Converting a Conventional Vehicle into an Electric Vehicle (EV)


== Abstract ==

 The electric vehicle (EV) is not a recent invention. Between the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, most motor vehicles were electric, due to their superior reliability and cleanliness, compared to that of vehicles driven by internal combustion engines (ICE). However, with the development of ICEs and the reduction of their price, electric cars were forgotten. Only almost a century later, they returned in the market due to a significant increase in fossil fuels prices, as well as to a growing environmental concern. EVs present a number of advantages over ICE vehicles: they are simpler and require less use and replacement of parts, resulting in lower maintenance costs; moreover, they do not release pollutants into the environment. However, their production cost is still much higher than that of ICE vehicles. In order to verify the possibility of converting a conventional vehicle into an electric one at a reasonable cost, achieving a good performance and a good kWh/km ratio, an ICE-powered Mercedes-Benz Class A 190 was converted into an EV. The results of several tests indicate that the conversion is feasible, as the car reached an average travelling cost of 0.16 R$/km, assuming a price for the energy of 0.63 R$/kWh. Moreover, this cost could be as low as zero if solar radiation is utilized to generate electricity through photovoltaic panels, which is an even more environmentally sustainable solution..

Document type: Article

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_914479762-beopen996-1770-document.pdf</pdf>


== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

* [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200206 http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200206] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

* [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200206&lng=en&tlng=en http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200206&lng=en&tlng=en]

* [https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007 https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

* [http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v62nspe/1678-4324-babt-62-spe-e19190007.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v62nspe/1678-4324-babt-62-spe-e19190007.pdf],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007] under the license cc-by-nc

* [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200206 http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200206],
: [https://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v62nspe/1678-4324-babt-62-spe-e19190007.pdf https://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v62nspe/1678-4324-babt-62-spe-e19190007.pdf],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2990016435 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2990016435] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/