Latest revision as of 13:25, 12 February 2021

Abstract

Submarine pipelines have been extensively used for marine oil and gas extraction due to their high efficiency, safety, and low price. However, submarine pipelines are vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). Previous research has often used solitary waves as a basis for studying the impacts of tsunami waves on submarine pipelines, although the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave properties drastically differ from those of real-world tsunami waves. This paper numerically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of tsunami waves interacting with submarine pipelines, but instead uses an improved wave model to generate a tsunami-like wave that more closely resembles those encountered in the real-world. The tsunami-like wave generated based on a real-world tsunami wave profile recorded during a 2011 tsunami in Japan has been applied. Given the same wave height, simulation results show that peak hydrodynamic forces of the tsunami-like wave are greater than those of the solitary wave. Meanwhile, the duration of the acting force under the tsunami-like wave is much longer than that of the solitary wave. These findings underline the basic reasons for the destructive power of tsunamis. It is also noted that the hydrodynamic forces of the pipeline under the tsunami-like wave increase with wave height, but will decrease as water depth increases. In addition to the single pipeline, the complicated hydrodynamic characteristics of pipelines in tandem arrangement have been also numerically studied. It is believed that the findings drawn from this paper can enhance our understanding of the induced forces on submarine pipelines under extreme tsunami waves.

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The different versions of the original document can be found in:

• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020221 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by

• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020221 under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

• https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/2/221/pdf under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

• http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/2/221/pdf,

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020221 under the license cc-by

• https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/2/221,

https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

• https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/2/221,

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/2/221/pdf,

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/6535006,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2913925010