The tunnel portal is the most seismically vulnerable section of the tunnel against earthquakes. Due to the combined effects of topographic and geological asymmetric loading, the mechanical characteristics of this type of portal are very complex. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed and calculated to investigate the seismic response characteristics of a tunnel portal subjected to topographic and geological asymmetric loading. The results show that the seismic weakness of the tunnel support structure is located at the tunnel arch shoulders and sidewalls; the time to reach the peak displacement around the tunnel is slightly delayed compared to the slope, and the time to reach the peak displacement shows a phased pattern. Compared to the tunnel structure, the slopes are more prone to landslides and other disasters due to terrain and geological factors under earthquake action. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the seismic and anti-seismic design of tunnel slopes.
Abstract The tunnel portal is the most seismically vulnerable section of the tunnel against earthquakes. Due to the combined effects of topographic and geological asymmetric loading, [...]
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Seismic response characteristics of a tunnel portal subjected to topographical and geological asymmetsric loading 
