Latest revision as of 00:24, 23 March 2021

Abstract

The Parker project sought to experimentally validate that contemporary series-produced electric vehicles (EVs), capable of V2G, are ready to participate in a number of advanced grid services. In such services, the timing, size and direction of power and energy exchanged between the EV battery and grid is controlled as to support either a single building, the local neighborhood or the regional power system. Vehicles purposely designed for such services are referred to as grid integrated electric vehicles (GIVs). The field of research, describing how GIVs may be used to actively support the power system, is called Vehicle&ndash

Grid Integration (VGI).The purpose of this paper is to present how the Danish Parker project has systematically categorized a range of grid services, collected in a service catalog, and then illustrate state-of-the-art EVs ability to support such services through experimental validation. Results are presented for three different tests performed in Parker

marginal emission factor charging, frequency containment reserves and a performance test for controlling power setpoints. The ultimate aim of this paper, and the Parker project, is to promote the GIV concept so that it may inform the design and capabilities of present and future EVs, EV supply equipment (EVSE) and communication standards.

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• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040066 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by

• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040066 under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/4/66/pdf under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

• https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/ee31463b-647b-404b-9b76-a2c9a4f27e79,

https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040066,

https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/201163536/WEVJ_Special_Issue_CrossBrand.pdf under the license cc-by

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/4/66,

https://doaj.org/toc/2032-6653

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/4/66/pdf,

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040066

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/4/66/pdf,

https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/4/66/htm,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2982020634 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/