National and regional innovation systems: best practices in developed and developing countries

Abstract

Relevance of the research: The totality of national and regional innovation systems, implying sustainable interaction and cooperation between scientific, educational, government organizations and businesses, is the basis for the country's innovative and economic development. Due to the wide variety of systems existing in the world, it seems appropriate to identify the main problems and patterns of their development in the advanced and developing economies. The results of the study will help determine the directions for improving the regional policy of the Russian Federation in the field of innovation economics. The goal of this study is to analyze and summarize foreign experience in organizing national and regional innovation systems. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: We conducted a deep analysis and identified best practices for organizing national and regional innovation systems in developed (USA, France, Switzerland, Japan, Republic of Korea) and some rapidly developing countries (China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Colombia, Mexico). Results: The effectiveness of the national innovation system is largely determined by the level of interaction between scientific institutions and entrepreneurs. The development of innovation support infrastructure, the existence of targeted programs tailored to the demands of innovative businesses, as well as the coherence of the goals of the development programs at various territorial levels, contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of innovation activities. The degree of centralization of the innovation system directly depends on the political and administrative structure of the country. The effective development of innovative systems in the long run is only possible if the actual territorial, ethnical and cultural barriers are overcome, the operations of high-tech SMEs are stimulated, and the innovative capabilities of universities are increased.

Full document