Evaluación numérica del proceso de granallado y determinación del campo de esfuerzos residuales por medio del método de respuesta de grieta

Latest revision as of 10:57, 14 June 2017

Abstract

In the open literatura around the world, it has been very well established the benefits that produces the shot peening process. Nevertheless, this process is a task, in some of the cases, of the development of handcrafted and/ or dependent on the experience of the workman. One of the principal virtues of this process, is the strengthening of the surface and increase in the yield stress of the material. This strengthening or increase of the resistance in the material, owes to the induction of a residual stress field of compressive type. The induction of this type of effect is extremely beneficial for the component, since this operation does that the elements submitted to cyclical loads raise its fatigue resistance (crack propagation)on the surface and could have hereby a longer useful life, and in the order hand, the applied loads to these elements could raise considerably. In this article, it is presented a comparison of the obtained residual stress field by shot peening by two methods, by the analytical and the finite element method (FEM), in order to obtain a confinable method for the evaluation of residual stresses, which approaches in major measurement to the registered ones by the experimental procedure. The numerical analysis performed in this work, it was done by 2D simulation, considering quasi-static conditions and not accounting random shot in the shot peening process. Also it is present the results obtained in the effect that the ball size produced. Hereby, in a later analyses, it will be possible to do an evaluation of the best results obtained by means of the FEM, changing certain factors that throw the suitable conditions of the parameters in the experimental tests, reducing cost and time.

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 == Abstract ==
-En la literatura mundial, se encuentran muy bien establecidos los beneficios que presenta el proceso de granallado. Sin embargo, este proceso es una tarea de desarrollado artesanal (en algunos de los casos)o dependiente de la experiencia del operario. Una de las principales virtudes de este proceso, es el fortalecimiento de la superficie y la elevación del esfuerzo de cedencia del material. Este incremento de la resistencia en elmaterial , se debe a la inducción de un campo de esfuerzos residuales de tipo compresivo. La in inducción de este tipo de campo de esfuerzos residuales es en extremo benéfico para el componente , ya que esta operación hace que los elementos sometidos a cargas cíclicas eleven su capacidad de resistencia a la fatiga en la superficie (propagación de la grieta) y puedan de esta manera tener una vida útil más larga, por otra parte, que las cargas aplicadas a estos elementos se puedan elevar considerablemente. En este artículo, se realiza una comparación de la obtención del campo de esfuerzos residuales inducido por el granallado, realizado por dos medios, el anlítico y por el Método del Elemento Finito (MEF), esto con el fin de obtener un método de determinación de esfuerzos residuales por medio del MEF, que se acerque en mayor medida a los registrados por la parte experimental. El análisis numérico que en este trabajo se presenta; se realizó en 2D, considerando condiciones cuasi-estáticas y no tomado en cuenta el disparo aleatorio del proceso de granallado. Asimismo, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el efecto que produce el cambio de tamaño de bola. De esta manera, en posteriores análisis, se podrá realizar una evaluación de los mejores resultados obtenidos por medio del MEF variando determinados factores que arrojen las condiciones idóneas de los parámetros en la prueba experimental, reduciendo costo y tiempo. Summary In the open literatura around the world, it has been very well established the benefits that produces the shot peening process. Nevertheless, this process is a task, in some of the cases, of the development of handcrafted and/ or dependent on the experience of the workman. One of the principal virtues of this process, is the strengthening of the surface and increase in the yield stress of the material. This strengthening or increase of the resistance in the material, owes to the induction of a residual stress field of compressive type. The induction of this type of effect is extremely beneficial for the component, since this operation does that the elements submitted to cyclical loads raise its fatigue resistance (crack propagation)on the surface and could have hereby a longer useful life, and in the order hand, the applied loads to these elements could raise considerably. In this article, it is presented a comparison of the obtained residual stress field by shot peening by two methods, by the analytical and the finite element method (FEM), in order to obtain a confinable method for the evaluation of residual stresses, which approaches in major measurement to the registered ones by the experimental procedure. The numerical analysis performed in this work, it was done by 2D simulation, considering quasi-static conditions and not accounting random shot in the shot peening process. Also it is present the results obtained in the effect that the ball size produced. Hereby, in a later analyses, it will be possible to do an evaluation of the best results obtained by means of the FEM, changing certain factors that throw the suitable conditions of the parameters in the experimental tests, reducing cost and time.
+In the open literatura around the world, it has been very well established the benefits that produces the shot peening process. Nevertheless, this process is a task, in some of the cases, of the development of handcrafted and/ or dependent on the experience of the workman. One of the principal virtues of this process, is the strengthening of the surface and increase in the yield stress of the material. This strengthening or increase of the resistance in the material, owes to the induction of a residual stress field of compressive type. The induction of this type of effect is extremely beneficial for the component, since this operation does that the elements submitted to cyclical loads raise its fatigue resistance (crack propagation)on the surface and could have hereby a longer useful life, and in the order hand, the applied loads to these elements could raise considerably. In this article, it is presented a comparison of the obtained residual stress field by shot peening by two methods, by the analytical and the finite element method (FEM), in order to obtain a confinable method for the evaluation of residual stresses, which approaches in major measurement to the registered ones by the experimental procedure. The numerical analysis performed in this work, it was done by 2D simulation, considering quasi-static conditions and not accounting random shot in the shot peening process. Also it is present the results obtained in the effect that the ball size produced. Hereby, in a later analyses, it will be possible to do an evaluation of the best results obtained by means of the FEM, changing certain factors that throw the suitable conditions of the parameters in the experimental tests, reducing cost and time.
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