Latest revision as of 13:36, 12 February 2021

Abstract

In this paper, the charging loads of electric vehicles were controlled to avoid their impact on distribution networks. A centralized control algorithm was developed using unbalanced optimal power flow calculations with a time resolution of one minute. The charging loads were optimally reallocated using a central controller based on non-linear programming. Electric vehicles were recharged using the proposed control algorithm considering the network constraints of voltage magnitudes, voltage unbalances, and limitations of the network components (transformers and cables). Simulation results showed that network components at the medium voltage level can tolerate high uptakes of uncontrolled recharged electric vehicles. However, at the low voltage level, network components exceeded their limits with these high uptakes of uncontrolled charging loads. Using the proposed centralized control algorithm, these high uptakes of electric vehicles were accommodated in the network under study without the need of upgrading the network components.

Document type: Article

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The different versions of the original document can be found in:

• http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86907/1/applsci-06-00053.pdf under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

• https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/6/2/53/pdf under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

• http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86907,

http://orca-mwe.cf.ac.uk/86907,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2276224541 under the license cc-by

• http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/6/2/53,

https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417

• http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/6/2/53/pdf,

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app6020053

under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/