earthquake Code: Specifications for the Buildings to be Constructured in Disaster Areas,” in Official Gazette No 26454, 2007.

[13] M. D. Trifunac and A. G. Brady, “A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 581–626, 1975.

[14] TR-NSMN, “Strong Motion Database,” AFAD.

[15] N. Mendes, “Seismic Assessment of Ancient Masonry Buildings : Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Analysis,” PhD Thesis, University of Minho, 2012.

[16] A. Aşıkoğlu, “Numerical Investigation on the Effectiveness of Seismic Retrofitting of a Historical Masonry Mosque,” MSc Thesis, Anadolu University, 2018.