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Abstract

JEL Classifications: L93 - Air Transportation R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes This study identifies the short term impacts of Low-Cost Airlines (LCAs) on Madeira Islands. By analysing the relevant literature, this study describes the interdependence between tourism and air transport, and the effect that the low-cost airline concept has on both industries. Both generic and industry specific impacts are drawn from the literature, while explaining the advantages and disadvantages of this airline business model. LCAs have experienced tremendous growth in Europe since its birth in the mid 1990’s and have now reached Madeira Islands, a tourism destination still served mainly by charter operations offering tour operator’s package holidays. Research made out of airport and tourism statistics, shows evidence of a significant mismatch between offer and demand in the tourism industry that could possibly be diminished by the entry of LCAs in the market. Findings suggest that, as previously observed for other regions, LCAs do in fact generate significant airport passenger growth, therefore increasing the number of tourists visiting the islands and spending nights at the hotels. However, the average length of stay decreases as more flight frequency induces flexibility and shot-break vacations. While long term impacts are yet to be measured, in order to achieve a balance between tourism supply and demand, as well as higher economic development, all players in the market must join efforts in developing strategies that will promote sustained growth. Este estudo identifica os impactos de curto prazo das companhias aéreas low-cost na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Através da análise da literatura relevante, este estudo descreve a interdependência entre o turismo e o transporte aéreo, bem como o efeito que o conceito de companhia aérea low-cost tem em ambas as indústrias. Impactos genéricos e específicos foram retirados da literatura, explicando as principais vantagens e desvantagens deste modelo de negócio. Tendo crescido significativamente na Europa, desde o seu aparecimento na década de 90, as companhias aéreas low-cost chegaram agora à Região Autónoma da Madeira, um destino turístico ainda maioritariamente servido por operações charter. A pesquisa efectuada com base nas estatísticas dos aeroportos e turismo, evidenciam um desiquilíbrio entre a oferta e a procura no sector do turismo, que pode eventualmente ser atenuado pela entrada de companhias aéreas lowcost no mercado. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, à semelhança do verificado anteriormente noutras regiões, as companhias aéreas low-cost geram um crescimento significativo do tráfego aéreo de passageiros, consequentemente contribuindo para o aumento do número de turistas que visitam as ilhas e respectivas dormidas. Contudo, devido à maior flexibilidade decorrente da crescente disponibilização de voos que potencia estadias de menor duração, a estada média decresce. Embora os impactos de longo prazo estejam ainda por medir, de modo a obter o equilíbrio entre a oferta e procura no sector do turismo, bem como maior desenvolvimento económico, todos os agentes presentes no mercado deverão conciliar esforços no sentido de desenvolver estratégias que promovam um crescimento sustentado.


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Published on 01/01/2009

Volume 2009, 2009
Licence: CC BY-NC-SA license

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