Complete variable kinematic cuf-based multilayered shell elements

Abstract

The paper presents a methodology for formulating multi-layered composite shell theories with arbitrary kinematic fields. Each displacement variable is examined through an independent expansion function, allowing integration of equivalent single layer and layer-wise approaches within the Carrera Unified Formulation. Finite element method discretizes the structure in the reference plane of the plate using Lagrange-based elements. Governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual displacements. The study considers multilayered structures with different radius-to-thickness ratios and compares results with analytical solutions from the literature. Findings suggest the most appropriate model selection depends strongly on specific problem parameters