Alex Barbat Profile : Scipedia

Alex Barbat 3535

Professor Emeritus at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering

Alex Barbat 3535

Professor Emeritus at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering

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Alex Barbat's technical and research reports

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Alex Barbat's Technical Reports is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the technical reports written by prof [...]

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Alex Barbat's monographs

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Alex Barbat's Monographs is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the monographs written by prof Alex [...]

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Alex Barbat's chapters of books

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Alex Barbat's Research Reports is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the research reports written by prof [...]

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Alex Barbat's articles in WoS/Scopus journals

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Alex's Barbat Journal Papers is an online archive aimed at collecting, preserving, and disseminating digital copies of the scientific papers published [...]

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Documents published in Scipedia

Evaluation of the overall damage index in reinforced concrete framed structures
R. Aguiar, A. Barbat, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1997). MIS22, ISBN: 84-87867-96-0

Abstract
The main objective of this monograph is to evaluate the overall damage index of framed reinforced concrete structures using different models. In order to achieve this objective it is necessary to identify the parameters that most influence the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings and to propose alternatives for the calculation of some of them. In this context, procedures for calculating variables such as the yielding curvature due to inelastic shear are indicated. The methods for assessing the seismic damage in framed reinforced concrete structures are analyzed, and the correlation between the results obtained with different models in several structures with different reinforcement is studied. Based on this analysis, a simplified methodology for evaluating seismic damage using a global (or overall) index is proposed. The seismic action in most damage evaluation methods is defined by means of accelerograms. Very few methods calculate the damage defining the action by means of response spectra. Although there is no theoretical justification for the possibility of using modal analysis in the context of inelastic analysis, in the seismic analysis of structures this type of calculation is included in all seismic design regulations in the world. The proposed calculation method uses response spectra, is easy to use, can be applied to any type of earthquake, determines the zones that are going to enter into the non-linear range, the maximum lateral displacement that is expected and indicates the overall damage index of the structure.
Abstract
The main objective of this monograph is to evaluate the overall damage index of framed reinforced concrete structures using different models. In order to achieve this objective [...]
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Modeling of seismic hazard
J. Canas, J. Egozcue, J. Miquel, A. Barbat

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1996). MIS21, ISBN: 84-87867-83-9

Abstract
The design and construction of structures in seismic areas requires knowledge of the seismic actions to which they can be subjected throughout their useful life. In general, it is not enough to establish what would be the maximum acceleration which could act upon the structure to be designed, but, in addition, the frequency with which the seismic phenomenon occurs and the damage it would produce should be known. In this monograph the probability of occurrence of earthquakes is studied regardless of the type of structure, of the population of the area, of the industrial level of the same, for the northeast area of the Iberian Peninsula; the results obtained are reflected in maps. The study is restricted to finding the probabilities of occurrence of earthquakes classified by their intensity (epicentral or felt) and, in spite of the approximation due to the use of the intensities, the results will be of great value for the making of design decisions. The methods for evaluating these probabilities of intensity occurrence are very varied, but basically there are two different conceptions of the methods of calculation: the deterministic methods and the probabilistic ones. The deterministic methods start from the recorded earthquakes and evaluate the effects of these using different coefficients. The probabilistic methods do not directly use the recorded earthquakes, but these data serve to establish certain laws of probability of occurrence that give rise to regional or zonal models of occurrence. The method presented herein has elements of both approaches, although always in the context of Bayesian statistics and is adapted to the special conditions of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula or other areas where data are scarce and seismicity is moderate.
Abstract
The design and construction of structures in seismic areas requires knowledge of the seismic actions to which they can be subjected throughout their useful life. In general, [...]
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Probabilistic evaluation of the seismic vulnerability and risk of reinforced concrete structures by means of simulation
F. Yépez, A. Barbat, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1996). MIS20, ISBN: 84-87867-81-2

Abstract
The present work is aimed at conducting studies of vulnerability and seismic risk of building structures. The objective of such studies is to try to predict the damage expected in a structure, in a group of structures or in an entire urban area, for an earthquake of certain characteristics. Once the expected damage is known, solutions can be found to reduce the losses that future earthquakes would cause. The wide use that reinforced concrete has had as building material in recent decades requires an in-depth study of the seismic behavior and of the degree of vulnerability of buildings constructed with this material. For this reason, in this monograph a methodology for assessing the vulnerability and seismic risk of said buildings is applied. One of the central aspects studied is related to the use of the probabilistic simulation of the seismic behavior of the structures. The method of the vulnerability index applied to reinforced concrete structures is described, which is used for the large-scale evaluation of the seismic quality of the structures. Then the methodology is applied to the study of the seismic vulnerability of the structures, obtaining as a result vulnerability functions and damage probability matrices. Using these curves, the probabilistic seismic risk study is carried out in the central area of Barcelona, Spain, calculating the annual probable loss rates in the area and analyzing the possible costs of insurance against earthquakes. Some seismic damage scenarios obtained with the help of a geographic information system are also developed. Finally, the results and measures to reduce the risk in the area are analyzed.
Abstract
The present work is aimed at conducting studies of vulnerability and seismic risk of building structures. The objective of such studies is to try to predict the damage expected [...]
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Seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings
L. Bozzo, A. Barbat

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1995). MIS15, ISBN: 84-87867-59-6

Abstract
The monograph is subdivided into two parts. The first part presents concepts of seismology such as intensity or magnitude, together with probabilistic concepts related to the vulnerability and the potential damage that can occur in reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. Procedures for the preliminary design of buildings are included together with conceptual design recommendations. A brief introduction to the expert systems is made, presenting the qualitative reasoning systems in more detail and giving examples for the preliminary design of structures. Finally, a summary is made of the equations that govern the dynamics of linear and non-linear structures and their solution, including numerical procedures for the modal uncoupling and the step-by-step integration of the equations of motion. In the second part of the monograph, the non-linear behavior of structures subject to earthquakes is studied. This allows to predict the response of inelastic structures without the need of performing a non-linear analysis. The relative influence of various parameters such as structural damping, global ductility and the coefficient of strength is presented in detail. Next, the seismic action necessary in the analysis of structures is defined by means of accelerograms and seismic response spectra, but the one performed in several design standards of the world is also discussed. Finally, procedures are developed for the seismic design of structural elements and systems such as reinforced concrete ductile frames, dual systems and eccentric frames. The monograph includes a brief synthesis of earthquake-resistant design codes.
Abstract
The monograph is subdivided into two parts. The first part presents concepts of seismology such as intensity or magnitude, together with probabilistic concepts related to [...]
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Simulation of damage scenarios for seismcic risk studies
F. Yépez, A. Barbat, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1995). MIS14, ISBN: 84-87867-58-8

Abstract
The present monograph is a continuation of the monograph MIS-10 and uses the same concepts and definitions described therein. However, to facilitate reading, the authors briefly describe some of the aforementioned concepts. The monograph is based on the definition of seismic risk based on the convolution of three factors: 1) the seismic hazard, which represents the probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time and a given area, of a seismic motion with a given intensity; 2) the seismic vulnerability of a structure or group of structures, defined as the degree of damage due to the occurrence of a seismic motion of a given intensity; 3) the cost of the structures. It is explained that the mechanism to reduce seismic risk is the reduction of vulnerability and, therefore, its evaluation is required. The main result of the risk studies is the expected loss (or the expected degree of damage) that a structure of a given typology would suffer due to the action of an earthquake of certain characteristics. This result can be described by means of damage probability matrices, or by vulnerability functions (relations that express, in a continuous way, the vulnerability according to a parameter that describes the size of the earthquake). The calculation, both of probability matrices of damage and of vulnerability functions, can be carried out, on the one hand, from statistical studies of data observed during past earthquakes or, on the other, by calculating the response of structures based on models.
Abstract
The present monograph is a continuation of the monograph MIS-10 and uses the same concepts and definitions described therein. However, to facilitate reading, the authors briefly [...]
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Seismic risk, hazard and vulnerability of masonry buildings
F. Yépez, A. Barbat, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1995). MIS12, ISBN: 84-87867-50-2

Abstract
This monograph describes a conceptual framework necessary for the formulation of seismic risk and of vulnerability studies. The Italian methodology of the vulnerability index is described for unreinforced masonry buildings and is applied to an area of the downtown of the city of Barcelona, Spain. A Geographical Information System (GIS) is used which allows automating the process completely and facilitates obtaining the results. Studies of observed seismic vulnerability, based on the damage caused by earthquakes in the past, are performed and their relationships with the previous method is examined. An efficient scheme is proposed to carry out post-earthquake investigations which is applied to the case of the two earthquakes that occurred in the region of Almeria in December 1993 and January 1994; it is explained how to make effective use of the results. To achieve this objective, data on the effects of the mentioned earthquakes has been collected and processed with the objective of obtaining the first observed vulnerability function for Spain. This function would allow the evaluation of future losses due to earthquakes in Spain. In this way, both a seismic risk study methodology and a complete procedure to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of an entire area in an urban will be available.
Abstract
This monograph describes a conceptual framework necessary for the formulation of seismic risk and of vulnerability studies. The Italian methodology of the vulnerability index [...]
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Definition of the seismic action
A. Barbat, L. Orosco, J. Hurtado, M. Galindo

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS10, ISBN: 84-87867-448-0

Abstract
The present monograph describes different ways to define the action of earthquakes upon structures. The progress that has taken place in recent years the application of different models to define the seismic action requires a panoramic view of the different existing methods. However, the literature on such methods is widely dispersed in different publications, and this publication brings together and synthesizes the most outstanding models. The fact that the seismic action has a a complex nature, and that frequently occur seismic events that exceed the forecasts, has maintained the traditional vocation of the Earthquake Engineering to collect and assimilate the new developments in fields as diverse as seismology, signal analysis, probability theory and stochastic processes, mechanics of materials, etc. Important developments have been achieved in the traditional model of response spectra, usual in the everyday design of simple structures, incorporating spectra based on seismological models, of damage indices or of energy. A wide range of algorithms for the simulation of accelerograms are also available, ranging from those that are limited to the compatibility with response spectra or with a seismological model to those that allow developing spatial models of the waves. Finally, an important development has taken place in relation to the stochastic modeling of the seismic action, which has made possible advances in the probabilistic methods of structural response and in the structural safety.
Abstract
The present monograph describes different ways to define the action of earthquakes upon structures. The progress that has taken place in recent years the application of different [...]
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Nonlinear active control of buildings with base isolation
A. Barbat, N. Molinares, J. Rodellar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS08, ISBN: 84-87867-46-4

Abstract
In this monograph, we study a type of hybrid system that combines a base isolation system with an active control system that applies forces on the base. The control forces are calculated by means of a control law that guarantees an adequate behavior, both of the structure and of the base, considering a wide class of non-linearities of the base isolator and uncertainties in the dynamic model and in the excitation. In order to simulate properly the proposed hybrid system, algorithms are used able to analyze the effect of the base isolation with non-linear behavior. At the same time, it is necessary to have a control law that generates the active control force, whose objective is examined from the point of view of the behavior of the system composed by the structure and the base isolation in purely passive conditions. The control law is formulated for the two subsystems coupled through their boundary conditions. The active control forces are applied upon one of the subsystems in order to guarantee a form of practical stability. In this case, the subsystem over which the control acts is the base and the other subsystem is the structure. In the monograph the equations that describe the two systems of seismic base isolation considered in this monograph are developed (one hysteretic and the other frictional), the use of the hybrid system is justified, the different components are described and a critical analysis of the different existing hybrid systems is performed. The law of adaptive control is developed, the hypotheses are stated and the stability of said law is analyzed. The developed strategy is applied to different buildings with base isolation systems and numerical simulation results of their seismic response are shown.
Abstract
In this monograph, we study a type of hybrid system that combines a base isolation system with an active control system that applies forces on the base. The control forces [...]
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Seismic vulnerability of buildings
C. Caicedo, A. Barbat, J. Canas, R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS06, ISBN: 84-87867-53-X

Abstract
The monograph summarizes the problem of risk for any type of natural phenomenon, defines each of the terms that intervene in the risk analysis, describes the way in which these terms interact and some of them are particularized for the case of the seismic phenomenon. A synthesis is made of the deterministic and probabilistic methods for the evaluation of the seismic hazard at regional and local scales. Then, the theoretical basis of the analytical methods for assessing seismic damage in buildings is explained. The hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete elements is studied, the factors controlling this behavior and the main computational models are described. The different indicators used to estimate the damage in structural elements and globally in the structure are examined and the probabilistic interpretation of the analytical methods is explained. Next, we describe the subjective methods of damage prediction, such as those based on damage probability matrices or vulnerability functions, and we show the form taken by the specific risk equation in each of these two cases. A methodology for the evaluation of seismic vulnerability in urban areas is developed, based on the vulnerability index method; it is described how the vulnerability of a building is calculated and the existing vulnerability functions for the estimation of risk scenarios are shown. The problem of the seismic risk analysis at urban level is studied and an example of application of this methodology to a sector of Barcelona is shown. Finally, a procedure for the simulation of vulnerability functions for reinforced concrete buildings is described and vulnerability functions are obtained for different structural typologies and different degrees of seismic intensity.
Abstract
The monograph summarizes the problem of risk for any type of natural phenomenon, defines each of the terms that intervene in the risk analysis, describes the way in which [...]
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Buildings with nonlinear base isolation
N. Molinares, A. Barbat

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS05, ISBN: 84-87867-41-3

Abstract
The objectives of the seismic design of buildings can be achieved by applying techniques of conventional design that consider the that the ground motion is transmitted to the structure through its fixed base. As an alternative to this traditional design, base isolation systems were developed consisting of mechanisms that partially uncouple the structure of the foundation ground to reduce, in this way, the damages of the structure and of its content. Decoupling is carried out by placing support devices between the base of the structure and its foundation that increase the flexibility of the overall structure-base system and that produce, at the same time, an appropriate damping. Despite the large number of studies on different base isolation systems, there are few comparative analyzes between these systems. In this monograph, structures isolated with different systems are compared with structures with conventional design. To this end, criteria for evaluating the behavior of the different systems have been defined. In the numerical studies, models with linear behavior for the structure and nonlinear behavior of the base isolation system have been considered. The type of nonlinearity of the isolation is formulated by means of differential equations, capable of describing both hysteretic and frictional systems.
Abstract
The objectives of the seismic design of buildings can be achieved by applying techniques of conventional design that consider the that the ground motion is transmitted to [...]
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Articles (Documents not available in Scipedia)

Analysis of Ultra Low Cycle Fatigue problems with the Barcelona plastic damage model and a new isotropic hardening law
X Martinez, S Oller, LG Barbu, AH Barbat, AMP De Jesus

International Journal of Fatigue 73, 132-142, 2015
Hybrid loss exceedance curve (HLEC) for disaster risk assessment
CA Velásquez, OD Cardona, MG Mora, LE Yamin, ML Carreño, ...

Natural hazards 72 (2), 455-479, 2014
Capacity, fragility and damage in reinforced concrete buildings: a probabilistic approach
YF Vargas, LG Pujades, AH Barbat, JE Hurtado

Bulletin of earthquake engineering 11 (6), 2007-2032, 2013
Seismic safety of RC framed buildings designed according to modern codes
JC Vielma, Barbat A., Oller S.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 5 (7), 2011
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for comprehensive risk management: modeling for innovative risk transfer and loss financing mechanisms
OD Cardona, MG Ordaz, L Yamín, S Arámbula, MC Marulanda, A Barbat

The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2008
Viscous damage model for Timoshenko beam structures
AH Barbat, S Oller, E Onate, A Hanganu

International Journal of Solids and Structures 34 (30), 3953-3976, 1997

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COLLECTIONS

Alex Barbat's technical and research reports

Alex Barbat's monographs

Alex Barbat's chapters of books

Alex Barbat's articles in WoS/Scopus journals

Documents published in Scipedia

Evaluation of the overall damage index in reinforced concrete framed structures

Modeling of seismic hazard

Probabilistic evaluation of the seismic vulnerability and risk of reinforced concrete structures by means of simulation

Seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings

Simulation of damage scenarios for seismcic risk studies

Seismic risk, hazard and vulnerability of masonry buildings

Definition of the seismic action

Nonlinear active control of buildings with base isolation

Seismic vulnerability of buildings

Buildings with nonlinear base isolation

Articles (Documents not available in Scipedia)

Analysis of Ultra Low Cycle Fatigue problems with the Barcelona plastic damage model and a new isotropic hardening law

Hybrid loss exceedance curve (HLEC) for disaster risk assessment

Capacity, fragility and damage in reinforced concrete buildings: a probabilistic approach

Seismic safety of RC framed buildings designed according to modern codes

Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for comprehensive risk management: modeling for innovative risk transfer and loss financing mechanisms

Viscous damage model for Timoshenko beam structures

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