The effects of explicit intention communication, conspicuous sensors, and pedestrian attitude in interactions with automated vehicles


== Abstract ==

In this paper, we investigate the effect of an external human- machine interface (eHMI) and a conspicuous external vehicle appearance due to visible sensors on pedestrian interactions with automated vehicles (AVs). Recent research shows that AVs may need to explicitly communicate with the environ- ment due to the absence of a driver. Furthermore, in interac- tion situations, an AV that looks different and conspicuous owing to an extensive sensor system may potentially lead to hesitation stemming from mistrust in automation. Thus, we evaluated in a virtual reality study how pedestrian attitude, the presence/absence of an eHMI, and a conspicuous sensor system affect their willingness to cross the road. Results rec- ommend the use of an eHMI. A conspicuous appearance of automated-driving capability had no effect for the sample as a whole, although it led to more efficient crossing decisions for those with a more negative attitude towards AVs. Our findings contribute towards the effective design of future AV interfaces.


== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/the-effects-of-explicit-intention-communication-conspicuous-sensors-and-pedestrian-attitude-in-interactions-with-automated-vehicles(ca2e065f-f3f7-4f7d-8cc5-e7f1c7045e7b).html https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/the-effects-of-explicit-intention-communication-conspicuous-sensors-and-pedestrian-attitude-in-interactions-with-automated-vehicles(ca2e065f-f3f7-4f7d-8cc5-e7f1c7045e7b).html]

* [http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089665880&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089665880&partnerID=8YFLogxK],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376197 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376197]

* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/chi/chi2020.html#AckermansDRCP20 https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/chi/chi2020.html#AckermansDRCP20],
: [https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/the-effects-of-explicit-intention-communication-conspicuous-senso https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/the-effects-of-explicit-intention-communication-conspicuous-senso],
: [https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Apure.tue.nl%3Apublications%2Fca2e065f-f3f7-4f7d-8cc5-e7f1c7045e7b https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Apure.tue.nl%3Apublications%2Fca2e065f-f3f7-4f7d-8cc5-e7f1c7045e7b],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/3010336474 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/3010336474]

* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376197 https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376197],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376197 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376197]