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==1 Title, abstract and keywords<!-- Your document should start with a concise and informative title. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. Capitalize the first word of the title.
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==Abstract==
  
Provide a maximum of 6 keywords, and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field should be used. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
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In the European Union there are more than 200 experiences of cities that have a Low Emission Zone, as a mechanism to reduce pollution caused by traffic in urban areas. This instrument adopts different names, "clean air zones", "environmental zones", "limited traffic zones", etc., but they all have in common the establishment of restrictions on urban transit.
  
An abstract is required for every document; it should succinctly summarize the reason for the work, the main findings, and the conclusions of the study. Abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, references and hyperlinks should be avoided. If references are essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. -->==
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Specifically, the Spanish regulations foresee that ZBEs are established in cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, and therefore it will become a widely generalized tool.
  
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At the same time, a broad consensus is gradually being consolidated on the need to assess the social impact of the actions that are carried out, especially in the field of public management, where decisions have been to justify based on the interests of the citizens.
  
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This presentation presents an analysis of this impact based on the application of a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), a microeconomic approach that is contextualized within the welfare economy and that aims to reproduce, on a social scale, the behavior of a rational agent when comparing the advantages and disadvantages of an economic action
  
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This approach integrates all the impacts that the project has on society, in the form of benefits and social costs, valued monetarily, to estimate the resulting effect or the net social benefit of its development. This monetization is the basis of ACB methods, as it is the unit of account that allows heterogeneous benefits and costs to be compared. It is, therefore, a criterion for making collective decisions considering the aggregated individual preferences, expressed economically, either by the willingness to pay or by the costs avoided due to the differential effects that will predictably occur.
  
==2 The main text<!-- You can enter and format the text of this document by selecting the ‘Edit’ option in the menu at the top of this frame or next to the title of every section of the document. This will give access to the visual editor. Alternatively, you can edit the source of this document (Wiki markup format) by selecting the ‘Edit source’ option.
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This methodology will be applied to the Low Emissions Zone of the Rondes de Barcelona. A double result is intended. On the one hand, explain how this methodology can be applied to the analysis of a ZBE and its limitations. On the other hand, to obtain results to quantify the net impact of its implementation on the well-being of the population. In other words, comparing the benefits it generates with the costs derived from its establishment.
  
Most of the documents in Scipedia are written in English (write your manuscript in American or British English, but not a mixture of these). Anyhow, specific publications in other languages can be published in Scipedia. In any case, the documents published in other languages must have an abstract written in English.
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The conclusions of the work show that it is a positive action, in the sense that the environmental benefits it generates compensate, in sufficiently significant figures, the costs of carrying it out. Therefore, they generate a net positive impact on well-being.
  
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But the fact that the global balance is positive does not mean that it is positive for all the agents involved. Therefore, although it is not part of the scope of this work, it must be taken into account, in order to develop complementary actions that can limit the opposition of groups directly affected.
  
2.1 Subsections
 
  
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc. and then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ... Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Capitalize the first word of the headings.
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==Resum==
  
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A la Unió Europea hi ha més de 200 experiències de ciutats que disposen d’una Zona de Baixes Emissions, com a mecanisme per reduir la contaminació provocada pel trànsit a les àrees urbanes. Aquest instrument adopta diferents noms, “clean air zones”, “environmental zones”, “limited traffic zones”, etc., però totes tenen en comú l’establiment de restriccions al transit urbà.
  
2.2 General guidelines
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En concret, la normativa espanyola preveu que s’estableixen ZBE en ciutats de més de 50.000 habitants, i per tant esdevindrà una eina amplament generalitzada.
  
Some general guidelines that should be followed in your manuscripts are:
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En paral.lel, de forma progressiva, es va consolidant un ampli consens sobre la necessitat d’avaluar l’impacte social de les actuacions que es porten a terme, especialment en l’àmbit de la gestió pública, on les decisions s’han de justificar en funció dels interessos dels ciutadans.
  
*  Avoid hyphenation at the end of a line.
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En aquesta ponència es planteja una anàlisi d’aquest impacte en base a l’aplicació d’una Anàlisi Cost Benefici (ACB), un enfocament microeconòmic que es contextualitza dins de l’economia del benestar i que pretén reproduir, a escala social, el comportament d’un agent racional a l’hora de comparar els avantatges i els desavantatges d’una acció econòmica
  
*  Symbols denoting vectors and matrices should be indicated in bold type. Scalar variable names should normally be expressed using italics.
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Aquest enfocament integra tots els impactes que el projecte té sobre la societat, en forma de beneficis i costos socials, valorats monetàriament, per estimar l’efecte resultant o el benefici social net del seu desenvolupament. Aquesta monetització és la base dels mètodes ACB, ja que és la unitat de compte que permet comparar beneficis i costos heterogenis. És, per tant, un criteri per prendre decisions col·lectives considerant les preferències individuals agregades, expressades econòmicament, bé per la disposició a pagar o bé pels costos evitats degut als efectes diferencials que previsiblement esdevindran.
  
* Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
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Aquesta metodologia s’aplicarà a la Zona de Baixes Emissions de les Rondes de Barcelona. Es pretén un resultat doble. Per una banda exposar com es pot aplicar aquesta metodologia a l’anàlisi d’una ZBE i les seves limitacions. D’una altra, obtenir uns resultats per quantificar l’impacte net que comporta, sobre el benestar de la població, la seva posada en funcionament. És a dir, comparant els beneficis que genera amb els costos derivats de la seva instauració.
  
*  Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions. In particular use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
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Les conclusions del treball mostren que es tracta d’una actuació positiva, en el sentit que els beneficis ambientals que genera compensen, en xifres prou importants, els costos de portar-la a terme. Per tant, generen un impacte net positiu sobre el benestar.
  
 
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Però el fet que el saldo global sigui positiu no vol dir que ho sigui per tots els agents implicats. Per tant, si bé no forma part de l’abast d’aquest treball, cal tenir-ho en compte, per desenvolupar actuacions complementàries que poden limitar l’oposició de col·lectius directament afectats.
2.3 Tables, figures, lists and equations
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Please insert tables as editable text and not as images. Tables should be placed next to the relevant text in the article. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
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Graphics may be inserted directly in the document and positioned as they should appear in the final manuscript.
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Number the figures according to their sequence in the text. Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Try to keep the resolution of the figures to a minimum of 300 dpi. If a finer resolution is required, the figure can be inserted as supplementary material
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For tabular summations that do not deserve to be presented as a table, lists are often used. Lists may be either numbered or bulleted. Below you see examples of both.
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1. The first entry in this list
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2.1. A subentry
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You may choose to number equations for easy referencing. In that case they must be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in parentheses on the right hand side of the page. Below is an example of formulae that should be referenced as eq. (1].
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2.4 Supplementary material
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Supplementary material can be inserted to support and enhance your article. This includes video material, animation sequences, background datasets, computational models, sound clips and more. In order to ensure that your material is directly usable, please provide the files with a preferred maximum size of 50 MB. Please supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. -->==
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==3 Bibliography<!--
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Citations in text will follow a citation-sequence system (i.e. sources are numbered by order of reference so that the first reference cited in the document is [1], the second [2], and so on) with the number of the reference in square brackets. Once a source has been cited, the same number is used in all subsequent references. If the numbers are not in a continuous sequence, use commas (with no spaces) between numbers. If you have more than two numbers in a continuous sequence, use the first and last number of the sequence joined by a hyphen
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You should ensure that all references are cited in the text and that the reference list. References should preferably refer to documents published in Scipedia. Unpublished results should not be included in the reference list, but can be mentioned in the text. The reference data must be updated once publication is ready. Complete bibliographic information for all cited references must be given following the standards in the field (IEEE and ISO 690 standards are recommended). If possible, a hyperlink to the referenced publication should be given. See examples for Scipedia’s articles [1], other publication articles [2], books [3], book chapter [4], conference proceedings [5], and online documents [6], shown in references section below. -->==
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==4 Acknowledgments<!-- Acknowledgments should be inserted at the end of the document, before the references section. -->==
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==5 References<!--[1] Author, A. and Author, B. (Year) Title of the article. Title of the Publication. Article code. Available: http://www.scipedia.com/ucode.
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[2] Author, A. and Author, B. (Year) Title of the article. Title of the Publication. Volume number, first page-last page.
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[6] Institution or author. Title of the document. Year. [Online] (Date consulted: day, month and year). Available: http://www.scipedia.com/document.pdf.
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Latest revision as of 09:29, 1 June 2024

Abstract

In the European Union there are more than 200 experiences of cities that have a Low Emission Zone, as a mechanism to reduce pollution caused by traffic in urban areas. This instrument adopts different names, "clean air zones", "environmental zones", "limited traffic zones", etc., but they all have in common the establishment of restrictions on urban transit.

Specifically, the Spanish regulations foresee that ZBEs are established in cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, and therefore it will become a widely generalized tool.

At the same time, a broad consensus is gradually being consolidated on the need to assess the social impact of the actions that are carried out, especially in the field of public management, where decisions have been to justify based on the interests of the citizens.

This presentation presents an analysis of this impact based on the application of a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), a microeconomic approach that is contextualized within the welfare economy and that aims to reproduce, on a social scale, the behavior of a rational agent when comparing the advantages and disadvantages of an economic action

This approach integrates all the impacts that the project has on society, in the form of benefits and social costs, valued monetarily, to estimate the resulting effect or the net social benefit of its development. This monetization is the basis of ACB methods, as it is the unit of account that allows heterogeneous benefits and costs to be compared. It is, therefore, a criterion for making collective decisions considering the aggregated individual preferences, expressed economically, either by the willingness to pay or by the costs avoided due to the differential effects that will predictably occur.

This methodology will be applied to the Low Emissions Zone of the Rondes de Barcelona. A double result is intended. On the one hand, explain how this methodology can be applied to the analysis of a ZBE and its limitations. On the other hand, to obtain results to quantify the net impact of its implementation on the well-being of the population. In other words, comparing the benefits it generates with the costs derived from its establishment.

The conclusions of the work show that it is a positive action, in the sense that the environmental benefits it generates compensate, in sufficiently significant figures, the costs of carrying it out. Therefore, they generate a net positive impact on well-being.

But the fact that the global balance is positive does not mean that it is positive for all the agents involved. Therefore, although it is not part of the scope of this work, it must be taken into account, in order to develop complementary actions that can limit the opposition of groups directly affected.


Resum

A la Unió Europea hi ha més de 200 experiències de ciutats que disposen d’una Zona de Baixes Emissions, com a mecanisme per reduir la contaminació provocada pel trànsit a les àrees urbanes. Aquest instrument adopta diferents noms, “clean air zones”, “environmental zones”, “limited traffic zones”, etc., però totes tenen en comú l’establiment de restriccions al transit urbà.

En concret, la normativa espanyola preveu que s’estableixen ZBE en ciutats de més de 50.000 habitants, i per tant esdevindrà una eina amplament generalitzada.

En paral.lel, de forma progressiva, es va consolidant un ampli consens sobre la necessitat d’avaluar l’impacte social de les actuacions que es porten a terme, especialment en l’àmbit de la gestió pública, on les decisions s’han de justificar en funció dels interessos dels ciutadans.

En aquesta ponència es planteja una anàlisi d’aquest impacte en base a l’aplicació d’una Anàlisi Cost Benefici (ACB), un enfocament microeconòmic que es contextualitza dins de l’economia del benestar i que pretén reproduir, a escala social, el comportament d’un agent racional a l’hora de comparar els avantatges i els desavantatges d’una acció econòmica

Aquest enfocament integra tots els impactes que el projecte té sobre la societat, en forma de beneficis i costos socials, valorats monetàriament, per estimar l’efecte resultant o el benefici social net del seu desenvolupament. Aquesta monetització és la base dels mètodes ACB, ja que és la unitat de compte que permet comparar beneficis i costos heterogenis. És, per tant, un criteri per prendre decisions col·lectives considerant les preferències individuals agregades, expressades econòmicament, bé per la disposició a pagar o bé pels costos evitats degut als efectes diferencials que previsiblement esdevindran.

Aquesta metodologia s’aplicarà a la Zona de Baixes Emissions de les Rondes de Barcelona. Es pretén un resultat doble. Per una banda exposar com es pot aplicar aquesta metodologia a l’anàlisi d’una ZBE i les seves limitacions. D’una altra, obtenir uns resultats per quantificar l’impacte net que comporta, sobre el benestar de la població, la seva posada en funcionament. És a dir, comparant els beneficis que genera amb els costos derivats de la seva instauració.

Les conclusions del treball mostren que es tracta d’una actuació positiva, en el sentit que els beneficis ambientals que genera compensen, en xifres prou importants, els costos de portar-la a terme. Per tant, generen un impacte net positiu sobre el benestar.

Però el fet que el saldo global sigui positiu no vol dir que ho sigui per tots els agents implicats. Per tant, si bé no forma part de l’abast d’aquest treball, cal tenir-ho en compte, per desenvolupar actuacions complementàries que poden limitar l’oposició de col·lectius directament afectats.

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