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• Polyamide/sepiolite Nanocomposites for application in Additive Manufacturing processPolyamide/sepiolite Nanocomposites for application in Additive Manufacturing process

  . M.Herrero, K. Núñez, E. Cañíbano, .. Merino, J. Pastor

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 47

  
  

  Abstract

  Additive manufacturing includes a series of technologies where a three-dimensional object is fabricated by the superposition of different layers of material. From all this technologies, fused filament fabrication (FFF) may the most mature approach. This technology has been used mainly for rapid prototyping, but it starts to be implemented at the industrial level due to the low energy consumption and greater efficiency in the use of raw materials. Currently, the most used polymers in FFF process are the polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). However, their mechanical properties and service temperature are not good enough to be used in applications where high technical demands are recquired. Due to these shortcomings, scientists have focused on other technical polymers such polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyetherimide (PEI). Other approach to improve mechanical performance of traditional materials is the use of fibers or nanofibers, which allows printed parts with new functionalities and/or improved properties. In this study a needle-like nanoclay has been used for obtaining bio-polyamide nanocomposites, specially prepared for FFF application. The final printed parts showed good dimensional stability and good mechanical properties, which place them between the conventional (PLA and ABS) and the technical materials (PEEK and PEI).

  Abstract
  Additive manufacturing includes a series of technologies where a three-dimensional object is fabricated by the superposition of different layers of material. From all this [...]

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• 3D printed composites doped with CNTs with self-sensing capabilities

  A. Cortés, X. Sánchez-Romate, A. Jiménez-Suárez, M. Campo, S. Prolongo, . A.Ureña

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 54

  
  

  Abstract

  In the last years, 3D printing is attracting the interest from the industry and scientific community because of the reduction of manufacturing times and machining processes. Furthermore, it is important to develop materials with new functionalities or enhanced properties regarding the currently available materials In this context, the addition of nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is arousing much interest. More specifically, CNTs have a vast potential in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications, due to their piezoresistive behaviour and tunnelling conduction mechanisms providing a great electrical sensitivity under strain. The present study aims to exploit those CNT capabilities for SHM purposes, combining them with the 3D printing manufacturing technology. To achieve this, Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing technique has been used to obtain composite materials based on a commercial resin doped with CNTs, by varying the nanoparticles content. First results obtained for tensile and flexural tests show an electrical sensitivity slightly higher to the typical values of metallic gauges, thus, proving a high potential for strain monitoring applications.

  Abstract
  In the last years, 3D printing is attracting the interest from the industry and scientific community because of the reduction of manufacturing times and machining processes. [...]

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• Additive manufacturig of semiconductive nanocomposites throguh stereolithography

  A. León, S. Molina

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 46

  
  

  Abstract

  In the current work we present a series of nanocomposite materials printed via stereolithography using an acrylic organic matrix together with graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) as inorganic filler. It was generally observed that presence of GNP decreases the mechanical properties with respect to the unmodified resin, probably because the presence of pores around GNP. However, composites containing 2.5 wt% GNP showed electrical resistivity values in the range of 106 Ohm·cm, nine orders of magnitude below unmodified resin. In these conditions we state we have a material with characteristic semiconductive properties.

  Abstract
  In the current work we present a series of nanocomposite materials printed via stereolithography using an acrylic organic matrix together with graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) [...]

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• Multilayered, bio-based polymer/clay aerogel composites

  M. Sánchez-Soto, ,. Cruz, . P.Joniken, T. Abt, J. Cailloux, M. Maspoch, O. Santana

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 45

  
  

  Abstract

  Low flammable foam-like materials based on renewable bio-based polymers and sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT) were created using water as a solvent and following a simple freeze-drying process. Composites were formed by adding layers of the previously created gel precursors to a Polyvinyl alcohol / MMT based aerogel. A multi-step and a one-pot processes were followed to make the multi-layered aerogels, and the resultant properties of the different processing systems were compared. Similar adhesion between layers was observed in both processes although the multi-step required a longer manufacturing time. With the aim of improving the mechanical properties, chemical crosslinking of the Polyvinyl alcohol base was induced prior to lyophilization by immersing the material in a sodium borate solution. It was found that the mechanical response under compression was enhanced in regards to the non-crosslinked systems. A highly retardant composite material was fabricated by superposing an alginate/MMT at the external layer as the most promising system for fire protection

  Abstract
  Low flammable foam-like materials based on renewable bio-based polymers and sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT) were created using water as a solvent and following a simple [...]

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• Development of new multifunctional coatings: transparent, with superhydrophobicity properties and wear resistance

  N. Mas, A. Yedra, C. Manteca, M. González-Barriuso, L. Soriano, L. Pérez-Gandarillas

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 44

  
  

  Abstract

  In the last decade, superhydrophobicity (SH) phenomenon has aroused a great interest. This fact has been motivated by large and important functionalities that can be achieved by these SH surfaces: self-cleaning solutions, water repellancy, anticorrosive, anti-stain, anti-icing, antifouling, among others. SH is defined by the low surface energy of the material as well as the morphology of the own surface. However, due to the fact that hydrophobicity is a superficial property, its main disadvantage is its limited wear resistance, which causes a low durability and a limited comercial use. This fact, together with the complexity and low effectiveness, from the economic point of view compared with the existing coatings fabrication techniques, makes necessary the research of new alternatives for the demanding market, being a technological challenge to find them. Moreover, organic coatings are widely used in industry in a number of surfaces due to the ease and low cost of application methods. Concretely, nanocomposites fabrication from organic polymers using nanoparticles as additives, has been creating  high expectatives in the coatings industry sector. In this work, new organic coatings based on the integration of surface modified nanoparticles with hydrophobic moieties have been developed, in order to achieve hidrophobicity in organic polymeric matrices (paints). Likewise, different nanoparticles have been used in order to achieve synergistic effects that could provide a determined superficial rugosity and then, reaching simultaneously transparent, hydrophobic and abrasion wear resistant coatings.

  Abstract
  In the last decade, superhydrophobicity (SH) phenomenon has aroused a great interest. This fact has been motivated by large and important functionalities that can be achieved [...]

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• Aliphatic Polyurethane Matrix for more sustainable UV-Resistant Composites

  D. Mentizi, A. Hecking, S. Strauß, D. Achten, D. Guiteras

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 43

  
  

  Abstract

  During the last years, composites based on renewable sources gained significant interest due to a globally increased awareness on sustainability. In order to address these challenges and to achieve ambitious sustainability targets, such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, Covestro recently introduced composites from a new aliphatic and bio-based polyurethane, which bears a bio-content of ca. 70%. A combination of such bio-based polyurethanes with bio-based reinforcing fibers can lead for the first time to a composite with a bio-content of appr. 90%. Due to the aliphatic nature of the bio-based isocyanates, the resulting composites are characterized by an inherent UV- and weathering resistance, which makes them primarily suitable for outdoor applications and allows to omit additional protective coatings steps. A corresponding matrix material for pultruded composites, which is based on conventional raw materials, was launched under the brand name Desmocomp®.     

  Abstract
  During the last years, composites based on renewable sources gained significant interest due to a globally increased awareness on sustainability. In order to address these [...]

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• Graphene for Anti-icing

  Z. Martin, T. Blanco, A. Butragueno, J. Sánchez, . P.Vázquez, A. Scidà, V. Palermo, E. Treossi, F. Valorosi

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 42

  
  

  Abstract

  Aeronautical sector, like many others, is trying to benefit from exceptional properties of graphene as soon as possible (low density, unique electrical, thermal, optical, mechanical properties…). In fact composite airframe enhancement by graphene related materials is part of the biggest European research project, the Graphene Flagship, which is trying to bring graphene from lab to society. Then, within this context, a first high potential application of graphene in aeronautical composite structure has been selected by Airbus: de- / anti-icing system. The graphene concept studied for anti-icing application is an electro-thermal system, where heat is generated by applying electrical voltage by Joule effect. Key work performed in this study was focused on following aspects: identification of use cases and requirements, selection of graphene based related material, integration concepts within carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), demonstration or proof of concept through manufacturing and functionality tests, and, finally, preliminary value and risk assessment of solution. As per work performed, it can be concluded that the potential of proposed innovative graphene based electro-thermal system for composite aeronautical part anti-icing function has been preliminary proven and demonstrated. However, there is still a long way to increase the maturity, scale-up the concept, demonstrate cost saving and benefits versus other solutions, as well as to overcome the identified risks.

  Abstract
  Aeronautical sector, like many others, is trying to benefit from exceptional properties of graphene as soon as possible (low density, unique electrical, thermal, optical, [...]

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• ECOFUNEL: New Ad-hoc injection molding composites with enhanced electrical features for airborne systems

  S. Juan, V. Ventosinos, T. Fournier, E. Robert

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 41

  
  

  Abstract

  The European Commission has a strong compromise in matter of developing eco-friendly designs for airborne systems to reduce both manufacturing and in-service contamination related to those elements. One of the main approaches in this sense is to substitute metal parts by stiff, light-weight, multifunctional and recyclable polymer-based compounds which allow eliminating hazardous surface treatments and also permit reusing the materials at the end of life of the components. In this framework, ECOFUNEL project was launched by Liebherr Aerospace SAS with the consortium formed by FIDAMC, CTAG and CANOE, and with the financial support of the European Commission under the Clean Sky 2 initiative. The work aims to giving alternatives to current metal valve bodies of air conditioning systems for aircraft, by investigating the use of thermoplastic while addressing the challenge of keeping sufficient electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the part. The research line put the focus on the development of new functionalized material formulations based on high performance injection molding thermoplastic compounds with enhanced electrical feature. New formulations are designed, produced and studied systematically within ECOFUNEL and a final prototype element will be created employing the ad-hoc own-designed materials.

  Abstract
  The European Commission has a strong compromise in matter of developing eco-friendly designs for airborne systems to reduce both manufacturing and in-service contamination [...]

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• Thermal Protection System Based on Reinforced Polymers with Carbon Nanotubes and Titanium Dioxide for Industrial Aplications

  A. Isaza, S. Patiño, E. Arango, A. Tamayo, N. Rave

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 40

  
  

  Abstract

  In this research, a composite material based on thermostable polymers, reinforced with nano and micro structures was developed and thermally characterized. The polymer used was the epoxy, the microstructures, Titanium dioxide TiO2 and the nanostructures, the multiwalled carbon nanotubes, those, were integrated into the matrix by the method of ultrasonication in two stages, a first in which they were dispersed in a time of 5 minutes, using a sonicator with energy of 750 Watts, frequency of 20 kHz, 1:1 pulser and 40% amplitude, using as solvent, styrene monomer for a posterior inclusion of the solution obtained in the matrix, corresponding to the second stage, where the previous specifications were followed, for a time of 1 minute. Configurational designs for the thermal protection system were established and characterized under international standard ASTM E 285-80, observing their effect on the form, mechanisms and speed of thermal degradation; and it was reported in terms of thermal gradient. A thermal efficiency of 24% was obtained in the nanocomposite, and an improvement of around 15% compared to non- nanoreinforced polymers.

  Abstract
  In this research, a composite material based on thermostable polymers, reinforced with nano and micro structures was developed and thermally characterized. The polymer used [...]

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• Use of rapid prototype for desing and cosntruction of composites materials bioreference’s parts used in photovoltaic applications

  M. López, M. Tousb

  Materiales Compuestos (2022). Vol. 03 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2019), (Núm. 4 - País invitado: Colombia. Materiales Multifuncionales. Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 39

  
  

  Abstract

  It is showed a methodology to create models and molds on fiberglass reinforced polyester resin using geometries drawers in graphics design software and impressions in real-scale models using 3D printers. The real application of this exercise is the construction of a structure for photovoltaic panels for solar energy solutions. This methodology allows to optimize manufacturing times with complex geometries. This is innovative in the local industry in Latin America due to the topological optimization obeying a morphological refinement based on natural structures, as well as the palm-bottle design, that is an emblematic tree of the Andean region.

  Abstract
  It is showed a methodology to create models and molds on fiberglass reinforced polyester resin using geometries drawers in graphics design software and impressions in real-scale [...]

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