Latest revision as of 10:01, 16 February 2021

Abstract

Electric vehicle battery performance near end-of-life is limited by mismatched cell degradation, leading to an estimated 5-10% cell capacity variation across the pack. Active cell balancing hardware architectures incorporating a Low-Voltage (LV) bus supply have been introduced to unlock lost capacity due to cell imbalance at reduced cost, through elimination of the vehicle's 400-to-12V dc-dc converter. In this work, a hierarchical model-predictive control scheme is applied to a time-shared isolated converter active balancing architecture that incorporates LV bus supply. The proposed controller efficiently divides computation among the battery management system hardware components. The energy-buffering capability of the lead-acid battery, which is connected to the LV bus, is used to trade-off balancing and bus regulation objectives, reducing peak power and improving the system cost-effectiveness. Simultaneous state-of-charge balancing and LV bus regulation is verified in simulation and experiment using real-world drive and LV load data collected from a GM Bolt electric vehicle. Similar controller performance compared to a central scheme is achieved in simulation. The experimental setup includes a custom 12S2P, 3.9kWh, liquid-cooled Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt battery module with embedded battery management system. The controller performance is evaluated with an initial maximum state-of-charge imbalance of 6.8%.

Original document

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

• https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/distributed-control-of-active-cell-balancing-and-lowvoltage-bus-regulation-in-electric-vehicles-using-hierarchical-modelpredictive-control(b61c486f-f88d-4790-9164-77d7c47fee03).html

• http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090767021&partnerID=8YFLogxK,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2956396

• http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/41/9174688/08928973.pdf?arnumber=8928973,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2956396

• https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tie/tie67.html#GongVGSABDT20,

https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/distributed-control-of-active-cell-balancing-and-low-voltage-bus-,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2991386557