Latest revision as of 11:23, 16 February 2021

Abstract

In the framework of the CCSP R&D program, the regulatory gaps have been assessed at VTT using the current monitoring rules for capture, pipeline transportation and geological storage of CO₂ as a benchmark. The scope of the presented work includes: (i) definition of CO₂ emissions from ship transportation of CO₂; (ii) review of EU regulations on MRV of maritime CO₂ emissions; and (iii) review of the MRV regulation on capture, transport and geological storage of CO₂ under the EU-ETS. The considered activities related to ship transportation of CO₂ are liquefaction and intermediate storage with recirculation loop for boil-off CO₂, loading and unloading facilities and CO₂ transportation and handling during the ship voyage. Identification of the regulatory gaps, based on the above, shows what is needed to enable ship transportation of CO₂ for geological storage in Europe. Based on the results, maritime transportation for CCS could be made possible with very limited new emission monitoring and verification practices. Also the trade-offs of using an MRV regulation analogous to pipeline transportation of CO₂ is discussed in the results.

Original document

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• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1871 under the license cc-by-nc-nd

• http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1871,

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• https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1876610217320738?httpAccept=text/xml,

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1876610217320738?httpAccept=text/plain,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1871 under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

• https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/3a374885-78c3-4287-877a-2187fa284bd5,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1871,

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85029628638&partnerID=8YFLogxK

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217320738,

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https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2749066554