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==1 Introduction== | ==1 Introduction== | ||
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The project structure is divided in four steps as it is detailed as figure 2: i) selection and characterization of PET wastes, ii) preparation of PET waste, iii) chemical reaction, iv) resin production | The project structure is divided in four steps as it is detailed as figure 2: i) selection and characterization of PET wastes, ii) preparation of PET waste, iii) chemical reaction, iv) resin production | ||
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<span id='OLE_LINK3'></span><span id='OLE_LINK4'></span><span id='OLE_LINK37'></span><span id='OLE_LINK38'></span><span id='OLE_LINK26'></span><div id="OLE_LINK27" class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> | <span id='OLE_LINK3'></span><span id='OLE_LINK4'></span><span id='OLE_LINK37'></span><span id='OLE_LINK38'></span><span id='OLE_LINK26'></span><div id="OLE_LINK27" class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> | ||
− | <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 2.''' Project structure to industrial development of thermoset resins (alkyl resins and unsaturated polyester) by using PET waste</span></div> | + | <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 2.''' Project structure to industrial development of thermoset resins (alkyl resins and unsaturated polyester) by using PET waste.</span></div> |
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:* Slurry packaging waste | :* Slurry packaging waste | ||
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:1) b) | :1) b) | ||
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PET wastes selected and conditioned have been subjected to the chemical recycling process according to scheme detailed in figure 4, obtaining a new poliol (OligoPET). These will be the starting recycled reagents for the synthesis of alkyd resins and enamels, as well as for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. | PET wastes selected and conditioned have been subjected to the chemical recycling process according to scheme detailed in figure 4, obtaining a new poliol (OligoPET). These will be the starting recycled reagents for the synthesis of alkyd resins and enamels, as well as for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. | ||
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The virgin and recycled unsaturated polyester obtained by glycolysis have been characterized by different tests: viscosity, gel time, Persoz hardness, density, non-volatile content, acid number … | The virgin and recycled unsaturated polyester obtained by glycolysis have been characterized by different tests: viscosity, gel time, Persoz hardness, density, non-volatile content, acid number … | ||
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{| style="width: 87%;border-collapse: collapse;" | {| style="width: 87%;border-collapse: collapse;" | ||
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| style="border-bottom: 2pt solid black;text-align: right;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">18.48</span> | | style="border-bottom: 2pt solid black;text-align: right;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">18.48</span> | ||
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==3 Results== | ==3 Results== | ||
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− | <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figura 5.''' Approach of RESIPET project and its envolments</span></div> | + | <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figura 5.''' Approach of RESIPET project and its envolments.</span></div> |
==4 Conclusions== | ==4 Conclusions== |
Polyethylene terephtalate (PET) is a highly recycable material which is mainly used in packaging sector and, due to current legislation [1], a whole logistic has been developed and implemented in order to allow and facilitate the recycling of PET wastes.
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PET is a potential recyclable material that can provide a high quality recycled material. Current recycling of PET is mainly focused on monolayer bottles of PET with a white-blue color. This material has excellent prospect in packaging sector (bottles and films) [2] as recycled material after different operations as separation, classification and cleaning. Other applications with less added value are carpets, concrete, elements for isolation and automotive parts for filtering and drainage, in bitumen mixtures and concrete, and roads stabilization (levelled).
However, packaging development to fulfil consumers’ needs promote in some occasions the introduction of market products with poor recyclability, for this it is increasingly common the presence of PET waste which come from multilayer packaging and with different colors (figure 1).
When discussing a multilayer PET packaging, it is referring to a packaging mainly made by PET, but it presents other materials like PA, EVOH or PE, what initially provided improved properties to the packaging, for example, a barrier effect that provide a better food conservation, but implies a handicap to the recyclability.
When PET bale arrive to recycling installation has time-by-time more quantity of these wastes. These new waste materials produce problems when they arrive to recycler, resulting in low quality products or even rejected products, which are delivered to landfill. This implies an important environmental loss (mainly loss of resources and production of CO2 emissions) and economic loss. For this reason, recycling and waste manager companies are interesting in looking for alternatives that allow obtaining a viable solution for this kind of wastes.
Nowadays, in Europe 700.000 Tons of PET trays with these characteristics are consumed every year (Source: Plastics Recyclers Europe).
In the PET material recycling, three main recycling types can be identified: Biologic or organic recycling, mechanical recycling and chemical recycling.
Glycolisis, a type of alcoholysis, is the most suitable for the development of unsaturated polyester, vinylester, epoxy, alkyl resin and polyurethanes. This reaction consists in the breaking of ester bonds by glycols, producing olygomers or olygoesters diol/polyol with terminal hydroxyl groups. The olygoesters coming from PET glycolysis are “renewable” chemical reactives for the production of resins previously mentioned.
Substances and products obtained are recycled materials, from the environmental point of view (contributing to sustainable development and providing eco-innovated products), although from technical point of view they have same properties than initial materials, in contrast to traditional mechanical recycling in which a decreasing in properties could be observed in different degrees.
These factors have recently promoted the growing interest in the options to use PET wastes for the production of products as unsaturated polyester resins, alkyl resin, polyurethane foams and polymer concrete. In this context, RESIPET project “Development of New Thermosetting Resins from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste” is being developed by BARPIMO Company and AIMPLAS- Plastics Technology Centre.
The main goal of RESIPET Project is the industrial development of thermoset resins (alkyl resins and unsaturated polyester), through raw materials coming from chemical recycling of multilayer or color wastes from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) at a competitive cost and low environmental impact.
Project benefits and the developed products are relevant as follows:
The project structure is divided in four steps as it is detailed as figure 2: i) selection and characterization of PET wastes, ii) preparation of PET waste, iii) chemical reaction, iv) resin production
Search and selection of PET waste was carried out taking into account the following characteristics:
Taking these premises into account, the following waste has been evaluated from different sources:
PET wastes selected and conditioned have been subjected to the chemical recycling process according to scheme detailed in figure 4, obtaining a new poliol (OligoPET). These will be the starting recycled reagents for the synthesis of alkyd resins and enamels, as well as for the production of unsaturated polyester resins.
The virgin and recycled unsaturated polyester obtained by glycolysis have been characterized by different tests: viscosity, gel time, Persoz hardness, density, non-volatile content, acid number …
Table 1. Characterization of virgin and recycled unsaturated polyester resins | ||
Resin | Virgin | Recycled |
Viscositty | 320 cps | 345 cps |
Gel time | 7 minutes | 8 minutes |
Persoz Hardness | 240 | 262 |
Density | 1.14 g/ml | 1.14 g/ml |
Nonvolatile content | 65.38 % | 66.16 % |
Acid index (mg KOH/g resin) | 19.65 | 18.48 |
Results of the project are detailed as follows:
Figure 5 shows an approach of the project and its involvements and results in terms of products and economic viability of the process.
As conclusions, it can be established that:
This work has been co-funded by Competitivity and Economy Ministry in “Retos-Colaboracion” National Program of Research, Development and Innovation oriented to Societal Challenges RTC-2015-3855-5 and FEDER Funds.
[1] Directiva 94/62/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de diciembre de 1994, relativa a los envases y sus residuos. DO L 365 de 31.12.1994
2 Mohamadi, M. et al. “Synthese und Charakterisierung von BHETA basierten neuen Polyurethanen”. Mat-WissU Werkstofftech, 41 (8):682-88 (2010)
3 Spychaj T. “Chemical Recycling of PET: Methods and Products”. En: FAKIROV S. “Handbook of Thermoplastic Polyesters: Homopolymers, Copolymers, Blends, and Composites”. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG. doi: 10.1002/3527601961.ch27, 2005: 1252-1290
4 Shamsi R. et al. “Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes based on aminolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes, and evaluation of their thermal and mechanical properties”. Polym Int 58:22–30 (2009)
Published on 15/07/18
Accepted on 15/07/18
Submitted on 15/07/18
Volume 02 - Comunicaciones Matcomp17 (2018), Issue Núm. 3 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad y Procesos de Fabricación I, 2018
DOI: 10.23967/r.matcomp.2018.07.007
Licence: Other
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