Revision as of 00:56, 29 June 2023

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal cell cancer characterized by excessive cell division of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which can then overcrowd healthy cells. As a result, end organ damage to kidneys, bones, and the liver occurs. The worldwide incidence of MM amounted to 160,000 cases in 2018 and 106,000 patients have succumbed to the disease. MM is diagnosed relatively well by detecting M monoclonal protein produced from cancerous cells, yet mortality rates remain high because there is a lack of a specific treatment. By identifying differentially expressed genes found in malignant plasma cells, scientists can develop new and stronger therapies tailored to potential driver genes. This study takes a novel machine learning approach to identify driver genes of MM. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing data was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database containing 26 patients in various disease stages and 9 healthy donors, totaling 29,367 plasma cells and 22,088 genes. This study evaluated the performance of three machine learning models: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), with RF achieving the highest accuracy of 95.61% of correctly diagnosing a cell to a stage of MM. Principal components identified ANKRD28, CXCR4,

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