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− | == | + | == Resumen == |
− | El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas genéricas sobre homeopatía, recogidos en cuatro oleadas en cinco países: España, Francia, México, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. En concreto, se estudia la fluctuación del ranking del corpus y se toma una muestra de las 10 | + | El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas genéricas sobre homeopatía, recogidos en cuatro oleadas en cinco países: España, Francia, México, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. En concreto, se estudia la fluctuación del ranking del corpus y se toma una muestra de las 10 webs mejor posicionadas en cada país para analizar su contenido (autoría de la web, valoración de la efectividad de la homeopatía, presencia de controversia y tipo de contenido). Los resultados muestran que el ranking es estable; que la valoración de la homeopatía está vinculada al estado de la opinión pública del país; y que la mayoría de webs que aparecen mejor posicionadas son de medios de comunicación. |
− | == | + | == Texto completo == |
− | <pdf>Media: | + | <pdf>Media:Cano-Oron_2019a-68577-2239-document.pdf</pdf> |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | == Referencias == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Allam, Ahmed; Schulz, Peter-Johannes; Nakamoto, Kent (2014). “The impact of search engine selection and sorting criteria on vaccination beliefs and attitudes: Two experiments manipulating Google output”. Journal of medical internet research, v. 16, n. 4. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2642 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ananny, Mike (2016). “Toward an ethics of algorithms: Convening, observation, probability, and timeliness”. Science, technology & human values, v. 41, n. 1, pp. 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915606523 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Arif, Nadia; Al-Jefri, Majed; Bizzi, Isabella H.; Boitano-Perano, Gianni; Goldman, Michel; Haq, Inam; Chua, Kee-Leng; Mengozzi, Manuela; Neunez, Marie; Smith, Helen; Ghezzi, Pietro (2018). “Fake news or weak science? Visibility and characterization of antivaccine webpages returned by Google in different languages and countries”. Frontiers in immunology, v. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01215 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Baker, Paul; Potts, Amanda (2013). “‘Why do white people have thin lips?’ Google and the perpetuation of stereotypes via auto-complete search forms”. Critical discourse studies, v. 10, n. 2, pp. 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.744320 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ballatore, Andrea (2015). “Google chemtrails: A methodology to analyze topic representation in search engine results”. First Monday, v. 20, n. 7. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i7.5597 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bozdag, Engin (2013). “Bias in algorithmic filtering and personalization”. Ethics and information technology, v. 15, n. 3, pp. 209-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-013-9321-6 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cano-Orón, Lorena (2016). “Correlación entre las búsquedas sobre terapias complementarias en Google y su uso por parte de la población española”. Panace@, v. 17, n. 44, pp. 124-132. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5794532 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cano-Orón, Lorena; Mendoza-Poudereux, Isabel; Moreno-Castro, Carolina (2018a). “Perfil sociodemográfico del usuario de la homeopatía en España”. Atención primaria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2018.07.006 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cano-Orón, Lorena; Mendoza-Poudereux, Isabel; Moreno-Castro, Carolina (2019). “The rise of skepticism in the Spanish political and digital media contexts”. JCOM. En prensa. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Del-Gigante, Michael (2018). “The state of healthcare advertising: 4 key digital spend trends”. Mdgadvertising, July 24th. https://www.mdgadvertising.com/marketing-insights/the-state-of-healthcare-advertising-4-key-digital-spend-trends | ||
+ | |||
+ | Díaz, Alejandro (2008). “Through the Google Goggles: Sociopolitical bias in search engine design”. In: Spink, Amanda; Zimmer, Michael (eds). Web search. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Berlin: Springer, pp. 11-34. ISBN: 978 3 540 75828 0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75829-7_2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gerhart, Susan (2004). “Do web search engines suppress controversy?”. First Monday, v. 9, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v9i1.1111 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Germano, Fabrizio; Sobbrio, Francesco (2017). “Opinion dynamics via search engines (and other algorithmic gatekeepers)”. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2890853 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gillespie, Tarleton (2014). “The relevance of algorithms”. In: Gillespie, Tarleton; Boczkowski, Pablo; Foot, Kirsten (eds.). Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality, and society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 167-194. ISBN: 978 0 262 52537 4 https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Gillespie_2014_The-Relevance-of-Algorithms.pdf | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gillespie, Tarleton (2017). “Algorithmically recognizable: Santorum’s Google problem, and Google’s Santorum problem”. Information, communication & society, v. 20, n.1, pp. 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1199721 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gonzalo-Penela, Carlos (2015). Posicionamiento web y dinámicas de información en motores de búsqueda: propuestas de análisis y estudio comparativo de visibilidad de contenidos digitales en el caso de procesos electorales. Tesis doctoral. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. http://hdl.handle.net/10230/23621 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gonzalo-Penela, Carlos; Codina, Lluís; Rovira, Cristòfol (2015). “Recuperación de información centrada en el usuario y SEO: categorización y determinación de las intenciones de búsqueda en la Web”. Index.comunicación: revista científica de comunicación aplicada, v. 5, n. 3, pp. 19-27. http://journals.sfu.ca/indexcomunicacion/index.php/indexcomunicacion/article/view/197 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Haim, Mario; Arendt, Florian; Scherr, Sebastian (2017). “Abyss or shelter? On the relevance of web search engines’ search results when people google for suicide”. Health communication, v. 32, n. 2, pp. 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1113484 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Haim, Mario; Graefe, Andreas; Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2018). “Burst of the filter bubble?”. Digital journalism, v. 6, n. 3, pp. 330-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145 | ||
+ | |||
+ | IAB Spain (2017). Inversión publicitaria en medios digitales. Resultados 2017. https://iabspain.es/wp-content/uploads/inversin-publicitaria-medios-digitales_2017_vreducida.pdf | ||
+ | |||
+ | Jiang, Min (2014a). “Search concentration, bias, and parochialism: A comparative study of Google, Baidu, and Jike’s search results from China”. Journal of communication, v. 64, n. 6, pp. 1088-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12126 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Jiang, Min (2014b). “The business and politics of search engines: A comparative study of Baidu and Google’s search results of internet events in China”. New media & society, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 212-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813481196 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kammerer, Yvonne; Bråten, Ivar; Gerjets, Peter; Strømsø, Helge I. (2013). “The role of internet-specific epistemic beliefs in laypersons’ source evaluations and decisions during Web search on a medical issue”. Computers in human behavior, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 1193-1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.012 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kao, Evelyn (2017). “Making search results more local and relevant”. Google blog, 27 octubre. https://blog.google/products/search/making-search-results-more-local-and-relevant | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kleis-Nielsen, Rasmus; Ganter, Sarah-Anne (2018). “Dealing with digital intermediaries: A case study of the relations between publishers and platforms”. New media & society, v. 20, n. 4, pp. 1600-1617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817701318 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Koed Madsen, Anders (2016). “Beyond the bubble: Three empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility”. MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research, v. 31, n. 59, pp. 6-27. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lee, Kevin (2005). “Did‐it, Enquiro and Eyetools uncover search’s golden triangle”. PRWeb, March 1st. https://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/03/prweb213516.htm | ||
+ | |||
+ | León, Bienvenido; Codina, Mónica (2016). “Information and opinion in the representation of scientific consensus and skepticism on climate change in Spanish language online publications”. Observatorio (OBS*), v. 10, n. 3, pp. 104-118. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS10320161021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lewandowski, Dirk (2017). “Is Google responsible for providing fair and unbiased results?”. In: Taddeo, Mariarosaria; Floridi, Luciano. The responsibilities of online service providers. Springer, Cham, pp. 61-77. ISBN: 978 3 319 47852 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47852-4_4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lopezosa, Carlos; Codina, Lluís; Caldera-Serrano, Jorge (2018). “SEO semántico: Framework ISS para la optimización de sitios intensivos en contenidos”. Cuadernos de documentación multimedia, v. 29, pp. 97-122. http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CDMU/article/view/60607 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Moreno-Castro, Carolina; Lopera-Pareja, Emilia (2016). “Comparative study of the frequency of use of natural therapies among the Spanish population and their public image on digital media”. In: Procs of 14th Intl conf on public communication of science and technology (PCST). Estambul, Turquía. https://pcst.Co/archive/paper/2623 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Noble, Safiya-Umoja (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. NYU Press. ISBN: 978 1 479837243 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Novin, Alamir; Meyers, Eric (2017). “Making sense of convicting science information: Exploring bias in the search engine result page”. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conf of human information interaction and retrieval. ACM, pp. 175-184. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ontsi (2017). La sociedad en Red. Informe anual 2016. https://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/es/content/informe-anual-la-sociedad-en-red-2016-edici%C3%B3n-2017 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pan, Bing; Hembrooke, Helene; Joachims, Thorsten; Lorigo, Lori; Gay, Geri; Granka, Laura (2007). “In Google we trust: Users’ decisions on rank, position, and relevance”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 12, n. 3, pp. 801-823. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00351.x | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pasquale, Frank (2015). The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978 0 674 73606 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pías-Peleteiro, Leticia; Cortés-Bordoy, Javier; Martinón-Torres, Federico (2013). “Dr. Google: What about the human papillomavirus vaccine?”. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, v. 9, n. 8, pp. 1712-1719. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.25057 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pogacar, Frances; Ghenai, Amira; Smucker, Mark; Clarke, Charles L. A. (2017). “The positive and negative influence of search results on people’s decisions about the efficacy of medical treatments”. In: Kamps, Jaap; Kanoulas, Evangelos; De-Rijke, Maarten; Fang, Hui; Yilmaz, Emine. Procs of the ACM Sigir intl conf on theory of information retrieval. New York: ACM, pp. 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1145/3121050.3121074 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puschmann, Cornelius (2018). “Beyond the bubble: Assessing the diversity of political search results”. Digital journalism. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1539626 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ramaswami, Prem (2015). “A remedy for your health-related questions: Health info in the knowledge graph”. Google. Official blog, Febr. 10. https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/02/health-info-knowledge-graph.html | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rieder, Bernhard (2016). RankFlow. http://labs.polsys.net/tools/rankflow | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rieder, Bernhard; Sire, Guillaume (2014). “Conflicts of interest and incentives to bias: A microeconomic critique of Google’s tangled position on the Web”. New media & society, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813481195 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Roberge, Jonathan; Melançon, Louis (2017). “Being the King Kong of algorithmic culture is a tough job after all: Google’s regimes of justification and the meanings of Glass”. Convergence, v. 23, n. 3, pp. 306-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856515592506 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Robertson, Ronald; Lazer, David; Wilson, Christo (2018). “Auditing the personalization and composition of politically-related search engine results pages”. In: Procs of the 2018 World Wide Web Conf on World Wide Web (pp. 955-965). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. http://personalization.ccs.neu.edu/static/pdf/robertson-www18.pdf | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ruiz, Jeanette B.; Bell, Robert A. (2014). “Understanding vaccination resistance: Vaccine search term selection bias and the valence of retrieved information”. Vaccine, v. 32, n. 44, pp. 5776-5780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.042 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Van-Riel, Noor; Auwerx, Koen; Debbaut, Pieterjan; Van Hees, Sanne; Schoenmakers, Birgitte (2017). “The effect of Dr. Google on doctor–patient encounters in primary care: a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study”. BJGP open, v. 1, n. 2. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen17X100833 | ||
+ | |||
+ | White, Ryen (2014). “Belief dynamics in Web search”. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, v. 65, n. 11, pp. 2165-2178. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23128 | ||
+ | |||
+ | White, Ryen; Hassan, Ahmed (2014). “Content bias in online health search”. ACM transactions on the Web (TWEB), v. 8, n. 4, pp. 25. https://doi.org/10.1145/2663355 |
El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas genéricas sobre homeopatía, recogidos en cuatro oleadas en cinco países: España, Francia, México, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. En concreto, se estudia la fluctuación del ranking del corpus y se toma una muestra de las 10 webs mejor posicionadas en cada país para analizar su contenido (autoría de la web, valoración de la efectividad de la homeopatía, presencia de controversia y tipo de contenido). Los resultados muestran que el ranking es estable; que la valoración de la homeopatía está vinculada al estado de la opinión pública del país; y que la mayoría de webs que aparecen mejor posicionadas son de medios de comunicación.
Allam, Ahmed; Schulz, Peter-Johannes; Nakamoto, Kent (2014). “The impact of search engine selection and sorting criteria on vaccination beliefs and attitudes: Two experiments manipulating Google output”. Journal of medical internet research, v. 16, n. 4. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2642
Ananny, Mike (2016). “Toward an ethics of algorithms: Convening, observation, probability, and timeliness”. Science, technology & human values, v. 41, n. 1, pp. 93-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915606523
Arif, Nadia; Al-Jefri, Majed; Bizzi, Isabella H.; Boitano-Perano, Gianni; Goldman, Michel; Haq, Inam; Chua, Kee-Leng; Mengozzi, Manuela; Neunez, Marie; Smith, Helen; Ghezzi, Pietro (2018). “Fake news or weak science? Visibility and characterization of antivaccine webpages returned by Google in different languages and countries”. Frontiers in immunology, v. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01215
Baker, Paul; Potts, Amanda (2013). “‘Why do white people have thin lips?’ Google and the perpetuation of stereotypes via auto-complete search forms”. Critical discourse studies, v. 10, n. 2, pp. 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.744320
Ballatore, Andrea (2015). “Google chemtrails: A methodology to analyze topic representation in search engine results”. First Monday, v. 20, n. 7. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i7.5597
Bozdag, Engin (2013). “Bias in algorithmic filtering and personalization”. Ethics and information technology, v. 15, n. 3, pp. 209-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-013-9321-6
Cano-Orón, Lorena (2016). “Correlación entre las búsquedas sobre terapias complementarias en Google y su uso por parte de la población española”. Panace@, v. 17, n. 44, pp. 124-132. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5794532
Cano-Orón, Lorena; Mendoza-Poudereux, Isabel; Moreno-Castro, Carolina (2018a). “Perfil sociodemográfico del usuario de la homeopatía en España”. Atención primaria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2018.07.006
Cano-Orón, Lorena; Mendoza-Poudereux, Isabel; Moreno-Castro, Carolina (2019). “The rise of skepticism in the Spanish political and digital media contexts”. JCOM. En prensa.
Del-Gigante, Michael (2018). “The state of healthcare advertising: 4 key digital spend trends”. Mdgadvertising, July 24th. https://www.mdgadvertising.com/marketing-insights/the-state-of-healthcare-advertising-4-key-digital-spend-trends
Díaz, Alejandro (2008). “Through the Google Goggles: Sociopolitical bias in search engine design”. In: Spink, Amanda; Zimmer, Michael (eds). Web search. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Berlin: Springer, pp. 11-34. ISBN: 978 3 540 75828 0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75829-7_2
Gerhart, Susan (2004). “Do web search engines suppress controversy?”. First Monday, v. 9, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v9i1.1111
Germano, Fabrizio; Sobbrio, Francesco (2017). “Opinion dynamics via search engines (and other algorithmic gatekeepers)”. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2890853
Gillespie, Tarleton (2014). “The relevance of algorithms”. In: Gillespie, Tarleton; Boczkowski, Pablo; Foot, Kirsten (eds.). Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality, and society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 167-194. ISBN: 978 0 262 52537 4 https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Gillespie_2014_The-Relevance-of-Algorithms.pdf
Gillespie, Tarleton (2017). “Algorithmically recognizable: Santorum’s Google problem, and Google’s Santorum problem”. Information, communication & society, v. 20, n.1, pp. 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1199721
Gonzalo-Penela, Carlos (2015). Posicionamiento web y dinámicas de información en motores de búsqueda: propuestas de análisis y estudio comparativo de visibilidad de contenidos digitales en el caso de procesos electorales. Tesis doctoral. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. http://hdl.handle.net/10230/23621
Gonzalo-Penela, Carlos; Codina, Lluís; Rovira, Cristòfol (2015). “Recuperación de información centrada en el usuario y SEO: categorización y determinación de las intenciones de búsqueda en la Web”. Index.comunicación: revista científica de comunicación aplicada, v. 5, n. 3, pp. 19-27. http://journals.sfu.ca/indexcomunicacion/index.php/indexcomunicacion/article/view/197
Haim, Mario; Arendt, Florian; Scherr, Sebastian (2017). “Abyss or shelter? On the relevance of web search engines’ search results when people google for suicide”. Health communication, v. 32, n. 2, pp. 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1113484
Haim, Mario; Graefe, Andreas; Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2018). “Burst of the filter bubble?”. Digital journalism, v. 6, n. 3, pp. 330-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145
IAB Spain (2017). Inversión publicitaria en medios digitales. Resultados 2017. https://iabspain.es/wp-content/uploads/inversin-publicitaria-medios-digitales_2017_vreducida.pdf
Jiang, Min (2014a). “Search concentration, bias, and parochialism: A comparative study of Google, Baidu, and Jike’s search results from China”. Journal of communication, v. 64, n. 6, pp. 1088-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12126
Jiang, Min (2014b). “The business and politics of search engines: A comparative study of Baidu and Google’s search results of internet events in China”. New media & society, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 212-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813481196
Kammerer, Yvonne; Bråten, Ivar; Gerjets, Peter; Strømsø, Helge I. (2013). “The role of internet-specific epistemic beliefs in laypersons’ source evaluations and decisions during Web search on a medical issue”. Computers in human behavior, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 1193-1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.012
Kao, Evelyn (2017). “Making search results more local and relevant”. Google blog, 27 octubre. https://blog.google/products/search/making-search-results-more-local-and-relevant
Kleis-Nielsen, Rasmus; Ganter, Sarah-Anne (2018). “Dealing with digital intermediaries: A case study of the relations between publishers and platforms”. New media & society, v. 20, n. 4, pp. 1600-1617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817701318
Koed Madsen, Anders (2016). “Beyond the bubble: Three empirical reasons for re-conceptualizing online visibility”. MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research, v. 31, n. 59, pp. 6-27. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v31i59.19235
Lee, Kevin (2005). “Did‐it, Enquiro and Eyetools uncover search’s golden triangle”. PRWeb, March 1st. https://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/03/prweb213516.htm
León, Bienvenido; Codina, Mónica (2016). “Information and opinion in the representation of scientific consensus and skepticism on climate change in Spanish language online publications”. Observatorio (OBS*), v. 10, n. 3, pp. 104-118. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS10320161021
Lewandowski, Dirk (2017). “Is Google responsible for providing fair and unbiased results?”. In: Taddeo, Mariarosaria; Floridi, Luciano. The responsibilities of online service providers. Springer, Cham, pp. 61-77. ISBN: 978 3 319 47852 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47852-4_4
Lopezosa, Carlos; Codina, Lluís; Caldera-Serrano, Jorge (2018). “SEO semántico: Framework ISS para la optimización de sitios intensivos en contenidos”. Cuadernos de documentación multimedia, v. 29, pp. 97-122. http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CDMU/article/view/60607
Moreno-Castro, Carolina; Lopera-Pareja, Emilia (2016). “Comparative study of the frequency of use of natural therapies among the Spanish population and their public image on digital media”. In: Procs of 14th Intl conf on public communication of science and technology (PCST). Estambul, Turquía. https://pcst.Co/archive/paper/2623
Noble, Safiya-Umoja (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. NYU Press. ISBN: 978 1 479837243
Novin, Alamir; Meyers, Eric (2017). “Making sense of convicting science information: Exploring bias in the search engine result page”. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conf of human information interaction and retrieval. ACM, pp. 175-184.
Ontsi (2017). La sociedad en Red. Informe anual 2016. https://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/es/content/informe-anual-la-sociedad-en-red-2016-edici%C3%B3n-2017
Pan, Bing; Hembrooke, Helene; Joachims, Thorsten; Lorigo, Lori; Gay, Geri; Granka, Laura (2007). “In Google we trust: Users’ decisions on rank, position, and relevance”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 12, n. 3, pp. 801-823. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00351.x
Pasquale, Frank (2015). The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978 0 674 73606 1
Pías-Peleteiro, Leticia; Cortés-Bordoy, Javier; Martinón-Torres, Federico (2013). “Dr. Google: What about the human papillomavirus vaccine?”. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, v. 9, n. 8, pp. 1712-1719. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.25057
Pogacar, Frances; Ghenai, Amira; Smucker, Mark; Clarke, Charles L. A. (2017). “The positive and negative influence of search results on people’s decisions about the efficacy of medical treatments”. In: Kamps, Jaap; Kanoulas, Evangelos; De-Rijke, Maarten; Fang, Hui; Yilmaz, Emine. Procs of the ACM Sigir intl conf on theory of information retrieval. New York: ACM, pp. 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1145/3121050.3121074
Puschmann, Cornelius (2018). “Beyond the bubble: Assessing the diversity of political search results”. Digital journalism. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1539626
Ramaswami, Prem (2015). “A remedy for your health-related questions: Health info in the knowledge graph”. Google. Official blog, Febr. 10. https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/02/health-info-knowledge-graph.html
Rieder, Bernhard (2016). RankFlow. http://labs.polsys.net/tools/rankflow
Rieder, Bernhard; Sire, Guillaume (2014). “Conflicts of interest and incentives to bias: A microeconomic critique of Google’s tangled position on the Web”. New media & society, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813481195
Roberge, Jonathan; Melançon, Louis (2017). “Being the King Kong of algorithmic culture is a tough job after all: Google’s regimes of justification and the meanings of Glass”. Convergence, v. 23, n. 3, pp. 306-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856515592506
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Published on 04/03/19
Accepted on 04/03/19
Submitted on 04/03/19
Volume 28, Issue 2, 2019
Licence: CC BY-NC-SA license
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