Documents published in Scipedia

• Financing of high capacity roads

  A. Garola Crespo, B. Segui, G. Sabater

  Abstracts_4rceec (2024). 101

  
  

  Abstract

  The financing of transport infrastructure is one of the elements that have generated and continue to generate debate. In the case of high-capacity roads, this debate has been complicated by the presence of different types: free roads, toll roads and shadow tolls, which have coexisted without developing a homogeneous model on a territorial scale. The end of the concessions of certain toll roads, including AP7 and AP2, which are basic and structuring roads of the country's road system, was an opportunity to define a future proposal for high-capacity roads . In the end, users have opted for free, which implies that management tasks, maintenance, repairs and new investments will be taken over by the administration. Taking this context into account, the presentation aims to make a global reflection on the financing of these high-capacity roads and the consequences of the various financing models. Therefore, a discussion is proposed that incorporates the following elements: An analysis of the forms of payment for high-capacity roads on a European scale, whether it is done through payment for use or payment via taxes, and how the Spanish case fits within this context. Based on several studies and analysis carried out, it will be determined what the cost could be for the administration to manage these roads in the Spanish case, and the repercussions that could have to implement a payment model for users, either based on a toll kilometer, or a toll per time, systems in force in different European countries. Based on the data from the family budget survey and other surveys on the subject, the impact on equity of these financing models is considered. Finally, the relationship between the financing of these high-capacity roads and the resources for public transport. Therefore, a global reflection that will be carried out on the basis of existing studies, and that will generate a discussion on how to approach the financing of these routes.

  Abstract
  The financing of transport infrastructure is one of the elements that have generated and continue to generate debate. In the case of high-capacity roads, this debate has [...]

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• Social impact of the ZBE (Low Emission Zone) of Barcelona Ring. A cost-benefit analysis

  A. Garola Crespo, B. Segui, G. Sabater

  Abstracts_4rceec (2024). 103

  
  

  Abstract

  In the European Union there are more than 200 experiences of cities that have a Low Emission Zone, as a mechanism to reduce pollution caused by traffic in urban areas. This instrument adopts different names, "clean air zones", "environmental zones", "limited traffic zones", etc., but they all have in common the establishment of restrictions on urban transit. Specifically, the Spanish regulations foresee that ZBEs are established in cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, and therefore it will become a widely generalized tool. At the same time, a broad consensus is gradually being consolidated on the need to assess the social impact of the actions that are carried out, especially in the field of public management, where decisions have been to justify based on the interests of the citizens. This presentation presents an analysis of this impact based on the application of a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), a microeconomic approach that is contextualized within the welfare economy and that aims to reproduce, on a social scale, the behavior of a rational agent when comparing the advantages and disadvantages of an economic action This approach integrates all the impacts that the project has on society, in the form of benefits and social costs, valued monetarily, to estimate the resulting effect or the net social benefit of its development. This monetization is the basis of ACB methods, as it is the unit of account that allows heterogeneous benefits and costs to be compared. It is, therefore, a criterion for making collective decisions considering the aggregated individual preferences, expressed economically, either by the willingness to pay or by the costs avoided due to the differential effects that will predictably occur. This methodology will be applied to the Low Emissions Zone of the Rondes de Barcelona. A double result is intended. On the one hand, explain how this methodology can be applied to the analysis of a ZBE and its limitations. On the other hand, to obtain results to quantify the net impact of its implementation on the well-being of the population. In other words, comparing the benefits it generates with the costs derived from its establishment. The conclusions of the work show that it is a positive action, in the sense that the environmental benefits it generates compensate, in sufficiently significant figures, the costs of carrying it out. Therefore, they generate a net positive impact on well-being. But the fact that the global balance is positive does not mean that it is positive for all the agents involved. Therefore, although it is not part of the scope of this work, it must be taken into account, in order to develop complementary actions that can limit the opposition of groups directly affected.

  Abstract
  In the European Union there are more than 200 experiences of cities that have a Low Emission Zone, as a mechanism to reduce pollution caused by traffic in urban areas. This [...]

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• Social leasing for electric vehicles

  A. Garola Crespo, B. Segui, G. Sabater

  Abstracts_4rceec (2024). 102

  
  

  Abstract

  The European Union has established certain climate commitments to alleviate the harmful effects of pollution on the planet. One of the goals is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The transport sector is considered one of the largest emitters of pollutants, so it will be crucial to urgently reduce carbon emissions derived from fossil fuels, widely used by the country's current fleet of vehicles. Although there is a commitment to policies and alternatives that promote more sustainable mobility, encouraging active mobility and public transport, the use of private vehicles will continue to be essential in various situations, so it is necessary to look for less polluting alternatives in the use of the private vehicle. The electric vehicle is presented as the main alternative to combustion vehicles, due to its lower impact on carbon emissions, although there are still several challenges in the large-scale replacement of the most polluting vehicles. One of these challenges is the social gap in access to electric vehicles since the acquisition and maintenance of this type of vehicle will be unfeasible for the population, which generally require a larger initial investment. To reduce this gap, some solutions have been tested, among them, the so-called social leasing of electric vehicles, a French project aimed at narrowing the current access gap and allowing the electric vehicle to also be accessible to people with less purchasing power, thanks to government subsidy programs that supplement the payment of an affordable monthly fee for low-middle income earners. In this presentation, we propose to present the methodology and some of the results of the implementation of a social leasing service for electric vehicles applied to the Spanish case. Based on the analysis of microdata, different scenarios will be proposed that take into account social demand and the most suitable population profile to benefit from the service, the economic viability and the costs derived from the implementation of the leasing service, as well as the environmental impact The results will be compared with current car purchase subsidies, and the impact on equality.

  Abstract
  The European Union has established certain climate commitments to alleviate the harmful effects of pollution on the planet. One of the goals is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [...]

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