Demand side instruments to reduce road transportation externalities in the greater cairo metropolitan area


== Abstract ==

Economically efficient prices for the passenger transportation system in the Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area would account for broader societal costs of traffic congestion and accidents, and local and global pollution. A $2.20 per gallon gasoline tax (2006 US$) would be economically efficient, compared with the current subsidy of $1.20 per gallon. Removal of the existing subsidy alone would achieve about three-quarters of the net benefits from subsidy elimination and the tax. Per-mile tolls could target congestion and accident externalities more efficiently than fuel taxes, although they are not practical at present.  A combination of $0.80 per gallon gasoline tax to address pollution (versus $2.20 without tolls), and $0.12 and $0.19 tolls per vehicle mile on automobiles and microbuses, respectively, to address traffic congestion and accident externalities (versus $0.22 without fuel taxes) would be most efficient. Current public bus and rail subsidies are relatively close to efficient levels in the absence of such policies; however, if automobile and microbus externalities were fully addressed through more efficient pricing, optimal subsides to public transit would be smaller than current levels.


== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6083] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd

* [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000158349_20120611162515/Rendered/PDF/WPS6083.pdf http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000158349_20120611162515/Rendered/PDF/WPS6083.pdf]

* [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/20529/1/ujst-10.108015568318.2012.755581.pdf https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/20529/1/ujst-10.108015568318.2012.755581.pdf]

* [https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/pt/168021468021866346/Demand-side-instruments-to-reduce-road-transportation-externalities-in-the-greater-Cairo-metropolitan-area https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/pt/168021468021866346/Demand-side-instruments-to-reduce-road-transportation-externalities-in-the-greater-Cairo-metropolitan-area],
: [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/9339 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/9339],
: [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000158349_20120611162515/Rendered/PDF/WPS6083.pdf http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000158349_20120611162515/Rendered/PDF/WPS6083.pdf],
: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15568318.2012.755581 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15568318.2012.755581],
: [https://trid.trb.org/view/1325379 https://trid.trb.org/view/1325379],
: [https://www.scipedia.com/public/Parry_Timilsina_2012a https://www.scipedia.com/public/Parry_Timilsina_2012a],
: [https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-6083 https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-6083],
: [https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/6083.html https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/6083.html],
: [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/9339/WPS6083.pdf?sequence=1 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/9339/WPS6083.pdf?sequence=1],
: [https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2082774 https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2082774],
: [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/6083.pdf?abstractid=2082774&mirid=5 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/6083.pdf?abstractid=2082774&mirid=5],
: [https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6083 https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6083],
: [http://akb.africa-union.org/auc/handle/AKB/14220 http://akb.africa-union.org/auc/handle/AKB/14220],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/1525281886 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/1525281886] under the license cc-by-nc-nd