Abstract
The Parker project sought to experimentally validate that contemporary series-produced electric vehicles (EVs), capable of V2G, are ready to participate in a number of advanced grid services. In such services, the timing, size and direction of power and energy exchanged between the EV battery and grid is controlled as to support either a single building, the local neighborhood or the regional power system. Vehicles purposely designed for such services are referred to as grid integrated electric vehicles (GIVs). The field of research, describing how GIVs may be used to actively support the power system, is called Vehicle&ndash
Grid Integration (VGI).The purpose of this paper is to present how the Danish Parker project has systematically categorized a range of grid services, collected in a service catalog, and then illustrate state-of-the-art EVs ability to support such services through experimental validation. Results are presented for three different tests performed in Parker
marginal emission factor charging, frequency containment reserves and a performance test for controlling power setpoints. The ultimate aim of this paper, and the Parker project, is to promote the GIV concept so that it may inform the design and capabilities of present and future EVs, EV supply equipment (EVSE) and communication standards.
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The different versions of the original document can be found in:
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040066 under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/4/66/pdf under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Published on 01/01/2019
Volume 2019, 2019
DOI: 10.3390/wevj10040066
Licence: Other
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