Alex Barbat Profile : Scipedia

Alex Barbat 3535

Professor Emeritus at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering

Alex Barbat 3535

Professor Emeritus at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering

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Alex Barbat's technical and research reports

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Alex Barbat's Technical Reports is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the technical reports written by prof [...]

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Alex Barbat's monographs

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Alex Barbat's Monographs is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the monographs written by prof Alex [...]

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Alex Barbat's chapters of books

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Alex Barbat's Research Reports is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the research reports written by prof [...]

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Alex Barbat's articles in WoS/Scopus journals

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Alex's Barbat Journal Papers is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the scientific papers published [...]

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Documents published in Scipedia

Non-linear seismic analysis of RC structures with energy-dissipating devices
P. Mata, A. Barbat, S. Oller, R. Boroschek

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING (2009). 78, 1037–1075

Abstract
The poor performance of some reinforced concrete (RC) structures during strong earthquakes has alerted about the need of improving their seismic behavior, especially when they are designed according to obsolete codes and show low structural damping, important second-order effects and low ductility, among other defects. These characteristics allow proposing the use of energy-dissipating devices for improving their seismic behavior. In this work, the non-linear dynamic response of RC buildings with energy dissipators is studied using advanced computational techniques. A fully geometric and constitutive non-linear model for the description of the dynamic behavior of framed structures is developed. The model is based on the geometrically exact formulation for beams in finite deformation. Points on the cross section are composed of several simple materials. The mixing theory is used to treat the resulting composite. A specific type of element is proposed for modeling the dissipators including the corresponding constitutive relations. Special attention is paid to the development of local and global damage indices for describing the performance of the buildings. Finally, numerical tests are presented for validating the ability of the model for reproducing the non-linear seismic response of buildings with dissipators.
Abstract
The poor performance of some reinforced concrete (RC) structures during strong earthquakes has alerted about the need of improving their seismic behavior, especially when [...]
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SSP algorithm for linear and non-linear dynamic response simulation
F. López-Almansa, A. Barbat, J. Rodellar

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING (1988). 26, 2687-2706

Abstract
A direct integration algorithm to solve the spatially discretized equations of motion of a structure is proposed. This algorithm formulates the equations of motion in state space and uses their analytical solution to derive a recursive discrete-time equation. The proposed structural state procedure (SSP) can be considered as a generalization for multi-degree-of-freedom systems of the Duhamel's integral used for single-degree-of-freedom systems. It can be noted that the proposed SSP algorithm does not need a previous modal uncoupling of the equations of motion and consequently it does not require any hypothesis about damping. SSP is shown to be stable and to give accurate results with a reasonable computation time. Stability and accuracy essentially depend on the computation of the system matrix. The SSP algorithm is combined with an iterative scheme to obtain the response of structures with non-linear behaviour. Two examples of application of SSP are included: seismic response of a building structure with linear behaviour and free vibration of a non-linear system with imposed initial conditions.
Abstract
A direct integration algorithm to solve the spatially discretized equations of motion of a structure is proposed. This algorithm formulates the equations of motion in state [...]
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Comparing observed damages and losses with modelled ones using a probabilistic approach: The Lorca 2011 case
M. Salgado-Galvez, A. Barbat, O. Cardona, M. Carreño

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (2016). 19, 355– 365, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.09.008

Abstract
A loss and damage assessment was performed for the buildings of Lorca, Spain, considering an earthquake hazard scenario with similar characteristics to those of a real event which occurred on May 11th, 2011, in terms of epicentre, depth and magnitude while also considering the local soil response. This low-to moderate earthquake caused severe damage and disruption in the region and especially on the city. A building by building resolution database was developed and used for damage and loss assessment. The portfolio of buildings was characterized by means of indexes capturing information from a structural point of view such as age, main construction materials, number of stories, and building class as well as others related to age and vulnerability classes. A replacement cost approach was selected for the analysis in order to calculate the direct losses incurred by the event. Seismic hazard and vulnerability were modelled in a probabilistic way, considering their inherent uncertainties which were also taken into account in the damage and loss calculation process. Losses have been expressed in terms of the mean damage ratio of each dwelling and since the analysis has been performed on a geographical information system platform, the distribution of the damage and its categories was mapped for the entire urban centre. The simulated damages and losses were compared with the observed ones reported by the local authorities and institutions that inspected the city after the event.
Abstract
A loss and damage assessment was performed for the buildings of Lorca, Spain, considering an earthquake hazard scenario with similar characteristics to those of a real event [...]
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Seismic and wind vulnerability assessment for the GAR-13 global risk assessment
L. Yamin, A. Hurtado, A. Barbat, O. Cardona

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (2014). 10, 452 – 460, http://dx.doi.org/10.101 6/j.ijdrr.2014.05.007

Abstract
A general methodology to evaluate vulnerability functions suitable for a probabilistic global risk assessment is proposed. The methodology is partially based in the methodological approach of the Multi-hazard Loss Estimation Methodology (Hazus) developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The vulnerability assessment process considers the resolution, information and limitations established for both the hazard and exposure models adopted. Seismic and wind vulnerability functions are estimated for each one of the building classes defined in typical global exposure databases. They consider possible variations according to the design level in different regions of the world which accounts for variations of the expected quality of construction and the design code compliance level. In addition, a consistent, expert opinion based methodology is proposed in order to assign particular vulnerability functions to building classes according to the development level of each country, the city complexity and the hazard level of the region. The proposed set of vulnerability functions and the assignment procedure were used for the probabilistic global risk assessment made in the framework of the UNISDR’s Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, GAR 2013. Recommendations for the refinement of the methodological approach are included for future global or scaled regional risk assessments.
Abstract
A general methodology to evaluate vulnerability functions suitable for a probabilistic global risk assessment is proposed. The methodology is partially based in the methodological [...]
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RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
C. Velásquez, O. Cardona, M. Carreño, A. Barbat

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (2014). 10, 477–489, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.05.005

Abstract
The existing disaster databases allow analyzing losses produced by previous events and assessing the risk to natural hazard in a similar way as the insurance industry does for vehicles, health, etc., if the conditions and trends are maintained. Among the existing disaster databases, we selected DesInventar whose vast majority of records correspond to “small” events; this selection is of special interest as these small events are often ignored because, individually, they only stroke a few assets accounting for low economic losses. Nevertheless, their accumulated effect can have a significant impact over the economic and fiscal sustainability of urban areas, regions or countries. Also, considering the difficulties involved in assessing risk for those small disasters, like the lack of general models and the elevated susceptibility to local variables of the results, this approach can give answers so far unavailable. The methodology herein proposed has been applied to the assessment of risk (in the terms of the loss exceedance curve) in 23 countries.
Abstract
The existing disaster databases allow analyzing losses produced by previous events and assessing the risk to natural hazard in a similar way as the insurance industry does [...]
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Holistic Disaster Risk Evaluation for the Urban Risk Management Plan of Manizales, Colombia
M. Carreño, O. Cardona, A. Barbat, D. Suarez, M. Perez, L. Narvaez

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science (2017). 8, 258–269, DOI 10.1007/s13753-01 7-0136-7

Abstract
Disaster risk depends on both the physical vulnerability and a wide range of social, economic, and environmental aspects of a society. For a better risk understanding, a holistic or integrated perspective was considered when risk was assessed for the city of Manizales, Colombia. This assessment accounts not only for the expected physical damage and loss, but also for the socioeconomic vulnerability factors that favor second order effects in a disaster. This comprehensive approach allows the identification of different aspects related to physical vulnerability, social fragility, and lack of resilience that can be improved, thus enhancing integrated disaster risk management actions. The outcomes of this comprehensive assessment are currently being used as input to update the disaster risk management plan of Manizales.
Abstract
Disaster risk depends on both the physical vulnerability and a wide range of social, economic, and environmental aspects of a society. For a better risk understanding, a holistic [...]
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Modernist Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Buildings of Barcelona: Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
R. González-Drigo, A. Avila-Haro, A. Barbat, L. Pujades, Y. Vargas, S. Lagomarsino, S. Cattari

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE (2015). 9, 214-230

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to assess the vulnerability and seismic risk of typical existing modernist unreinforced masonry (URM) modernist buildings and aggregates situated in the Eixample district of Barcelona, part of the architectural heritage of the city. The context of the analysis is the methodology proposed by the Risk-UE project. The buildings are characterized by their capacity spectrum and the earthquake demand is defined by the 5% damped elastic response spectrum, considering deterministic and probabilistic earthquake scenarios. A discussion addresses the basis of the seismic damage states probabilities and the calculated damage index. An important research effort has been focused on the buildings modeling. All the architectural elements and their mechanical properties have been studied and evaluated accurately. It has been evidenced that a detailed and complete knowledge of all the structural elements existing in this type of buildings influence directly their behavior and hence the calculations and the results. The analysis of the isolated buildings and of the aggregate building has been performed for both mentioned seismic scenarios. Finally, a complete discussion of the results is included.
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to assess the vulnerability and seismic risk of typical existing modernist unreinforced masonry (URM) modernist buildings and aggregates [...]
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Probabilistic estimation of annual lost economic production due to premature deaths because of earthquakes
M. Salgado-Galvez, G. Bernal, A. Barbat, M. Carreño, O. Cardona

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment , (2016). 22(2), 543-557, DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1095072

Abstract
A methodology to estimate, in a probabilistic way, the annual cost to society of premature deaths because of earthquakes is proposed in this article. The methodology makes use of results obtained by means of prospective and probabilistic seismic risk assessments where expected deaths caused by the collapse of buildings are obtained. Those results, combined with demographic and macroeconomic indicators such as the age distribution, life expectancy at birth, and per capita gross domestic product, are used to estimate the cost to society in terms of lost productivity due to premature mortality because of earthquakes. The proposed methodology does not attempt to estimate nor assign a cost to human lives at any stage, but the one associated to lost productivity at the societal level. One of the descriptors of the methodology is part of the components of the disability adjusted life year, a widely used metric in the public health field that estimates the burden of diseases based mostly on historical data. As an example, the methodology is applied to Medellín, the second largest city of Colombia, finding that the cost of lost productivity due to premature mortality because of earthquakes has a similar order of magnitude to the direct physical losses in the public and private building stock calculated in a previous probabilistic seismic risk assessment.
Abstract
A methodology to estimate, in a probabilistic way, the annual cost to society of premature deaths because of earthquakes is proposed in this article. The methodology makes [...]
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Holistic Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation of Megacities: Application and Robustness
M. Carreño, O. Cardona, M. Marulanda, A. Barbat

Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering (2009). 7, 167-183, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8609-0_10

Abstract
The holistic evaluation of disaster risk is achieved affecting the physical risk with an impact factor, obtained from contextual conditions, such as the socioeconomic fragility and the lack of resilience, that aggravate the initial physical loss scenario. Available data about these conditions at urban level are necessary to apply the method. Abrief explanation of the model is made in this work to illustrate the benefits of this approach that contributes to the effectiveness of disaster risk management, inviting to the action and identifying the hard and soft weaknesses of urban centres.
Abstract
The holistic evaluation of disaster risk is achieved affecting the physical risk with an impact factor, obtained from contextual conditions, such as the socioeconomic fragility [...]
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A laminated structural finite element for the behavior of large non-linear reinforced concrete structures
C. Escudero, S. Oller, X. Martinez, A. Barbat

Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2016). 119, 78–94

Abstract
In order to correctly predict the kinematics of complex structures, analysis using three-dimensional finite elements (3DFEs) seems to be the best alternative. However, simulation of large multi-layered structures with many plies can be una ordable with 3DFEs because of the excessive computational cost, especially for non-linear materials. In addition, the discretization of very thin layers can lead to highly distorted FEs carrying numerical issues, therefore, reduced models arise as an a ordable solution. This paper describes a new finite element formulation to perform numerical simulations of laminated reinforced concrete structures. The intention of this work is that the proposed scheme can be applied in the analysis of real-life structures where a high amount of computational resources are needed to fulfill the meshing requirements, hence the resulting formulation has to be a compromise between simplicity and efficiency. So that, the condensation of a dimension (thickness), mandatory to model three-dimensional structures with twodimensional finite elements (2DFEs), leads to refer all layers contained within such FEs to a plane, which is typically named middle plane or geometrical plane, since its sole function is to serve as a geometrical reference. This work is based on the assumption that the geometrical plane has to be distinguished from a mechanical plane, which is where the resultant sti ness of all layers is contained. It is also assumed in this work that the mechanical plane changes its position due to non-linear response of the component materials.
Abstract
In order to correctly predict the kinematics of complex structures, analysis using three-dimensional finite elements (3DFEs) seems to be the best alternative. However, simulation [...]
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Articles (Documents not available in Scipedia)

Analysis of Ultra Low Cycle Fatigue problems with the Barcelona plastic damage model and a new isotropic hardening law
X Martinez, S Oller, LG Barbu, AH Barbat, AMP De Jesus

International Journal of Fatigue 73, 132-142, 2015
Hybrid loss exceedance curve (HLEC) for disaster risk assessment
CA Velásquez, OD Cardona, MG Mora, LE Yamin, ML Carreño, ...

Natural hazards 72 (2), 455-479, 2014
Capacity, fragility and damage in reinforced concrete buildings: a probabilistic approach
YF Vargas, LG Pujades, AH Barbat, JE Hurtado

Bulletin of earthquake engineering 11 (6), 2007-2032, 2013
Seismic safety of RC framed buildings designed according to modern codes
JC Vielma, Barbat A., Oller S.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 5 (7), 2011
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for comprehensive risk management: modeling for innovative risk transfer and loss financing mechanisms
OD Cardona, MG Ordaz, L Yamín, S Arámbula, MC Marulanda, A Barbat

The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2008
Viscous damage model for Timoshenko beam structures
AH Barbat, S Oller, E Onate, A Hanganu

International Journal of Solids and Structures 34 (30), 3953-3976, 1997

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COLLECTIONS

Alex Barbat's technical and research reports

Alex Barbat's monographs

Alex Barbat's chapters of books

Alex Barbat's articles in WoS/Scopus journals

Documents published in Scipedia

Non-linear seismic analysis of RC structures with energy-dissipating devices

SSP algorithm for linear and non-linear dynamic response simulation

Comparing observed damages and losses with modelled ones using a probabilistic approach: The Lorca 2011 case

Seismic and wind vulnerability assessment for the GAR-13 global risk assessment

RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

Holistic Disaster Risk Evaluation for the Urban Risk Management Plan of Manizales, Colombia

Modernist Unreinforced Masonry (URM) Buildings of Barcelona: Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment

Probabilistic estimation of annual lost economic production due to premature deaths because of earthquakes

Holistic Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation of Megacities: Application and Robustness

A laminated structural finite element for the behavior of large non-linear reinforced concrete structures

Articles (Documents not available in Scipedia)

Analysis of Ultra Low Cycle Fatigue problems with the Barcelona plastic damage model and a new isotropic hardening law

Hybrid loss exceedance curve (HLEC) for disaster risk assessment

Capacity, fragility and damage in reinforced concrete buildings: a probabilistic approach

Seismic safety of RC framed buildings designed according to modern codes

Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for comprehensive risk management: modeling for innovative risk transfer and loss financing mechanisms

Viscous damage model for Timoshenko beam structures

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