Documents published in Scipedia

• Els primers anys. Estudis de Comunicació a la UAB. Antecedents i inicis (1971-1985) (Miquel de Moragas)

  E. EPI

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (1), 64

  
  

  Abstract

  Los estudios universitarios de comunicación en España se iniciaron en 1971 con la creación de las facultades de ciencias de la información, y lo hicieron simultáneamente en Barcelona (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB), en Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM) y en Pamplona (Universidad de Navarra). Unos años después, en 1981, se creó la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Comunicación en la Universidad del País Vasco, a la que seguirían las facultades de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca (1988), Universidad de Sevilla (1989), Santiago de Compostela (1991), Málaga (1992) y Pompeu Fabra en Barcelona (1992). En la actualidad, cuando se conmemora el 50 aniversario de aquellas primeras facultades, la práctica totalidad de universidades de España ofrecen, en distintos formatos, estudios de comunicación.

  Abstract
  Los estudios universitarios de comunicación en España se iniciaron en 1971 con la creación de las facultades de ciencias de la información, y lo hicieron simultáneamente [...]

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• Docencia e investigación en Comunicación en España (María del Mar Ramírez Alvarado; Jorge Clemente-Mediavilla, coords.)

  E. EPI

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (1), 63

  
  

  Abstract

  La obra hace un recorrido por la historia, consolidación y crecimiento de las Facultades que imparten titulaciones de Comunicación en España. Es parte del trabajo editorial que se desarrolla desde la Asociación de Universidades con Titulaciones en Información y Comunicación (ATIC). Por una parte, se ofrece una perspectiva diacrónica que recoge el camino recorrido en Comunicación a través de una contextualización histórica de las Facultades; por otra, realiza una radiografía actual de las titulaciones que se ofertan, y del perfil del alumnado y profesorado. Se explica cómo se gestaron las facultades de Comunicación y por qué han sido y son relevantes para la consolidación de la estructura comunicativa en España. Los autores de este volumen son decanos y miembros de los equipos decanales de las Facultades integradas en ATIC; de ahí que la publicación tenga el valor de presentar, a partir del conocimiento efectivo y profundo que brinda la gestión universitaria, cómo funcionan y cuáles son sus características.

  Abstract
  La obra hace un recorrido por la historia, consolidación y crecimiento de las Facultades que imparten titulaciones de Comunicación en España. Es parte del trabajo editorial [...]

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• Spanish scientific output in Communication indexed on Web of Science: contextualization and presence in the Shanghai Ranking

  R. Repiso, A. Moreno-Delgado

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (2), 62

  
  

  Abstract

  The field of Communication in Spain is analyzed, contextualizing Spanish output at a global and local level between the years 2000 and 2020. Based on a descriptive bibliometric analysis of the Communication category of the Social Sciences Citation Index database, part of Web of Science, the impact of the main countries is identified. The weight of the output in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) database between 2015 and 2020 is also studied. An analysis of the output by universities in Spain for the period 2010–2020 is also carried out, comparing it with the impact and the works in the first quartile. The results reveal that Spain has been the fourth country in terms of output in Communication in the last decade and that Austria stands out as the country whose works have the greatest impact. It is also observed that 67% of Spain’s works in Communication are published in journals that are indexed in ESCI. The impact of Spanish universities is very close to the world average. The Universitat Pompeu Fabra stands out, publishing the most articles and, furthermore, being the Spanish university with most papers in the first quartile of the JCR in Communication between 2010 and 2020. The study of the Shanghai Ranking by area includes eight Spanish universities, only three of which have output in Communication that comes mainly from professors in this area. The role of the Spanish journals Comunicar and Profesional de la información is notable, as they publish a large fraction of the output by Spanish universities in the Communication field. Finally, this paper presents the challenges of research in Communication, as well as those related to its bibliometric analysis, and a reflection on the problems that affect scientific production and research in this subject area.

  Abstract
  The field of Communication in Spain is analyzed, contextualizing Spanish output at a global and local level between the years 2000 and 2020. Based on a descriptive bibliometric [...]

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• Educational influence of knowledge of the masked presence of alcohol on Instagram on behavior change

  J. Bermejo-Berros

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (4), 61

  
  

  Abstract

  The push strategy of anti-alcohol campaigns targeting young people, both in traditional media and on social media, has shown a limited capacity to contribute to the development of healthy behaviors. Even when young people know about the harmful effects of alcohol, they develop reactance attitudes, self-affirmation reactions, defensive responses, and neutralization of the persuasive attempts of institutional messages. It is necessary to seek new educational communication strategies that are effective in modifying behaviors favorable to alcohol consumption among young people. The aim of this research is to implement an educational method that favors this change toward healthy behaviors. On the basis of the Instagram campaign “Like my addiction,” 124 young people (age: M = 23.6 years, SD = 2.8 years) participated for 3 weeks in three phases to test whether the presence of alcohol on Instagram had an impact on their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as the effectiveness of the educational method tested. Half of the subjects followed a process of becoming aware of the presence of alcohol in this Instagram campaign and then participated in an interactive process of discussion according to the critical–dialogical educational method. The results show that this educational method is effective. Subjects in the control group who did not follow the method did not modify their behavior on Instagram. In contrast, the experimental group became aware of the masked presence of alcohol on Instagram. These subjects exhibit self-persuasion that makes them modify their activity favorably between the pre-test and post-test phase as they change their attitudes and behaviors toward alcohol. The results show that the critical–dialogical formative method can be favorably applied to implement campaigns and educational actions to fight alcohol addiction among young people.

  Abstract
  The push strategy of anti-alcohol campaigns targeting young people, both in traditional media and on social media, has shown a limited capacity to contribute to the development [...]

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• Effects of narrative-persuasive frames on Twitter regarding blood donation: pride versus empathy and people versus numbers

  P. Durántez-Stolle, R. Martínez-Sanz, I. Rodríguez-de-Dios

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (4), 60

  
  

  Abstract

  Blood donation in Spain is an altruistic, voluntary and unpaid process. Despite its social and health significance, this process has suffered a standstill in recent years that has been aggravated by the coronavirus pandemic. To promote the generation of new donors, it is necessary to carry out campaigns aimed at younger age groups to improve the information they have and reduce their fears. This research analyses the effectiveness of different frames of a persuasive narrative to increase blood donation. These frames have been constructed from two variables: an emotional appeal (empathy awakened by a recipient protagonist versus the pride experienced by a donor protagonist) and the identification of the beneficiary of the donation (identifiable victim versus generic beneficiary). The manipulated narratives incorporate features of edutainment and are adapted to the tone and language of the target population, young people, in the format of a Twitter thread. To test the effectiveness of these narratives, an experimental study was conducted among 600 participants aged 18–30 years. The results show the effectiveness of the emotional appeal, specifically in the threads that are led by a recipient of the blood donation. This appeal induces greater identification among people who perceive themselves as a little or somewhat similar to the protagonist. This outcome in turn positively affects information recall, the intention to share the message and the attitude towards donation, and reduces the perceived risk. All in all, it increases the donation intention. The data confirm a moderated mediation model with identification as a mediator and similarity as a moderator. On the contrary, no statistically significant effects were found regarding the second manipulated variable. No evidence was found that the use of an identifiable beneficiary in the donation appeal obtained better results than the call to donate supported by generic data.

  Abstract
  Blood donation in Spain is an altruistic, voluntary and unpaid process. Despite its social and health significance, this process has suffered a standstill in recent years [...]

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• Speakers’ expressions before and in a public presentation. Pleasantness, emotional valence, credibility, and comprehension effects

  E. Rodero, O. Larrea, L. Mas

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (4), 59

  
  

  Abstract

  When a speaker engages in public speaking, the expression shown while delivering the speech determines the effectiveness of the communication and can be very influential in organizational settings. However, in public speaking, the audience can often see the speaker before the presentation begins. Therefore, the public could hypothetically gain an impression on the basis of the speakers’ expressions even before performing the presentation. With this idea in mind, the goal of this research is to analyze the influence of speakers’ expressions before delivering a speech and during the presentation. The study included two brown-haired/dark-eyed male and female and two blonde-haired/blue-eyed male and female presenters to investigate the effect of appearance and gender. A total of 200 participants looked at the speakers’ pictures with five different expressions before delivering the speech. They then watched videos with the same speakers and similar expressions while delivering the speech. The results showed that happiness was the most pleasant and positive expression, followed by confidence, indifference, shyness, and anger, when the participants watched the speakers before the presentation. However, confidence was considered the most pleasant, credible, and comprehensible expression, followed by happiness, anger, shyness, and indifference, while giving the speech. In both cases, female presenters were perceived as the most pleasant, and brown-haired/dark-eyed speakers were considered the most pleasant, credible, and comprehensible. The speakers’ expressions were perceived as more intense before the speech than during the discourse. This line of research helps understand the influence of these two crucial moments in presentations, and the results may be transferred into practice for public speaking training.

  Abstract
  When a speaker engages in public speaking, the expression shown while delivering the speech determines the effectiveness of the communication and can be very influential in [...]

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• Perception of the leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain in television conferences about Covid-19

  E. Rodero

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (4), 58

  
  

  Abstract

  The discourses of the political leaders about the Covid-19 pandemic have become central to many television networks. Many citizens follow these press conferences, as they can be affected by the government’s measures against the virus. Due to its importance, analyzing how these individuals perceive their political leaders in these television appearances is relevant to determining their influence. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the perception of the ex-President of the United States (Donald Trump), the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Boris Johnson), and the President of the Government of Spain (Pedro Sánchez) in television conferences devoted to battling against the Covid-19 pandemic. After watching two videos of each leader, a gender-balanced sample of 360 citizens of these three countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain) evaluated the politicians’ attractiveness, credibility, and persuasiveness as well as the influence of these factors on the public’s attitude toward them and voting intention using an online survey. The results showed that the Spanish President, Pedro Sánchez, was considered the most attractive, credible, and persuasive leader with the most favorable attitude toward him and the highest voting intention, followed by the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, and the American politician, Donald Trump. Therefore, the most physically and vocally attractive leader with the highest credibility and persuasiveness achieved the most favorable attitude and the highest voting intention. The most influential variables of the structural model analyzed in this study were persuasiveness and credibility, which mainly affected the attitude toward the politician and, to a lesser extent, voting intention.

  Abstract
  The discourses of the political leaders about the Covid-19 pandemic have become central to many television networks. Many citizens follow these press conferences, as they [...]

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• Characteristics of the Spanish podcast sphere. Between democratization and commercial logic

  J. Gamir-Ríos, L. Cano-Orón

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (5), 57

  
  

  Abstract

  After an initial period characterized by experimentation, amateurism, small audiences, technological difficulties, and scarce funding, podcasting is now fully consolidated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the Spanish podcast sphere: its structural, personal, thematic, formal, economic, and dissemination aspects. To this end, a content analysis of 21 variables was applied to the 206 programs that attained the highest popularity in the general rankings of Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and iVoox during the first quarter of 2021. Along the structural dimension, the results reveal the preponderance of digital-native podcasts in comparison with previously broadcast podcasts, and of podcasts promoted by radio stations or those associated with networks over independent ones. Regarding the personnel involved, programs produced by professionals from the media or other cultural industries are more popular than those produced by amateurs, while those presented by men are more popular than those presented by women. Regarding their themes, content related to mystery and/or crime, history, entertainment, and emotional well-being predominates. In the formal sphere, the majority of programs are exclusively audio programs, produced weekly and in Spanish, with a limited presence of the other co-official languages in Spain. In terms of funding, the most common situation is production by media groups or podcast networks, followed by monetization on YouTube and offering additional services. Based on all this, the main conclusion of this study is that podcasting in Spain has abandoned the democratizing potential attributed to it by some theorists and researchers in its beginnings to become embedded in a largely commercial logic.    

  Abstract
  After an initial period characterized by experimentation, amateurism, small audiences, technological difficulties, and scarce funding, podcasting is now fully consolidated. [...]

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• Mobile instant messaging techno-stressors: Measurement, dimensionality, and relationships with type of usage

  A. Ardèvol-Abreu, C. Rodríguez-Wangüemert, P. Delponti

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (4), 56

  
  

  Abstract

  Increasingly popular mobile instant messaging (MIM) apps allow users to interact anytime and anywhere with different purposes, such as coordinating work-related issues, staying in touch with people they love, or passing the time. But recent research suggests that MIM may create excessive demands on people and become a source of technostress. For example, users may experience communication overload, invasion of their face-to-face activities, pressure to respond to messages with urgency, or ambiguity regarding the intention or tone of their interactions. Building on these ideas, we develop a specific, multidimensional measure of MIM technostress and explore how it relates to different uses. To do so, we use survey data from a diverse sample of 1,259 residents in Spain. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted on different halves of the sample supported a four-dimensional, second-level construct of MIM stress. Furthermore, structural equation model results suggest that not all uses are equally associated with MIM stress. Relatedness and intimacy uses were not positively related to MIM stress or any of its dimensions. Conversely, work uses, coordination of social activity, and even passing the time were positively associated with all techno-stressors. We discuss our findings with an eye toward promoting healthy use of MIM apps.

  Abstract
  Increasingly popular mobile instant messaging (MIM) apps allow users to interact anytime and anywhere with different purposes, such as coordinating work-related issues, staying [...]

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• Photojournalism and Covid-19: representation and invisibility during the first confinement in Spain

  R. Pardo, M. Morcate

  El profesional de la información (2022). Vol. 31, (2), 55

  
  

  Abstract

  The State of Alarm period declared by the Spanish Government due to the coronavirus crisis has had an exhaustive media coverage. However, it is observed how the visual story / narrative that has been published in the newspapers goes beyond the health field, focusing mainly on aspects of a social, political or economic nature. The types of images with the greatest presence in the representation of the harshest weeks of the pandemic determine the type of coverage, causing some relevant aspects to be minimized or invisibilized, and conditions the impact and the understanding of the severity of the disease in the society, in a particularly difficult and decisive moment such as the confinement of citizens. In the same way, the published images will have a later impact as a document by becoming part of the historical memory in the future. This article focuses on the analysis of the images published during the State of Alarm in three of the most relevant and broader scope national newspapers (El país, La vanguardia and El mundo), which is complemented by semi-directed interviews with several photojournalists who have covered Covid-19 during its first stage. The cataloging of the photographs in various categories is intended to observe the type of story that has been made visible of the Covid-19 (assessing the way in which this pandemic is being shown as an epidemic or syndemic), as well as to detect some of the most present and/or recurring visual representations and identify which are the most prominent absences.

  Abstract
  The State of Alarm period declared by the Spanish Government due to the coronavirus crisis has had an exhaustive media coverage. However, it is observed how the visual story [...]

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